Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1985, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1961, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Political Science

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1950, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1970, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1960, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1920, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1960, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

PHD, Kent State University, 2023, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Political Science

This dissertation seeks to answer the main research question: Why do some countries adopt e-voting in their national elections while other countries do not? This dissertation shows that although voter turnout and election fraud do not influence e-voting adoption, e-voting adoption can increase voter turnout and decrease election fraud. In addition, it is effective in combating some political problems even if those problems are not the main reason for reforming the elections. The main argument above is supported by my three empirical chapters. The first empirical chapter focuses on answering the question: Do voter turnout and election fraud affect e-voting adoption? By employing survival analysis, I found that, unlike the common belief and understanding, voter turnout and election fraud do not affect e-voting adoption. In addition, the second empirical chapter intends to reexamine the effects of e-voting adoption on voter turnout and election fraud. Using statistical techniques such as pretest and posttest design, ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, and a difference-in-differences (DID) of four pairs of countries, this study reveals that while in individual cases e-voting adoption increased voter turnout or decreased election fraud, in the larger population of countries, the effects of e-voting adoption on voter turnout were different from its effects on election fraud. Specifically, this chapter argues that while the effects of e-voting adoption on voter turnout can be significantly observed among all countries in my sample, the effects of e-voting adoption on election fraud were not significant in the adopter countries and between the adopter and the non-adopter countries. Moreover, the third empirical chapter focuses on Indonesians' support of the adoption of e-voting in their country's future elections and Filipinos' support of the current e-voting system in the country. Primarily, this chapter aims to answer the question: What are the factors tha (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Ryan Claassen (Committee Chair); Kathleen Hale (Committee Member); Daniel Chand (Committee Member); Michael Ensley (Committee Member) Subjects: Political Science

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1963, History

Committee: Stuart R. Givens (Advisor) Subjects: History

Master of Arts (MA), Wright State University, 2021, International and Comparative Politics

This study qualitatively examines the impact of three socio-economic inequalities on state terrorism: (1) income inequality; (2) unequal collective labor rights; and (3) land inequality. It proposes a theory of class structure and state terrorism based on the Marxist theory of exploitation and domination and uses Marxist class analysis in the comparison of two case studies, Brazil (1985-1990) and the Philippines (1986-1992), to determine which of the three socio-economic inequalities is most likely to lead to class struggle that will prompt the state to respond with terrorism. Findings from this study indicate that issues concerning land inequality may be a main driver of state terrorism in these two cases.

Committee: Laura M. Luehrmann Ph.D. (Committee Chair); December Green Ph.D. (Committee Member); Carlos Eduardo Costa Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Economic Theory; Political Science; Sociology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2019, History

During World War II, guerrillas from across the Philippines opposed Imperial Japan's occupation of the archipelago. While the guerrillas often fought each other and were never strong enough to overcome the Japanese occupation on their own, they disrupted Japanese operations, kept the spirit of resistance to Japanese occupation alive, provided useful intelligence to the Allies, and assumed frontline duties fighting the Japanese following the Allies' landing in 1944. By examining the organization, motivations, capabilities, and operations of the guerrillas, this dissertation argues that the guerrillas were effective because Japanese punitive measures pushed the majority of the population to support them, as did a strong sense of obligation and loyalty to the United States. The guerrillas benefitted from the fact that many islands in the Philippines had weak Japanese garrisons, enabling those resisting the Japanese to build safe bases and gain and train recruits. Unlike their counterparts opposing the Americans in 1899, the guerrillas during World War II benefitted from the leadership of American and Filipino military personnel, and also received significant aid and direction from General Douglas MacArthur's Southwest Pacific Area Headquarters. The guerrillas in the Philippines stand as one of the most effective and sophisticated resistance movements in World War II, comparing favorably to Yugoslavian and Russian partisans in Europe.

Committee: Peter Mansoor (Advisor); Mark Grimsley (Committee Member); Bruno Cabanes (Committee Member); Robert Perry (Committee Member) Subjects: History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, English

In Decolonizing Forms: Linguistic Practice, Experimentation, and U.S. Empire in Contemporary Asian American and Pacific Islander Literature, I examine Asian American and Pacific Islander experimental writings that address the United States' histories of militarization and neo/colonialism in Asia and Oceania. I argue that the authors' deployment and representation of linguistic practices form the crux of their experimentations, enact specific critiques of the U.S. imperium in its many permutations, and attend to ongoing decolonial efforts. The experimentations in the texts combat what I term American solipsism, or the inability of the American public discourse to recognize any nations, occupied spaces, or U.S. actions that cannot be absorbed into American exceptionalist reasoning; the works I analyze demand readers to re/acknowledge or re-conceptualize the United States' relationships with the Philippines, Korea, Guam, and Hawai`i. I argue that these authors are attending to the structures of imperialism that have shaped life and history for Asian/American and Pacific Islander populations and further that the shape of their experimentations reflect the shape of empire and the texts' and characters' decolonial practices. Specifically, I argue that linguistic experimentation is the tool by which the authors deploy a decolonial aesthetics precisely because the authors are highlighting the linguistic practices and policies of imperialism. I contribute to scholarship by addressing experimentation in genres beyond poetry; each chapter focuses on one main text with a different experimental narrative form: novel, novel with narrative poetry, lyrical poetry, and multi-genre composition. In Chapter 2, I argue that the neocolonial martial law state in Jessica Hagedorn's Dogeaters (1990) uses gossip as a tool of terror, reflecting Governor-General William Howard Taft's (1901-1904) documented uses of gossip to govern the Philippines, influencing Philippines leadership through (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Martin Ponce (Advisor) Subjects: American History; American Literature; American Studies; Asian American Studies; Bilingual Education; Comparative Literature; Ethnic Studies; History of Oceania; Literature; Literature of Oceania; Pacific Rim Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1986, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Home Economics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1951, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geography

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2014, Spanish and Portuguese

In the past decade, an impetus towards a more globalized field of Hispanic studies has emerged, critiquing the Peninsular/Latin America binary in academic departments and highlighting the need for significant studies of Hispanic Asian and African literatures. Various scholars have been contributing to this call, both in the study of Africa and in Asia, in order to move away from the centrality of the Spanish presence. My research is located in this emerging trend. This project highlights Filipino texts in order to continue building a transoceanic bridge to the Pacific by comparatively placing it alongside Cuban and Puerto Rican texts. This project carries out a transoceanic comparative study of Cuban, Puerto Rican and Filipino nationalist and revolution literatures written during the late nineteenth century, leading up to Spain's loss of its final colonies in the Spanish-American War in 1898 and the first few years of U.S. neo-colonization. Using South Asian and Latin American Subaltern Studies as a point of departure, it addresses the gap in Iberian and Latin American studies that ignores the former Spanish colonies in the Pacific Ocean with a decolonial objective in mind. The works studied show the development of a new, regional and national consciousness and reveal the authors' responses to modernization, highlighting the political, cultural, and social tensions of that time period aesthetically and socio-culturally. By employing a transoceanic approach of the Filipino propagandista movement and the Latin American modernista movement, I aim to disrupt coloniality's focus on the Atlantic and allow for the emergence of decolonial thought that considers the inclusion of the formerly marginalized Pacific. Through an analysis of these parallel movements, my overall claim is that, by reading these texts through a transoceanic lens, we see not a mimicry of a European style, but rather an educated, elaborate response to the collapsing empire and to the internatio (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Ileana Rodríguez (Advisor) Subjects: Asian Literature; Asian Studies; Caribbean Literature; Caribbean Studies; Language; Latin American History; Latin American Literature; Latin American Studies; Literature; Modern Language

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2014, Linguistics

This study analyzes the origins and development of the phonology of Cavite Chabacano, focusing particularly on the role of superstrate and substrate influence on the history of the vowel system. This endangered language, spoken in Cavite City, Philippines, is a Spanish-lexified creole with Tagalog as the substrate. The study incorporates sociophonetic methodology, insights from second language phonological acquisition, and consideration of the language attitudes and ideologies of the speakers in order to describe the development of the phonological system. The data come from word list tasks, reading tasks, interviews, and perceptual dialectology tasks conducted during six months of fieldwork. The first part of the study describes the segmental and prosodic phonology of Cavite Chabacano, including synchronic and diachronic variation related to how the phonological system developed over time under input from the substrate and superstrate systems, particularly with respect to the vowel system. Modern Cavite Chabacano has a 5-vowel system like the superstrate Spanish and generally preserves Spanish forms faithfully, but there are some words that have vowels differing from the Spanish forms in ways that indicate early substrate influence from the Old Tagalog 3-vowel system. The second part of the study focuses on the sociophonetic analysis of the vowel system, arguing that it is at the phonetic rather than the phonological level where substrate/adstrate influence in the language is most evident. Stressed vowels and phrase-final vowels are significantly different from unstressed and nonfinal vowels in terms of vowel quality and duration. These phonetic patterns are more characteristic of the substrate Tagalog than of the superstrate Spanish. The results also confirm and expand upon previous claims (German 1932, Miranda 1956) about dialectal variation in the vowel system. The dialects of the Caridad and San Roque districts of Cavite City both have acoustic overlap b (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Donald Winford (Advisor); Mary Beckman (Committee Member); Cynthia Clopper (Committee Member) Subjects: Linguistics

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2013, Arts and Sciences: Political Science

The transnational nature of grand corruption in developing countries, and its resistance to the onslaught of Anti-Corruption Multi-Level Governance (ACMLG) efforts over the past two decades, has been an increasing source of concern for the international community. More disturbing is why, despite vast resources devoted to such efforts, have corruption levels not gone down, particularly in the Philippines, a country celebrated for its return to democracy with the advent of the People Power Revolution that ousted the Marcos dictatorship. The hypothesis that ACMLG does not lower levels of corruption is tested by comparing and contrasting one country, the Philippines with five other countries of similar background to see what may account for similarity or differences in ACMLG outcomes. Quantitative and qualitative analyses are used in comparing the presence and activities of AC MLG such as international and national legal frameworks, government programs and agencies, and civil society participation to corruption indices reported by Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index, World Bank World Governance Indicator for Control of Corruption, Global Financial Integrity's Flow of Illicit Funds Index, Global Integrity Scorecard corruption score and the Bertelsmann Transformation Index. In addition, Philippine economic, social, and political correlates of corruption are compared and contrasted with select countries. This research finds the economy and not politics or culture, to be the biggest predictor of corruption. Differences in elite behavior are also a predictor of corruption and area for more research. This answers in part why intensive political institution building has not produced the intended results in the short term. Moreover, this research found that ACMLG efforts did not factor in the reality of state capture by predatory elites in developing countries. It lacks logic to expect the main beneficiaries of corruption to themselves take action against (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Laura Jenkins Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Stephen Mockabee Ph.D. (Committee Member); Thomas Moore Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Political Science

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2010, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of)

In a world where every one out of six people is considered a squatter, Metro Manila, Philippines is not alone. There, poverty is characterized by 85,000 families across the city, who build provisional homes and communities for themselves on public and private land that they do not own. Even though squatting is undeniably industrious, the informal settlements cause not only land-use problems for the city, but also uncontrolled public waste, water contamination, flooding, disease, and traffic obstruction, among others. Standard government and private sector responses are insufficient methods for replacement housing, even the most successful approach to date, Gawad Kalinga. A common denominator of past and current programs is a lack of socio-culturally sensitive housing design that can meet the needs of the diverse populations who inhabit the settlements. The classic theory of Christopher Alexander's A Pattern Language will provide insight into a design vocabulary that responds more appropriately to the needs and desires of its residents, and is applicable at all scales. Nowhere are the implications of squatting more evident in Manila, than in the Payatas area of Quezon City. Located in the northeastern part of Metro Manila, Payatas is characterized by the 40 meter (130 ft) garbage dump that its residents live and work on, earning about 100 pesos ($2) a day if they are lucky. The need for proper housing for this community, struggling to live in an environment that is a breeding ground for disease and flooding, where flies swarm constantly, and the rancid smell of rotting waste and sound of dump trucks never cease, is dire and palpable. Therefore, the main question that this thesis seeks to explore is: Due to the fact that standard urban housing models do not respond well to the particular needs of site and culture, learning from the deficiencies of Gawad Kalinga as an example, can a new urban housing vocabulary be developed using Christopher Alexander's Pattern Langu (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Nnamdi Elleh PhD (Committee Chair); Elizabeth Riorden MARCH (Committee Chair); Edson Cabalfin MSArch (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

MS ARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2003, Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning : Architecture

This research argues that the Art Deco style in the Philippines can be understood both as the imposition of power by the colonizer and the demonstration of resistance of the colonized. The study also proposes that the style can never be neutral, innocent or inert, rather can be embedded within intricacies of ideological practices and political processes. Scholarship on Art Deco architecture outside Europe and the Americas, especially in the Philippines, has remained uncritical as these were often limited to formalistic analysis. Using postcolonial theory, the critical historiography on Philippine Art Deco is to be investigated in terms of three critical categories of mode of production, representation and power. First, mode of production, shows how Art Deco was connected and dependent on the relationship between producers and consumers of the style. The interaction of materials, technologies of construction, patronage, institutions and cultural agents were highlighted in this chapter. Second, representation, explores how Art Deco became the technology of refashioning and re-presenting the different realities. The form, typologies, variants of the architectural style are dissected and problematized according to the politics of representation; Third focuses on power, or the dynamics between the dominated-subjugated and colonizer-colonized. This section established the linkage between the political, economic and social colonial programs and its manifestations in the built form of that period. Furthermore, modes of resistances and empowerment were identified and probed in relation to the power dynamics.

Committee: Patrick Snadon (Advisor) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2011, Political Science

The past few decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in international migration and attendant remittance flows across borders. Recent scholarship suggests that remittance wealth and mobility opportunities made available by migration may empower citizens and lead to social transformations in the country of origin. This increasingly popular view holds that the political autonomy created by remittances and democratic attitudes transmitted through diaspora networks changes political relationships in developing countries in favor of ordinary citizens. However, whether international mobility indeed promotes democracy is subject to dispute in both theoretical and empirical terms. This dissertation explores how international migration affects citizens' demand for government accountability in origin countries. The availability of exit and migration-generated remittance inflows creates a possibility of life chances relatively independent of the home country and thus insulates citizens from the consequences of domestic politics. I argue that the resulting decline in a "stake" in society reduces the perceived benefits of political engagement, and this leads to fewer incentives on the part of citizens to hold the government accountable and to ensure effective representation. Using individual-level and subnational aggregate data from the Philippines, I demonstrate that migration changes how citizens relate to and seek to control the government. I first show that existing studies arguing that migration promotes citizens' political engagement may be misleading theoretically and fail to hold up empirically in the Philippines. I then test my theoretical argument with individual-level survey data and show that households with family members abroad are less likely to rely on government services and more likely to feel insulated from the vagaries of the domestic economy. Finally, using province-level data on local elections, I show that electoral accountability--the extent to which (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Irfan Nooruddin PhD (Committee Chair); Marcus Kurtz PhD (Committee Member); Jeremy Wallace PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Political Science