Master of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 2022, Public Health

Having risen as a global concern, characterization of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria within different agricultural landscapes is essential to recognize and mitigate AMR-associated global health risks. Individual animal factors such as lactation stage, parity, and previous antimicrobial use and herd-level factors like size and production type may need to be supplemented with community-level factors such as landscape diversity, density of agricultural animals, soil composition, landscape fragmentation, and connectivity to describe AMR in across agricultural landscapes. Because cephalosporins are used extensively and commensal organisms often harbor resistance in cattle, we investigated herd and community level risk factors of broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (BSCR) in cattle across 54 cattle farms in two Ohio counties to explore the role of community-level factors in AMR. From the summer of 2019 through the summer of 2021, interview data, pooled manure samples from cattle, and deer manure samples were collected from farms (n=54) across two counties with different landscape types in Ohio. Proportions of BSCR Enterobacteriaceae were calculated using counts of bacterial colonies grown on non-selective and selective MacConkey agar plates. Herd level predictors included in analysis were outdoor access, other livestock species' presence on the farm, cattle imports to the farm, and herd size. Community level predictors were calculated using a centroid buffer with a 3-kilometer radius around each farm and included cropland diversity, mean dairy kernel density, mean beef kernel density, distance to nearest hospital, distance to nearest wastewater treatment plant, and proportion of broad spectrum cephalosporin resistance in deer manure collected on the property. Beta regression was used to identify significant predictors across both counties combined and stratified by county. Of all models, those including only herd size outcompeted the others in the combined ana (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Rebecca Garabed (Advisor); Jiyoung Lee (Committee Member); Stephen Matthews (Committee Member) Subjects: Public Health; Veterinary Services

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1973, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Education

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1960, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Health Sciences

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2014, Comparative and Veterinary Medicine

Abdominal surgery is commonly performed in cattle for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A recent survey of veterinarians in the United States revealed that abdominal surgery is thought to be the most painful of the commonly performed surgical procedures in cattle. Pain is thought to play an important role in post-operative performance in cattle undergoing abdominal surgery. However, pain evaluation in ruminants is difficult, and recent research suggests that assessment of pain in ruminants requires measurement of both physiologic and behavioral parameters. Combination analgesic techniques may be superior to individual techniques in calves following abdominal surgery. Pain and incisional algometry scores were evaluated for a total of 120 hours in calves following routine umbilical herniorrhaphy. Twenty-one calves presenting for umbilical herniorrhaphy were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) BAN: Flunixin meglumine 1.1 mg/kg IV following intubation and at 24 hours post-op 2) MLK: Co-infusion of morphine (4.75 mcg/kg/hr), lidocaine (2.11 mg/kg/hr) and ketamine (0.42 mg/kg/hr) for 24 hours beginning immediately following intubation. Co-infusion was discontinued at 24 hours. A modified sheep pain scoring system, as well as an algometer to measure incisional pain were used by one blinded evaluator to assess comfort at 14 timepoints during the 5 day study period. There were no significant differences in heart rate, respiratory rate, or pain score between groups during the study period or during CRI administration. Incisional algometry scores were significantly different between groups during the CRI administration, with cattle in the MLK group having higher nociceptive thresholds than cattle in the BAN group(p=0.019). During the entire study period, there was not a significant difference between groups, however there was a trend towards higher thresholds in the MLK group (p=0.098). In addition to the pain scoring, blood samples were taking (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Andrew Niehaus (Advisor); Jeffrey Lakritz (Committee Member); Phillip Lerche (Committee Member); Thomas Wittum (Committee Member) Subjects: Veterinary Services

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2011, Veterinary Clinical Sciences

The tympanic membrane and external auditory canal serve auditory and non-auditory functions. Both the luminal surface of the external auditory canal and the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane are composed of a stratified squamous, keratinizing epithelium. Epithelial migration is a process that serves as a self-cleaning and repair mechanism for the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane. Epithelial migration has been evaluated in humans and several other species, but not in dogs. The majority of these studies employ an ink drop method in which discrete markers of ink are placed on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane and the pattern and rate of these markers are monitored over time. Failure or abnormal epithelial migration has been implicated as a potential cause of some otic diseases in humans and has been assessed in otitis externa, keratosis obturans, external auditory canal cholesteatomas, retraction pockets, and middle ear cholesteatomas. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate and pattern of epithelial migration on the tympanic in clinically normal laboratory dogs and to describe a technique for ink drop placement on the canine tympanic membrane to be used for future studies. Eighteen dogs were anesthetized, and three drops of waterproof drawing ink were placed on two sites of the pars tensa and one on the pars flaccida. Images were recorded with a video otoscope and digital capture system. Each dog was evaluated and images recorded every six to eight days for four evaluations. Migration pattern analysis and epithelial migration rate calculation were performed with image processing software. Descriptive statistics for epithelial migration rate (mean, standard deviation, 95% confidence interval) were calculated for all ink drop locations on the tympanic membrane (pars tensa 1 [PT1], pars tensa 2 [PT2], and pars flaccida [PF]) at each time point. Eight fox hounds had digital images from both ears that met the criteria for imag (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Lynette Cole DVM, MS (Advisor); Andrew Hillier DVM, MS (Committee Member); Paivi Rajala-Schultz DVM, PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Anatomy and Physiology; Animal Diseases; Audiology

Master of Arts in Psychology, Cleveland State University, 2008, College of Science

The lack of racial and ethnic diversity in the profession of veterinary medicine is widely recognized. Despite this recognition, minority representation in veterinary colleges remains very low. No demographic data shows exactly how many minority veterinarians exist; however, Elmore (2003) extrapolated numbers from recent graduates and suggested that about 91% of all veterinarians in the United States were white, 5% were Hispanic, 2% were African American, 1% were Asian/Pacific Islander, and less than 1% were American Indian/Alaskan Native. For minority groups, these percentages are significantly lower than the racial distribution in the population of the United States. Limited progress has been made toward achieving diversity in the veterinary profession. Previous research (qualitative interviews) has identified several reasons for the lack of proportionate minority representation in animal-oriented fields including veterinary medicine (Brown, 2005): 1. Economic disparities 2. On-going civil rights struggle 3. Moral obligation to serve people 4. Unattractive career incentives 5. Inadequate career exposure and recruitment 6. Non-supportive environments 7. Negative images of the field 8. Little or no positive animal experience 9. Racial discrimination and prejudice About 10% of veterinary students in United States colleges of veterinary medicine today are minorities. More quantitative research is necessary to understand the reasons for this lack of proportionate representation. The current study is the first large scale project to survey a group of high achieving underrepresented college-bound and undergraduate students that are in pursuit of mathematics and science-based careers in order to understand the reasons they are less likely to choose veterinary medicine than other health fields as a profession. Results indicated that the following two factors were the most important in the decision to pursue a career in the field of veterinary medicine: 1. Acqu (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Steve Slane PhD (Advisor); Constance Hollinger PhD (Committee Member); Leslie Fisher PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Veterinary Services