Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2024, English

Modernist artist novels by and about women complicate traditional understandings of the kunstlerroman genre by challenging the definition and status of the “artist” and presenting a broader range of options for women interested in the arts. Beginning with Wyndham Lewis's Tarr and with specific attention to the character of Bertha Lunken, an art student, and continuing with readings of Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse, Mina Loy's Insel, and Jessie Fauset's Plum Bun, the dissertation analyzes representations of the female artist. Through their artist protagonists, these authors explore their ambivalence regarding the importance of talent, vision, and marketability. Their portrayals of amateur artists, students, and models focus on the social and material conditions that women in the period had to navigate in order to come to their own understanding of artistic success. Such portrayals also speak to the ways women participated in various modernist movements, both as visual artists and as writers. Ultimately, a reexamination of the female artist figure in these novels allows for an expanded definition of modernism by finding continuities between the Modernist period and the late Victorian period, interrogating regionalist specificity and transatlantic communication, and considering ways that high modernist experimental fiction relates to a commonly feminized and dismissed mass-market literature.

Committee: Keith Tuma (Committee Chair); Erin Edwards (Committee Member); Elisabeth Hodges (Committee Member); Madelyn Detloff (Committee Member); Mary Jean Corbett (Committee Member) Subjects: Literature

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2018, History (Arts and Sciences)

This dissertation focuses on U.S. Army forces in Berlin from 1945 to 1994 and on broader issues of U.S. and NATO policy and strategy for the Cold War. It seeks to answer two primary questions: Why did U.S. officials risk war over a location everyone agreed was militarily untenable, and how did they construct strategies to defend it? Much of the Berlin literature looks at the city only during the two crises there, the Soviet blockade in 1948 and 1949 and Moscow's periodic ultimatum between 1958 and 1962 that the Americans, British, and French leave the city. These works maintain that leaders conceived of Berlin's worth as only a beacon of democracy in the war against communism, or a trip wire in the event that the Soviet Union invaded Western Europe. This dissertation looks beyond the crises, and contends that a long view of the city reveals U.S. officials saw Berlin as more than a liability. By combining military, diplomatic, political, and international history to analyze the evolution of U.S. diplomacy, NATO strategy and policy, and joint military planning, it suggests that U.S. officials, realizing they could not retreat, devised ways to defend Berlin and, when possible, use it as a means to achieve strategic and political ends in the larger Cold War, with both enemy and friend alike. This research is broadly concerned with national security, civil-military relations, and alliance politics. It focuses on the intersection of the military and political worlds, and tries to answer how governments analyze risk and form strategy, and then how militaries secure political and military objectives. Ultimately, it is a study of deterrence in modern war, an examination of how leaders can obtain objectives without harming friendships or instigating war.

Committee: Ingo Trauschweizer (Advisor); Steven Miner (Committee Member); Chester Pach (Committee Member); James Mosher (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Armed Forces; European History; History

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Arts and Sciences: Romance Languages and Literatures

The aim of this research is to explore the existence of a Latin American literature on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, more specifically in Spain. A tradition that has its origins in the figure of the Inca Garcilaso; which was consolidated at the beginning of the last century and whose evolution has increased in the present. This migratory literature together with other internal triggers has brought about an alteration of the traditional Latin American canon throughout the 20th century and its overcoming in 21st by a literature “en espanol”. This panorama leads me to glimpse a large number of young Latin-American writers with a presence in Spain during the last ten years, stimulated by the publishing world and by a long tradition endorsed by the vanguardias (avant-garde) first, later by the boom, and finally by the "Bolano phenomenon", and already consecrated within a concept of literature in Spanish, aspects that I cover in the first two chapters of this dissertation. Using the terminology of Dagmar Vandebosch, I have organized the literary production of these authors, through three narrative movements: cosmopolita (cosmopolitan), migrante (migrant) and radicante (radicalizing); which I have developed over three subsequent chapters and illustrated with the literary analysis of six novels : Monasterio of Eduardo Halfon, La pena maxima of Santiago Roncagliolo, Una tarde con campanas of Juan Carlos Mendez Guedez, Paseador de perros of Sergio Galarza, Un jamon calibre 45 of Carlos Salem, and Hablar solos of Andres Neuman. Finally, I consider relevant the contribution of all these aspects to the academic field with the clear objective of helping a better understanding of certain areas of study such as: migrant narrative, transatlantic studies, transnational narratives, the relevance of the publishing world, the Spanish-language narrative of the 21st century, the Hispano-American narrative of the 21st century and the narrative written in Spain in the 21st centu (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Patricia Valladares-Ruiz (Committee Chair); Andres Perez-Simon (Committee Member); Nicasio Urbina (Committee Member) Subjects: Latin American Literature

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, Spanish and Portuguese

This dissertation reassesses the literatures of the nineteenth-century Iberian empires after the Age of Atlantic Revolutions, as the persistence of Spanish and Portuguese coloniality tends to be misinterpreted within their respective literatures as a result of their omission from the dominant historiographical narratives of Modern Europe. This project shifts the focus of literary analysis away from Eurocentric debates that compare Spain and Portugal to the rest of the Modern European empires, and instead compares their reinvigorated engagement with the Antilles and Africa after the significant colonial losses incurred early in the century. As such, this study calls for the analysis of colonial/hybrid texts in conjunction with the rereading of metropolitan works to elucidate the persistence of coloniality and its relevance previously unexplored within the cultures and literatures of the nineteenth-century peninsular metropolises, while also emphasizing the imperial discourses and colonial practices that not only articulated but also served to perpetuate the power dynamics of coloniality along the century. The examination of the nineteenth-century Iberian literatures by way of an archive that reflects the reach of their empires reveals the documentation of imperial ideologies and practices largely erased from the popular imperial narratives of Spain and Portugal, as well as those of the larger Modern Atlantic world: namely, the persistence of slavery and its illegal trade, the harsh realities of historically idealized miscegenation, the role of colonial subjects as protagonists in decolonization, as well as the continuing role of Iberian migration and slavery within the nineteenth-century imperial Atlantic. On the other hand, the study of the Spanish and Portuguese empires through a comparative perspective highlights the important differences between the two enterprises, offering more productive readings of their literatures as a receptacle for the particular expre (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Pedro Schacht Pereira (Advisor); Salvador García (Committee Member); Rebecca Haidt (Committee Member) Subjects: African Literature; Caribbean Literature; Comparative Literature; European Studies; Modern History; Modern Language; Modern Literature; Romance Literature

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2016, English

“'I Would Prevent You from Further Violence': Women, Pirates, and the Problem of Violence in the Antebellum American Imagination" analyzes how antebellum American pirate stories used the figure of the pirate to explore the problem of violence and the role women play in opposing violent men. This project joins ongoing conversations about women in the nineteenth century in which scholars, such as Nina Baym, Mary Kelley, and Mary Ryan, have made key contributions by recovering a domestic model of nineteenth-century womanhood. As my work demonstrates, antebellum Americans were similarly invested in a more adventurous, and sometimes violent, model of womanhood that was built upon the figure of the gentleman pirate and placed in opposition to violent men. I argue that it is important to think about the pirate story and the figure of the pirate, not only in the context in which it has come to be known—escapist fantasies written for boys and young men—but as a place where authors reinforced, modified, and established different models of gender roles. Frequently within the mid-nineteenth-century American pirate story, authors answered the question of who is allowed to be violent by demonstrating that women had the capacity for violence and constructing scenarios illustrating that women were often the only ones in a position to forcibly oppose violent men. The pirate story uniquely blends different narrative conventions: adventure stories that are often believed to appeal to male audiences and domestic scenarios that are usually understood to resonate with female readers. Although historical and fictional pirates of other eras and geographical locations have been examined, little scholarship has focused on piracy in the antebellum American imagination, even though the figure of the pirate continued to proliferate, especially in popular fiction, throughout the nineteenth century. My project addresses this gap not only by demonstrating the importance of pirates in nineteenth (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Sara Crosby (Advisor); Andrea Williams (Committee Member); Susan Williams (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; American Literature; American Studies; British and Irish Literature; Gender; Literature; Womens Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2014, Linguistics

This study investigates and compares the long and short term flexibility of participants' production and perception, by looking at the relationship between topic-based shifting, and second dialect acquisition. 97 participants in London, UK, and Columbus, OH, were recruited to participate in this study, and belonged to one of six categories: English expatriates living in the US, American expatriates living in the UK, English fans of American football, American fans of the English Premier League, and English and American controls. The study consisted of an experimental task followed by an interview. In the experiment, participants rotated between a reading and a listening task. In the reading task, participants read words containing three variables of interest (intervocalic /t/, non-prevocalic /r/, and BATH), across American and English themed topics. In the listening task, participants were played English and American speakers in noise, and were asked to transcribe what they heard. In the production data, we find evidence of second dialect acquisition for all three variables in American participants, including non-migrants with substantial second dialect contact. English participants, however, only show effects of acquisition for intervocalic /t/. I suggest, based on comments in the interview data of my participants, that this asymmetry may at least in part be due to the relative prestige of British and American English, which motivates one group of speakers to maintain, and one group of speakers to lose, their native dialects. We find a robust effect of topic on rhoticity for all speaker groups, and weaker effects of topic on intervocalic /t/ and BATH, that are carried by American fans and controls. Short and long term shifts between dialects do not show signs of being related, and a case can be made that there is actually a negative relationship between experience and topic-based shifting: we see more topic-based shifting in participants with the le (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kathryn Campbell-KIbler (Advisor); Cynthia Clopper (Committee Member); Mary Beckman (Committee Member); Donald Winford (Committee Member) Subjects: Linguistics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2013, English

This dissertation challenges traditional author-based chronologies of British and American literatures by examining the international readerships for nineteenth-century bestsellers. The project spans the decades between 1851, when a series of legal cases undermined the copyrights of American books in Britain, and 1891, when the Chace Act in the United States provided full international copyright protection. In this period, international copyright laws (or lack thereof), publishing practices, and circulation patterns allowed bestsellers to circulate even more widely outside their countries of national origin, a pattern I call an inverted audience. Situated at the intersection of current work in book history and transatlantic studies, this dissertation constructs a phenomenology of the bestseller that accounts for these trends in publishing and reading within an international context. I argue that tracing and analyzing the international circulation of bestsellers not only re-nationalizes particular books by focusing on readers, but also creates a newly global map of the book trade that emphasizes reciprocal influences among nations. Constructed as a series of case studies, the dissertation brings together nineteenth-century publishers' records, book trade periodicals, reviews, and international reprint editions to form a comprehensive view of how international audiences responded to particular books' content, context, and circumstances of publication. In Chapter 1, I examine how widespread British reprints of Susan Warner's The Wide, Wide World (1851) and Queechy (1852) variously reshaped these sentimental novels and connected them with a religious readership in England. Chapter 2 compares the international circulation and reception of “The American Tennyson” and “The British Longfellow”; and shows how the popular reprint market on both sides of the Atlantic enabled readers at all levels to imagine close relationships between themselves and their favorite poets. The t (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Clare Simmons Ph.D. (Advisor); Susan Williams Ph.D. (Committee Co-Chair); Steven Fink Ph.D. (Committee Member); Amanpal Garcha Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: American Literature; Australian Literature; British and Irish Literature; Literature

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2011, Arts and Sciences: Romance Languages and Literatures

Matthew Fehskens Dissertation Abstract My dissertation studies an aesthetic counter-modernity constructed in Hispanic Letters between the years of 1880-1918. This counter-modernity is characterized as a pursuit of permanence that posits itself to counteract the destabilizing force of progressive techno-scientific modernity. My study incorporates authors from both Spain and Latin America, signaling a shared transatlantic movement in literature that links these authors directly to the crisis of late modernity. Using a critical base of transatlantic theory developed by Paul Giles and Henri Lefebvre, the study explores texts by Ruben Dario, Jose Enrique Rodo, Jose Marti, Miguel de Unamuno, Azorin, and Juan Ramon Jimenez to illustrate the various postures of atemporal aesthetic modernity as it was manifested in poetry, prose, travel literature and the essay. My principle task in this dissertation has been to identify this ideology as a response to the tragic existential and social crisis suffered by these authors, thereby demonstrating confluences between the counter-modern literatures of Europe and Latin American and Spanish authors of the era, including these works in the Modernist dialogue shared by the West, from which these peripheral literatures have been critically excluded. I demonstrate the transatlantic counter-modernity developed in Hispanic letters of the 1900 moment by the following means; 1) Theoretically grounding the literature in terms of ideology and not nationalistic literary historiography, namely, the shared experience of modernization in Spain and Latin America and literature's engagement with this crisis of values, 2) contextualizing Hispanic projects of regeneration and utopia in the over-arching Western tradition of the Romantic organicist paradigm of history, and the Symbolist aesthetic analogy, both being ideologies that seek to supplant linear, destructive time as it was conceived in modernity with a temporal experience of an eternal essence, (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Nicasio Urbina PhD (Committee Chair); Carlos Gutierrez PhD (Committee Member); Maria Moreno PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Literature

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2008, Arts and Sciences : Political Science

The dissertation studies the functioning and management of NATO in the post-Cold War distribution of power. The core purpose is the articulation of a framework that enables coherent explanation of NATO's transformation while at the same time binding together the invitation to new allies, the expansion of allied missions, and advancement of new capabilities. I explain these three aspects of NATO's transformation through club goods theory and the concept of complementarities. The club goods framework originates from collective goods literature and is consistent with the theory of intergovernmental bargaining in integration studies. It suggests that NATO has features similar to heterogeneous clubs: voluntarism, sharing, cost-benefit analysis and exclusion mechanisms. Based on club good theory, I conceptualize complementarities as a relationship between military resources and transformational allied capabilities. The military resources considered include military personnel, army, navy, air force and defense spending. The alliance missions in terms of peacekeeping, crisis management and non-proliferation are key intervening variables in my model that shape the development of allied capabilities. Combined Joint Task Forces, NATO Response Force and different non-proliferation teams illustrate the advancement of new capabilities. This framework distinguishes between three groups of nations: the core NATO allies, the new members and the non-NATO nations that are members of the European Union (Austria, Finland, Ireland and Sweden). The study indicated that a strong relationship between resources and allied capabilities for the old NATO members, while for the new NATO allies this relationship is much less powerful and none of the observed variables is significant in the case of the non-NATO nations. Based on these findings the dissertation makes the argument that the United States as a hegemon has a key role in managing allied relations, while at same time influencing the (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Richard Harknett (Committee Chair); Dinshaw Mistry (Committee Member); Joel Wolfe (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2004, Arts and Sciences : English and Comparative Literature

My dissertation analyzes modern women's novels that interrogate the role of marriage in the construction of female identity. Mapping the character of Clarissa in The Voyage Out (1915), “Mrs. Dalloway's Party” (1923), and primarily Mrs. Dalloway (1925), I highlight Woolf's conviction that negotiating modernity requires an exploratory yet protected consciousness for married women. Rhys's early novels, Quartet (1929), After Leaving Mr. Mackenzie (1931), Voyage in the Dark (1934), and Good Morning, Midnight (1939), portray women excluded from the rite of marriage in British society. Unable to counter oppressive Victorian mores, her heroines invert the modernist impulse to “make it new” and face immutability instead, contrasting with the enforced multiplicity of identity endured by women of color in Fauset's Plum Bun (1929) and Larsen's Quicksand (1928) and Passing (1929). Hurston's last novel, Seraph on the Suwanee (1948), indicts American race and gender relations in the story of a white woman's modification of her identity within an abusive marriage. In each novel, marital crises reflect the experience of becoming “modern,” of attaining female selfhood in sexually, socially, and racially complicated milieus.

Committee: Amy Elder (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2007, Spanish and Portuguese

Alejo Carpentier's theory of “lo real maravilloso americano” gave shape to the “interpretative community” of the Latin American “Boom” – which dovetailed authors such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, and Julio Cortazar among others. Like a boomerang sent into the future, this identity “propuesta de significado,” or proposition of meaning, was thought to be miraculously embodied by the Cuban Revolution. Although “magical realism” was only one among the many facets of literary production of the period, I propose the need to study it as the master concept or Imagery Nucleus. Its referent would be the entelechy “America”, land of marvels, that eventually expanded its network of meanings to “Revolutionary,” “Baroque,” or “Avant-Garde” writing. In Spain the empathy towards the Cuban Revolution shaped a Transatlantic community that amalgamated these Latin American authors – some of them living in Barcelona – with the exiles from the Spanish Civil War, and anti-Francoist writers such as Juan Goytisolo and Luis Martin-Santos. This Transatlantic community had an enormous impact on the Spanish literary world and its self-imagery. Their goal was the fight for and portrayal of a new “Espana” from the 1960s on, whose representation became the main trends until 1992, year of the celebration of the Quincentennial of America's “Discovery” in Seville, the XXV Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona and Europe's “Cultural Capital” in Madrid. The defense by some of these Latin American authors during the 1960s of the novels of chivalry – i.e. Amadis de Gaula or Tirant lo Blanc – as legitimate realistic writing (indeed a magical realistic one), was used as a weapon against Francoist Historiography and its concept of Hispanism. Defending these novels meant an adherence to a “heterogeneous” and ex-centric vision of Spain and Spanishness (Hispanidad), more inclusive of other Peninsular languages: an attempt to “Latinamericanize” Spain. The transnational cross-border encounters of t (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Samuel Amell (Advisor); Ileana Rodríguez (Other); Ignacio Corona (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2002, Political Science (Arts and Sciences)

This thesis has two aims: first, to use neorealist theory to help illuminate the future role of European Union foreign policy; second, to use the case of the EU to help highlight some benefits and limitations of neorealism. Particular emphasis is given to how neorealism's balance of power theory pertains to relations between the European Union and the United States, that is, to consider the possibility of the EU challenging the USA for global leadership. The thesis uses two case studies to focus on the development and trajectory of European foreign policy in its near-abroad, first in the Balkans and second in the Middle East. In both regions, the EU's actions are considered in the context of transatlantic relations. Conclusions drawn from these studies are later supplemented with evidence from other issue areas. In a dedicated chapter, special attention is given to the ramifications of the September 11th terrorist attacks on the USA.

Committee: Harold Molineu (Advisor) Subjects: Political Science, General

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2007, Political Science

After more than two decades of on and off negotiations, the United States and Canada resolved their respective wine trade disputes with the European Union (EU). The resolution of the disputes represented important victories for US and Canadian government officials that had worked for more than twenty years on agreements that would guarantee their respective wine exporters fairer access to the European market. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a descriptive analysis of the US-EU and Canada-EU wine trade disputes and the negotiations that helped resolve them. Using data collected from interviews with representatives from Canadian and US wine trade associations and Canadian and US governmental officials directly involved in the trade talks with the EU, it seeks to explore three distinct relationships that existed throughout the trade negotiation process: 1) within government (between legislative bodies and bureaucratic agencies); 2) within the private sector (between private sector trade associations, domestic and international); and 3) between government and the private sector (between legislative bodies, bureaucratic agencies, and trade associations). The ultimate findings suggest that despite differences in the institutional configuration of democratic states (presidential vs. parliamentary systems) such as the US and Canada, these states actually followed quite similar paths during the trade policy making process. Furthermore, this research argues that these similarities can be attributed to four key variables present in both cases: 1) common external problems; 2) common internal pressures; 3) common international governmental institutions; 4) common international non-governmental organizations.

Committee: John Rothgeb (Advisor) Subjects:

PHD, Kent State University, 2010, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Political Science

In our complex and interconnected world, scholars of international relations seek to better understand challenges spurred by intensified global communication and interchange. This dissertation investigates how network-based solutions of knowledge creation and dissemination may enhance our capacity to produce better policies. This research suggests that in order to overcome policy problems transnationally, three critical aspects should be considered. First, as science and technology policy becomes increasingly critical to resolving global issues it should be regarded as an integral element of the foreign policy process. Second, as liberal IR theory argues, the increasing role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and transnational networks call for an alternative approach in unraveling patterns of cooperation in the twenty-first century. Third, scholars from various theoretical perspectives have emphasized the potential value of transatlantic governance in the global economy. This dissertation concentrates on the idea that knowledge network (KNET) participants constitute a “linchpin” in transatlantic relations. To test this empirically, this research uses hyperlink network analysis to investigate cooperative arrangements and virtual communication patterns between the European Union and the United States. This study reveals the knowledge-based structure of the transatlantic relationship as a core element of the international system, and a primary catalyst in the resolution of transnational policy problems. This research also demonstrates that there is a variety of actors actively involved in these transatlantic virtual networks. While state actors are not invisible, they are not predominant actors in these networks.

Committee: Steven W. Hook PhD (Committee Chair); Andrew Barnes PhD (Committee Member); Julie Mazzei PhD (Committee Member); Alberta Sbragia PhD (Committee Member); Ruoming Jin PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Political Science

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2008, History

This dissertation analyzes the most significant events that took place in United States-European relations during the presidency of Richard M. Nixon, from 1969 to 1974. The first major study on transatlantic relations for this time period, it is drawn from newly released multi-lingual archival documents from the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), the Richard Nixon Presidential Materials Project (NPMP), the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, the presidential libraries of John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Gerald R. Ford, the archives of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU), the British National Archives (Kew), and the Nixon tapes. Through a groundbreaking presentation of diverse events such as Nixon and Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Henry A. Kissinger's 1969 tour of European capitals, the condition of NATO after French withdrawal and the invasion of Czechoslovakia, the Nixon knockdown of and subsequent collapse of the Bretton Woods monetary regime on August 15, 1971, the 1973 American policy “The Year of Europe”, and the 1974 renegotiation of the terms of British membership of the European Community (EC), this study shows how while Nixon began his term of office in 1969 with a great public emphasis on close ties with Europe, over time Transatlantic relations were downgraded in importance by the White House as Nixon used Europe to launch more important foreign policy initiatives for which he is better known, including detente with the Soviets, rapprochement with the PRC, and bringing American military involvement in Southeast Asia to a final end.

Committee: Douglas Forsyth (Committee Chair); Gary Hess (Committee Member); Thomas Schwartz (Committee Member); Theodore Rippey (Committee Member) Subjects: History