Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2006, Family Resource Management

The main purpose of this dissertation is to explore household saving using a prospect theory approach through the use of the loss aversion model and behavioral portfolio theory. The research begins by investigating the effect of having expected per-period income above or below the reference level as well as the effect of uncertainty on the likelihood of saving based on the loss aversion model. The focus then moves to saving motives based on the ideas of behavioral portfolio theory. The direct measure of saving available in the dataset is saving over the previous year. Saving horizon is also investigated since the saving measure is a short-term measure and some regular savers may not have saved during the past year. The dataset used is the 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances. The sample excludes retired U.S. households for a final number of 3,694 households. Having expected per-period income above the reference level increases the likelihood of saving. Having expected per-period income below the reference level is significantly and negatively related to the likelihood of saving, and has a greater effect on the likelihood of saving than having expected per-period income above the reference. The group of uncertainty variables is significant in explaining the likelihood of saving. In contrast to the theories reviewed, most of the uncertainty variables are not found to increase the likelihood of saving. Saving motives and saving horizon are significant in explaining the likelihood of saving. Saving for a foreseeable expense significantly increases the likelihood of saving in both the models with and without interaction terms. Having a motive to save for the education of children or grandchildren significantly decreases the likelihood of saving in the model without interactions, while this variable is not significant when interactions are added. Inclusion of interactions of saving horizon variables with the saving motive variables is found to be significant in explaining the (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Catherine Montalto (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2009, Family Resource Management

The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a better understanding of individual characteristics related to savings and the relationship between saving goals and saving behaviors. Hypotheses based on Regulatory Focus Theory are developed to make predictions related to the connection between saving goals and individual characteristics related to saving. The hypotheses are tested using two different methods: an experimentally manipulated survey and secondary data analysis. In Study 1, using an Internet-based survey format, data were collected to examine the effects of framing and different saving goals on individuals' attitudes toward saving. Messages preceding the questionnaire differed as to framing and saving goal characteristics. Individual characteristics were measured based on self-reported responses. In Study 2, data from the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances was analyzed to explore the relationship between saving goals and savings behavior. Multiple regression and multivariate analysis of variances were employed to analyze experimental data. Logistic regression was used to analyze the Survey of Consumer Finances data. Results from Study 1 revealed that demographic variables played a significant role in explaining attitude toward saving. However, when demographic variables were not considered, characteristics of saving goals and individual regulatory orientation were significantly related to attitude toward saving. Specifically, promotion-related saving goal and the characteristics of being promotion- or prevention-oriented, positively influenced attitudes toward saving. Study 2 revealed that having a saving goal significantly increased the likelihood of saving, whether the goal was promotion- or prevention-related. In addition, the effect of saving goals was moderated by a household's regulatory orientation. The likelihood of regular saving was higher when the household exhibited prevention orientation and when the household also listed saving goals that ar (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Loren V. Geistfeld (Advisor); Caezilia Loibl (Other); Curtis P. Haugtvedt (Other) Subjects: Behaviorial Sciences; Home Economics; Psychology

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1983, History of Art

Committee: Matthew Herban (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2005, Family Resource Management

The behavior of simultaneously holding liquid assets and credit card debt looks puzzling because the cost of borrowing is higher than the return of saving. A review of the modern models of saving and consumption introducing uncertainty and liquidity constraints into the process of utility maximization suggests that a precautionary saving model may explain the saving behavior of credit card revolvers. The main purpose of this dissertation was to explore the credit card revolver's behavior of holding substantial levels of liquid assets. This research includes two stages. In the first stage, factors associated with the likelihood of being financially sufficient revolvers are investigated. Results from this step support precautionary saving motives as explanations for the behavior of simultaneously saving and borrowing. Therefore, based on a precautionary saving model, the second stage further explores how factors related to uncertainty and liquidity constraints affect the level of liquid assets held by credit card revolvers. In addition, an objective precautionary saving model is compared with a subjective precautionary saving model. The data used for the analyses were obtained from the 2001 Survey of Consumer Finances. A logistic regression is used to estimate the likelihood of being financially sufficient revolvers, compared to being financially sufficient convenience users. An OLS regression is used to study the relationship between precautionary saving and factors measuring uncertainty and liquidity constraints. In addition, an OLS regression with subjective precautionary saving as the dependent variable is examined. Empirical results show that having precautionary saving motives not only increases the likelihood of being financially sufficient revolvers, but also increases the level of liquid assets. This research suggests that revolvers save for precautionary purposes, though this may not be an optimal financial management decision. This study shows that expendit (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Catherine Montalto (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2008, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1925, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2023, Engineering and Applied Science: Civil Engineering

Precast concrete sandwich panels (PCSPs) are widely used in construction for several reasons, one of the more important reasons is the thermal performance since it implements an insulation layer sandwiched between two layers of concrete, which improves the thermal resistance of the wall assembly considering that most of energy loss in buildings is through the exterior walls. Concrete can be an ideal material for energy saving, due to its thermal mass which acts as a thermal battery for the building, absorbing energy during the day and releasing it at night. Many energy codes recognize the benefits of thermal mass and require less insulation for mass walls. Many designs can be applied to the exterior layer of PCSPs mainly for esthetics. These designs can also influence the thermal lag by increasing or decreasing the time expected to absorb or release the heat. The proposed research is aimed to investigate the effect of the architectural patterns on the exterior layer of the precast concrete sandwich panel on the thermal lag in terms of absorbing, storing, and releasing heat energy.

Committee: Anton Harfmann M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Jeffrey Kastner Ph.D. (Committee Member); Pravin Bhiwapurkar Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Civil Engineering

Doctor of Healthcare Administration (D.H.A.), Franklin University, 2023, Health Programs

Massive bleeding remains one of the leading potentially preventable causes of death in the United States, accounting for more than 50% of mortality rates (Marietta, Marco et al., 2011). Massive transfusion protocol (MTP) is a rapid transfusion of a large amount of blood and blood products (more than ten units of red blood cells in twenty-four hours, or four units of red blood cells in an hour, or any four blood components in 30 minutes) in a short period of time (Thurn et al., 2019). The blood products' ratios included in the massive transfusion protocol are distinct and composed of red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets. Developing and establishing electronic records for massive transfusion protocols may improve patient outcomes (Broxton et al., 2017). Using liquid plasma during a massive transfusion protocol may improve patient survival rate by decreasing the blood product delivery time to the patient's bedside and reducing healthcare costs by lowering blood product waste (Beckermann et al., 2022). In this quantitative study, the researcher analyzed retrospective medical records from a Level One Medical Trauma Center in the Southwest United States to answer the research question. Data regarding using liquid plasma in massive blood transfusion outcomes were collected from the hospital records for pre- and post-liquid plasma usage implementation. The study investigated the following research question: For patients who require emergency and massive transfusion, what is the impact of using liquid plasma compared to fresh frozen plasma on blood product wastage and plasma-saving cost one year before and after using liquid plasma?

Committee: Alex Akulli (Committee Chair); Jesse Florang (Committee Member); Gail Frankle (Committee Member) Subjects: Comparative; Health Care; Health Care Management; Health Sciences; Medicine; Pathology; Science Education

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2023, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

As the architectural community strives for new energy efficient design solutions, the overlooked and underutilized method of earth sheltering stands the test of time. Earth sheltering has sustainable properties such as high thermal mass and offers a practical solution to a growing carbon footprint in the housing sector. Despite this, earth sheltering is rarely being explored, expanded upon, and utilized. This is possibly due to beliefs of these buildings being dark, wet, cold or the thought that this type of design is a fad from the 70's-90's. Energy efficiency is a high priority making it pertinent to explore how earth sheltered design can be utilized to create efficient housing options. This thesis explores earth sheltering through the lens of a multifamily community built into the hillside of retired iron mine. The scope of this project covers the layout of a large community down to the architecture of individual units. The design utilizes historic and contemporary precedence as well as research to help inform the solution. The project offers a new look into energy efficient multifamily housing solutions by utilizing earth sheltering. These ideas are represented through drawings, diagrams, renders and models along with this writing. The final design solution looks to address the challenges and misconceptions associated with earth sheltered design by providing energy efficient and aesthetically pleasing multifamily housing options.

Committee: Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Member); Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Arts and Sciences: History

Child welfare programs in the United States have their foundation in the religious traditions brought to the country up through the late nineteenth century by immigrants from many European nations. These programs were sometimes managed within the auspices of organized religious institutions but were also found among the ad hoc efforts of religiously-motivated individuals. This study analyzes how the religious traditions of Catholicism, Judaism, and Protestantism established and maintained institutions of all sizes along the lines of faith-based dogma and their relationship to American cultural influences in the Midwest cities of Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh during the period of 1880-1930. These influences included: the close ties between (or constructive indifference exhibited by) the secular and sectarian stakeholders involved in child-welfare efforts, the daily needs of children of immigrants orphaned by parental disease, death, or desertion, and the rising influence of social welfare professionals and proponents of the foster care system.

Committee: Mark Raider Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Yaakov Ariel Ph.D. MA (2) BA (Committee Member); Maura O'Connor Ph.D. (Committee Member); David Stradling Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: American History

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2019, Antioch New England: Environmental Studies

Since the beginning of agriculture, seeds have been cultivated, saved, and exchanged by farmers each year to ensure the success of future crops adapted to local environments. Yet, over ninety percent of our diverse vegetable and fruit crop varieties have been lost due to the industrialization and commercialization of seeds. Industrial agriculture has caused a great homogenization of crop varieties, but locally adapted seeds and their seed savers do still exist on the fringe, and across the world. There is a small but growing body of research on agri-food networks in Western and developing countries where advocates are working to continue and/or redevelop a stock of locally adapted seed in order to better serve humanity's needs in light of the effects of climate change and corporate interests. Using Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this dissertation explores the seed as it exists within different agri-food networks. First, I explain ANT through a review of agri-food studies literature that utilizes this unique "theoro-methodology." Next, I investigate how the seed exists within traditional, modern alternative, and industrial agricultural networks in order to discover the effects that emerge from actor interactions with the seed in these networks. I then put this knowledge to use in an on-site research project where I conduct an ANT investigation of the Ridge & Hollow Seed Alliance network, located in southeastern Ohio. Important network effects that I discover include saved seed, profit, survival, and what I call "resilience knowledge" - knowledge that is gained at the margins of our food system, outside of the hegemonic industrial agriculture complex. Social-ecological resilience knowledge is being created through local food networks (and especially those that include seed saving and exchange). People, plants, and things - actors in these networks - are creating important resilience memories that might assist the local food movement in establishing itself as a viable alt (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Alesia Maltz Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jean Kayira Ph.D. (Committee Member); Theresa Moran Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Agriculture; Environmental Studies

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), University of Dayton, 2019, Mechanical Engineering

Cost effective energy efficiency improvements in residential buildings could yield annual electricity savings of approximately 30 percent within this sector for the United States. Furthermore, such investment can create millions of direct and indirect jobs throughout the economy. Unfortunately, realizing these savings is difficult. One of the impediments for realization is the means by which savings can be estimated. The prevalent approach is to use energy models to estimate. However, actual energy savings are more often than not over-predicted by energy models, leading to wariness on the part of potential investors which include the residents themselves. A driver for this research is 500 residential buildings with known geometrical and historical energy data owned by the University of Dayton. Further, the energy characteristics of these buildings are knowable. This housing stock offers significant diversity in size (ranging from a floor area of 715to 2800 square feet), age (from the early 1900s to new construction) and energy effectiveness, the latter occurring as a result of gradual improvements made to residences over the past 15 years. In the summer of 2015 energy and building data audits were conducted on a subset of 139 homes. The audit documented the areas of the walls and attic, the amount and type of insulation in the walls and attic, areas and types of windows, floor heights, maximum occupancy, appliance (refrigerator, range, oven) specifications, heating ventilation air-conditioning system specifications domestic hot water equipment specifications, interior attic penetration area, and the presence of a basement. A data mining approach was used for developing the Random Forest (RF) model to predict energy consumption in a group of single family houses based upon knowledge of residential energy characteristics, historical energy consumption, occupancy and building geometrical data, as well as inferred energy characteristics from energy consumption dat (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kevin Hallinan Ph.D (Advisor); Robert Brecha Ph.D (Committee Member); Andrew Chiasson Ph.D (Committee Member); Jun- Ki Choi Ph.D (Committee Member) Subjects: Economics; Energy; Mechanical Engineering

Master of Science (M.S.), University of Dayton, 2018, Mechanical Engineering

Prior research has shown that occupant behavior in residences accounts for nearly 50% of the energy consumption. It has also emphasized the need to strengthen the interdisciplinary focus on human dimensions of energy use in order to drive energy reduction. In this context, a behavior energy reduction study has been conducted on over 400 single-family, detached residences located in the Midwest of the US, all owned by a local university, and with a typical occupancy of 4-6 students. The housing set analyzed includes a diversity of houses, with construction years ranging from the early 1900s to current with wide variation in energy efficiency characteristics. For this study, historical energy data spanning the prior two academic years was used to construct predictive energy models for each residence. These models were used as baselines for the present study, offering a means to predict energy use for new weather conditions, thus providing a basis for comparison to actual use during any meter period. For this study, energy report cards were generated each month, including grades for electrical, gas, and overall energy consumption and delivered to each resident of all houses every month. The report cards also documented energy and carbon savings, both for individual residences and the totality of residences. It also identified the top performing residences and provided the most important behavioral energy reduction strategies for any months. Winning houses received Energy GPA champion T-shirts to advertise the initiative and engender competitive desire. Energy savings of 7.8% in natural gas and 5.2% electrical energy was achieved. Moreover, a statistical comparison of the best and worst performing residences enabled estimation of potential behavioral energy reduction throughout the entirety of the housing set.

Committee: Kevin Hallinan Dr. (Advisor); Andrew Chiasson Dr. (Committee Member); Jun-Ki Choi Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Energy; Engineering; Mechanical Engineering

PHD, Kent State University, 2017, College of Public Health

Introduction: Up to 29.5% of U.S. adults are physically inactive. Physical inactivity is associated with excess mortality and morbidity and may contribute an estimated $131 billion in health care expenditures annually. Exercise prescriptions and referrals are an economical solution to physical inactivity, and several health care provider associations and proposed government policy initiatives support adoption of exercise prescriptions. Yet as few as 14% of primary care providers prescribe exercise or make exercise referrals. The purpose of this pilot study is to identify provider characteristics, knowledge, perceived barriers, practices, and needs related to place-based exercise prescription and referral to exercise either at a specific location, or to an exercise professional. Methods: An 88-item questionnaire was developed and administered electronically and in paper format to alumni of a university's nurse practitioner program and two hospital systems' networks of primary care physicians and nurse practitioners. Descriptive statistics were generated regarding clinical practices related to patient exercise and providers' perceived needs related to exercise prescription and referral. Factor analysis was conducted to identify underlying constructs. Bivariate analyses were utilized to identify variables significantly related to exercise prescription and referral. A binomial logistic regression was performed to determine factors related to whether or not providers refer patients to place-based exercise. Results: Responses were received from 166 providers; 61.5% were female, 86.9% were white. Respondents' specialties were: family medicine (20.6%), internal medicine (27.8%), nurse practitioner (29.4%), and other (22.2%). Overall, 14.8% of providers prescribe exercise to at least some of their patients and 54.3% refer patients to specific exercise locations or professionals. Almost 90% ask about patient exercise, 64.3% document patient exercise, and 20.8% assess (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Sonia Alemagno (Committee Chair); Jeffrey Hallam (Committee Member); Jonathan VanGeest (Committee Member) Subjects: Health; Health Care; Health Sciences; Public Health; Public Policy

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1993, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Economics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1972, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Economics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1965, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Home Economics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2014, Human Ecology: Family Resource Management

With increasing income uncertainty during the Great Recession, many households might have had difficulty in projecting future income changes. Ideally, a household should consider lifetime wealth and the distinction between transitory and permanent income changes in making saving decisions, but during the Great Recession it was probably very difficult for households to identify which income changes were transitory. Gain-loss utility based on prospect theory assumes that household inter-temporal decisions are determined not only by current or permanent income but also by their own expectations or assessment about income and income uncertainty in the first period. In this study, how households' perception of their past and future income compared to reference points in the first period and how households' perception of their income uncertainty change affect saving decisions in the second period and between the periods were examined with estimates of future income change. Saving decisions were tested based on relative gain and loss utility using loss aversion theory of consumption and a two period model. Possible asymmetric saving responses between positive and negative changes in reference dependent income and uncertainty were also analyzed. The 2007 and 2009 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) panel dataset was used. Both total and subsamples were analyzed based on the expected income change measure to identify possible asymmetry of saving in response to a set of reference dependent income and uncertainty variables, such as deviation from normal income, expected income change, and income uncertainty change, as well as the effect on saving measured in two ways, savings between 2007 and 2009 and whether or not saved in 2009. This study found a set of reference dependent income and uncertainty variables had significant effects on saving decisions of households and asymmetric saving responses between negative and positive changes in those variables. H (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kathryn Stafford (Advisor); Sherman Hanna (Committee Member); Robert Scharff (Committee Member) Subjects: Home Economics

Master of Science in Engineering (MSEgr), Wright State University, 2014, Electrical Engineering

Residential air-conditioning systems pre-dominantly have single phase compressors and the new technology in use is Ultratech scroll compressors capable of running at partial and full capacity levels using electro-mechanical controls allowing for staged and more efficient operation based on system load conditions. This project is to look at electronic methods to obtain two-speed control to duplicate the Ultratech compressor and evaluate the performance of the control options. A triac control scheme is designed for worst case assuming maximum load conditions of compressor in an air-conditioning system. The control schemes are prototype tested on single phase motor and compressor motor for power, harmonics and efficiency analysis. The best scheme is tested on various operating points on compressor and compared to a performance of the Ultratech compressor. Optional control schemes and new performance parameters are also identified for future enhancements.

Committee: Marian K. Kazimierczuk Ph.D. (Advisor); Fred D. Garber Ph.D. (Committee Member); Yan Zhuang Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Electrical Engineering

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2013, Environment and Natural Resources

Use of plant-based ingredients (PBI) to feed farmed fish is limited because of anti-nutritional factors and limiting amino acids especially lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) which are the first limiting indispensable amino acids (IDAA) in plant sources. As one of the strategies to increase the limited use of PBI, we hypothesized that “interchangeable imbalanced-balanced feeding strategy” of IDAA with limited and complementary diets would increase the utilization efficiency of limiting amino acids. This feeding strategy of nutrient intake may in fact be similar to the situation in nature, where animals acquire food from different sources containing complementary nutrients. Diverse food sources may satisfy the nutritional requirement of animals in nature. This study addressed the effect of dietary level of limiting IDAA in relation to alternative feed sources and feeding strategies in Atlantic salmon juveniles. Four sub-objectives were addressed to accept or reject the hypothesis of: the essentiality and interaction of dietary lysine and methionine supplements in Atlantic salmon alevins (Chapter 2); the effect of dietary methionine concentrations, and evaluation of feeding strategies alternating methionine delivery with imbalanced IDAA (insufficient or enriched in methionine) and complete IDAA diets (Chapter 3); investigation of the efficiency of methionine under an alternative feeding strategy for practical diet and to determine the maximum use of soybean meals in Atlantic salmon starter diet (Chapter 4); and examination of the effect of dietary methionine deficiency on the activity of digestive enzymes that are critical in early life stages of fish (Chapter 5). In chapter 2, fish alevins (160±4 mg) at the swim-up stage were randomly distributed into eighteen tanks at a density of 44 fish/tank (3 replicates) at 15°C in a semi-recirculation system. A casein-gelatin (CG) based, semi-purified diet was formulated (control) and four free amino acid (AA) diets that replac (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Konrad Dabrowski (Advisor) Subjects: Animals; Aquaculture