Master of Science, University of Toledo, 0, Biology (Ecology)

Biosolids that are added as fertilizer to agricultural fields might contain dangerous levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.—indicators of pathogen contamination. This research assessed the effects of soil depth, soil type, and retention on the reduction of those indicators (and presumably pathogens) in effluent from biosolid-amended soil. E. coli (1011 – 1012 CFU/100 ml) and Enterococcus hirae (1010 – 1011 CFU/100 ml) were added to biosolids, passed through silt loam and sandy loam soils in vertical, flow-through microcosms (5 cm in width and 30, 45, or 60 cm in depth) and enumerated in the resultant effluent. Densities of bacteria in effluents of columns 60 cm in length were significantly less than in effluents of the shorter columns; densities in effluents from silt loam microcosms were significantly less than those from sandy loam microcosms. In each case, densities were consistently above target levels (infrequent full body contact (IFBC)) for recreational waters as established by the U.S. EPA (576 CFU/100 ml for E. coli and 151 CFU/100 ml for Enterococcus spp.). To assess the effect of retention on effluent densities, the above experiments were repeated, but included short-term capping of the columns to prevent leaching. The effect of capping under field conditions was evaluated with silt loam soil in microcosms of tiled, agricultural fields (2.4 m in length, 1.2 m in width, and 0.45 m in depth). Capping for two weeks with silt loam soils resulted in effluent densities that were below target levels. Effluent densities from sandy loam soil remained above target levels. Data from the column microcosms were used in a colloid transport model to determine the model's applicability in predicting effluent densities of bacteria. The model's output was compared to actual data via linear regression, which resulted in R2 values ranging from 0.82–0.97, indicating that the model was a fairly accurate estimator of bacterial transport. When the model's ou (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Daryl Dwyer Ph.D (Committee Chair); Von Sigler Ph.D (Committee Member); Alison Spongberg Ph.D (Committee Member) Subjects: Agriculture; Environmental Science

Master of Fine Arts, The Ohio State University, 2010, Art

As a maker I have found that my interest focuses on the minutia of change rather than vast differentiation, with attention to formal structured material processes. Thrown walls are the core of the movement and manipulation that defines my work. In order to create change I extend the boundaries of my work, altering formal elements and integrating new tools allowing for slow evolution. Molds copy and replicate, creating something new within something that was considered finished. Color is considered to be a tool, which entices, identifies, and accentuates form and space. Grids are utilized as a means to avoid language, but grids applied to material, create references to other material things, architecture and upholstery. These references of interior and exterior, plays between soft and hard, balancing and contradicting one another. The relationship of simplicity and complexity, balancing to activate surface and object articulately Beginning with previously considered pottery forms that are altered through movement, the process extends the wall is unraveled, laid flat and reconsidered within a new non-continuous format. It becomes tile, which can be replicated to re-create the continuous nature that the round forms embodied with in a larger field. In the end I came back to the re-considerations of objects, their relationships to each other, in relation to people and their surroundings.

Committee: Rebecca Harvey (Advisor); Jeff Haase (Committee Member); Malcom Cochran (Committee Member) Subjects: Fine Arts