Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2010, Sociology

Social movement theory emphasizes the central importance of framing but pays little attention to framing as a process. This thesis examines strategies of framing, especially the use of multiple frames to appeal to diverse audiences by balancing and reinforcing various ideas to mobilize support. It compares three women's movements that were active during the Progressive era in the U.S.—the birth control movement (Margaret Sanger), the temperance movement (the Woman's Christian Temperance Union), and the white supremacy movement represented by the Women's Ku Klux Klan. Textual analysis of speeches and general audience articles by movement leaders document patterns and themes in framing strategies. All three movements used multiple frames, both balancing of liberal and conservative frames along with reinforcing of frames to appeal to core constituencies. Margaret Sanger was most likely to balance liberal with conservative frames—the most common conservative frame being the nativist eugenic frame—and the only one to use reinforcing liberal frames. Reflecting their more conservative agenda, the W.C.T.U. and WKKK relied on reinforcing conservative frames while also balancing liberal feminism with conservative nativist and patriotic ideas. These similarities reflect both direct and indirect diffusion among these groups as well similarities in their leadership and core constituencies, primarily white Protestant middle and upper class women. The relative liberalism of the birth control movement reflected its more equality-minded leadership and constituencies. Frame balancing and reinforcing are core features of resonant framing strategies and contributed to the social and political impact of these three movements.

Committee: J. Craig Jenkins (Advisor); Andrew Martin (Committee Member); Vincent Roscigno (Committee Member); Alexander Burry (Committee Member) Subjects: Sociology

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2007, English

This paper explores the function of gender and race in nineteenth-century American temperance literature, with special attention given to the role of women in temperance discourse and within the reform movement. Chapter One discusses the function of the saloon in temperance literature, focusing on Walt Whitman's Franklin Evans and T.S. Arthur's Ten Nights in a Bar-Room, two of the reform's most widely read publications. Maria Lamas' The Glass and Henrietta Rose's Nora Wilmot: A Tale of Temperance and Women's Rights are the focus of Chapter Two, which analyzes the less popular female authored fiction of the movement. Chapter Three discusses the function of race in Frances E.W. Harper's recently discovered temperance texts “The Two Offers” and Sowing and Reaping. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union is also explored in regards to their ability to challenge traditional gender roles and redefine women's position in the public sphere.

Committee: Martha Schoolman (Advisor) Subjects: Literature, American

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1985, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1964, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2023, History

Humans have been brewing beer for at least 10,000 years. For most of this time, brewing was a rudimentary affair. Ancient, medieval, and early modern brewing was carried out using local grains, herbs, fruits, and open-air fermentation. This has radically changed in the last two hundred years. Modern brewing now relies on intensive capital inputs, standardized products and brands, marketing, global distribution networks, disposable packaging, and scientific expertise. Even today's craft brewers—who often pride themselves on their experimental brews and local or regional connections—are a product of this transformation. This dissertation asks how this radically different brewing industry came to be in the United States. I argue that the modern American brewing industry took shape because of the unique biological and material properties of beer's organic and chemical components (yeast, hops, barley, and alcohol) and that brewers' desire to control even the most minute aspects of their craft resulted in intense capitalization and standardization of their industry.

Committee: Bartow Elmore (Advisor); Jennifer Eaglin (Committee Member); Christopher Otter (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Economic History

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2020, History

The problem of drunkenness played an important role in ruling class perceptions of the laboring classes in the early modern English Atlantic. Previous studies addressing alcohol consumption in the English Atlantic have focused on production and the social role of taverns and alehouses. Scholarship addressing the Gin Craze of the eighteenth-century has focused on the destructive consumptive habits of the laboring poor in the middle of the eighteenth century. This project addresses concerns on the consumptive habits of the laboring classes within a larger discourse on the morality and work ethic of the laboring classes during the seventeenth century and eighteenth century. This study addresses the laboring classes in England with a focus on London. It also addresses the laboring classes in the English Caribbean and in the army and the navy. Documents from the seventeenth century and eighteenth century show the English ruling class's concerns about the role of alcohol consumption in the perceived decline in the morality and work ethic of the laboring classes played a significant role in shaping the ways the ruling class perceived the laboring classes.

Committee: Charles Beatty-Medina (Committee Chair); Ami Pflugrad-Jackisch (Committee Member); Kristen Geaman (Committee Member); Joseph Slater (Committee Member) Subjects: Caribbean Studies; European History; History; Labor Relations; Military History

BS, Kent State University, 2008, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

During the uneasy years predating the American Civil War, self-proclaimed prophets and messengers of God traveled the frontier proclaiming their interpretations of truth as revealed through Protestant Christianity. As they attempted to convert the nation, they conceived American utopias which, constructed within a sacred history of Christianity, played an important role in redefining the religion in North America. As part of the process of establishing these utopias, individuals interested in the conversion of society utilized and revised the “New Haven” theology of Yale College, from which would emerge a reconstructed concept of “sanctification” in Oberlin, Ohio. These individuals would use this theology to form the basis for their attempts to reform society, applying religious meaning to social action. In Lorain County, Ohio, we can observe these changes in religious thought and practice as numerous “religious virtuosi” carried out social action which they considered to be bound to a sacred history. In tandem with social action would come ecclesiastical conflict, tearing the New England Plan of Union asunder. This thesis is interested in how reformers' attempts to create heaven on earth would result in conflict highlighted by a series of events which would ultimately change the religious landscape of the county as it contributed to and reflected the changing face of religion in America.

Committee: David Odell-Scott PhD (Advisor); Guy E. Wells PhD (Advisor); Leonne Hudson PhD (Committee Member); Leslie Heaphy PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History; Religious History

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2017, History

Historians of nineteenth-century temperance reform are quick to elevate Neal Dow and the 1851 Maine Law as the example of antebellum prohibition efforts. While Maine's first-in-the-nation ban on the manufacturing and selling of liquors was unique, it was anything but prohibitive. The law, complete with exceptions and limited consequences, operated more like a tax on those engaged in the practice and that was only if prosecutors and judges did not nullify the law themselves. As a result, characterizations of the Maine Law as prohibitory and Dow as the father of prohibition in Maine deserve critique. Through an examination of newspapers, judicial records, petitions, and the legislative record, one finds that the temperance reform narrative in Maine is much more complex. Mainers of dispersed geographic, socio-economic, political, and religious backgrounds grappled with what, if any, role the state should play in pursuing moral improvement. This work decenters the prohibition narrative away from Dow and focuses on the multifaceted causes of and reasons for the Maine Law's rise and failure. As a consequence, the statewide temperance effort, including the conflicting views within it on “the drink,” receives deserved attention.

Committee: Steven Conn (Advisor); Lindsay Schakenbach Regele (Committee Member); Andrew Offenburger (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1971, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: History

PHD, Kent State University, 2016, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

Giles Shurtleff died in the early 20th Century a local hero. His life, which had been followed with great interest in his adopted hometown of Oberlin, Ohio, was filled with military feats of glory. Breveted Brigadier General, Shurtleff's war story was well known. He was a recent graduate of the college, and a tutor of Latin when the Civil War began. Shurtleff led a company of Oberlin boys into the conflict, only to be captured at his first major engagement. Although his actions helped save many in his regiment, Shurtleff was off to several Confederate prisons over the next year. When he was released, instead of returning to the Oberlin regiment, he became a staff officer of General Orlando Wilcox, and was on the front lines during the Union disaster at Fredericksburg. Sickness took him out of the service, but only briefly. The Oberlininte returned to lead a regiment of black soldiers in a desperate battle where he was seriously wounded while leading his men to victory. Upon his recovery, Shurtleff returned to his men, and served his country with enormous dedication. This story was well known. Shurtleff's life story, however, is quite a bit larger than his impressive military career. He entered Oberlin virtually penniless, and worked his way through the school's preparatory department, college department, and graduate school. His impressive work resulted in job offers from Oberlin and at least one other college. He returned to Oberlin after the war to teach, and became a very successful fund raiser for the school and was named its treasurer. He retired as a prominent Oberlinite and a trustee of the college. As the Civil War receded into memory, Shurtleff remained on view in Oberlin, as a bronze sculpture of him remains one of the few statues of a human in that college town known for its artistic temperament. Shurtleff's story is significant for much more than just the compelling narrative of his life. In addition to his obvious importance in Ohi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Leonne Hudson PhD (Advisor); Bradley Keefer PhD (Committee Member); Clarence Wunderlin PhD (Committee Member); Babacar M'Baye PhD (Committee Member); Landon Hancock PhD (Committee Chair) Subjects: History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2006, History of Art

In the United States, in 1830, per capita alcohol consumption peaked at record levels and then began to decline as the temperance movement worked to curtail American drinking. Although the goal of a sober nation was laudable, the movement's fundamental bias toward a white, middle-class audience exacerbated growing tensions with the lower class and called attention to the issues of slavery and racial inequality, ultimately generating social conflicts on par with those it was working to alleviate. This dissertation examines a group of genre paintings created in America, 1830-1860, that depict alcohol, alcohol consumption or intoxication in order to identify how the controversies surrounding drinking and temperance directly, but also indirectly, influenced their formal and thematic construction. Combining the methodologies of social history, formal analysis and material culture, this study explores how painters struggled, with varying degrees of success, to incorporate a temperance message in their work while visually managing the issues temperance brought to the fore—class conflicts, racial tensions, even debates over freedom and liberty. In particular, this dissertation focuses on images of rural and frontier laborers in which the presence of alcohol is significant, yet difficult to detect without an understanding of antebellum temperance propaganda and the visual vocabulary it established. One common feature of temperance's visual language was conflation of alcohol with the drinking vessel that contained it in such a way that a bottle or jug literally became alcohol. The temperance propaganda circulating contemporaneously with these canvases would have activated the meaning of the jugs and bottles in the paintings and moved the role of these objects beyond merely a compositional function. A jug's opacity meant it could hold anything, while explicitly revealing nothing—leaving the final word on meaning up to the viewer. This dissertation suggests, that by presenting (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Barbara Groseclose (Advisor) Subjects: Art History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1939, History

Committee: Homer Hockett (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1933, History

Committee: Carl Wittke (Advisor) Subjects: