MA, Kent State University, 2019, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Psychological Sciences

I examined tracking accuracy and mean-level bias in people's perceptions of their romantic partner's approach and avoidance sacrifice motives, various global and daily differences that may shed light on why some people may have more accurate perceptions than others, and possible consequences of bias on daily relationship outcomes. Using a sample of 94 couples (N = 188) and data from both daily diaries and intake measures, I found evidence of tracking accuracy in perceptions of avoidance sacrifice motives; however, tracking accuracy for approach sacrifice motives was only significant for those with above average levels of need for cognition. I found evidence of mean-level bias, such that people tended to consistently underperceive their partner's sacrifice motives and those with above average emotional intelligence underperceived their partner's avoidance sacrifice motives more, while those who were more responsive on a given day reported less underperception of partner approach sacrifice motives. Further, there was a trending association between lower underperception of avoidance sacrifice motives and greater daily relationship satisfaction. These results demonstrate that accuracy and bias are simultaneously present in people's perceptions of a romantic partner's approach and avoidance sacrifice motives, specifically that accuracy and bias may occasionally depend on specific individual differences.

Committee: Judith Gere (Advisor) Subjects: Social Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, Greek and Latin

This dissertation explores myths from cultures of the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean that depict gods performing sacrifice and gods as the victims of sacrifice. The author investigates how the motif of divine sacrifice or ritualized deities is connected to aitiologies of sacrifice and the typology of dying and rising gods. The author situates the myths within a historical framework of cultural exchange in the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean to show how different cultures in contact adapted and creatively reworked myths about gods involved in sacrifice. The author begins with a new reading of the Mesopotamian story of Atrahasis and shows through an analysis of Mesopotamian ritual texts that the slaughter of the god Ilawela in Atrahasis should be interpreted as the first sacrifice, which results in the creation of humans who then provide offerings to the gods. The author then uses the Hebrew Bible as a case study to show how the theme of sacrifice and anthropogeny was adapted by a neighboring culture. Then, with a close reading of Hesiod's myth of Prometheus and Pandora and the Greek story of the flood preserved by Pseudo-Apollodoros, the author argues that Greek authors borrowed the Mesopotamian motif of sacrifice and anthropogeny and adapted it to fit Greek theology. Next, in an investigation of the fragmentary Phoenician myth of Melqart, the author offers a new reading of the myth about the attempted sacrifice of Herakles recorded by Herodotos and argues that the historian preserves a Greek adaptation of the myth of the sacrifice of Melqart, who was syncretized with Herakles by the fifth-century BCE. The author then reads the Phoenician myth of the sacrifice of the infant god Ieoud, preserved by the Roman period author Philo of Byblos, as an adaptation of the pattern of a dying and rising god known from the Ugaritic myth of Baal, the historical antecedent of Melqart. Accordingly, the author shows how Philo's myth of Ieoud provides crucial information for reconst (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Carolina López-Ruiz (Advisor); Fritz Graf (Committee Member); Sam Meier (Committee Member) Subjects: Biblical Studies; Classical Studies; Near Eastern Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1986, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Religion

Doctor of Education , University of Dayton, 2023, Educational Administration

Within the context of white-dominant workplaces, research shows that Black women experience various levels of visibility ranging from invisibility to hypervisibility. These variances often cause them to result in utilizing them as tactics to negotiate their identities to fit the organization's needs. This research explores this negotiation and the costs, benefits, and sacrifices that occur when Black women participate in identity negotiation. By analyzing their lived experiences through the use of critical participatory action research along with a critical phenomenology approach, this research frames the intersection between visibility, whiteness, and the impacts of experiencing a culture that promotes the need for Black women to give up pieces of themselves at the expense of their agency and authenticity.

Committee: Corinne Brion, Ph.D (Advisor); Edith Gnanadass, Ph.D (Committee Member); Pamela Young, Ph.D (Committee Member) Subjects: African American Studies; African Americans; Organization Theory; Womens Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2021, East Asian Languages and Literatures

This dissertation theorizes a fourfold interpretative model through examining a major ethnic minority document from southwest China—Chronicles of Southwest Yi (Xinan Yi zhi, hereafter as The Chronicles). As a key text in understanding Yi written tradition from western Guizhou province, the document is difficult to access due to a decline in the number of native transmitters, the lack of a theoretical toolkit to unlock the content of the text, and prejudice against oral-connected texts written in unfamiliar genres on the part of some scholars. Building upon past Yi scholarship, genre theories, and epic studies, this project offers doable approaches to deciphering what is intended by the multiple generations of tradition-bears: 1) treating the translated volumes as a corpus to study the language thoroughly, 2) connecting the verses with information that can help uninitiated readers appreciate the artistry of the text, 3) taking into account consensuses reached by modern-day scholars to situate the text in its textual network, and 4) keeping track of afterlives and ramifications of traditional lore and voicing opportunities opened up by contemporary media. Besides methodological innovations, the dissertation also testifies The Chronicles as an encyclopedic compendium and reliable cultural-historical records.

Committee: Mark Bender (Advisor); Patricia Sieber (Committee Member); Dorothy Noyes (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient Civilizations; Ancient Languages; Archaeology; Asian Literature; Comparative Literature; Cultural Anthropology; Folklore; Linguistics; Minority and Ethnic Groups; Religion

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2019, Management

The personal sustainability of a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) influences their effectiveness and thus, their organization's performance. Leaders whose personal mission is too closely intertwined with their organization's professional mission are at the most risk of experiencing diminished sustainability; defined as personal wellbeing and professional effectiveness over time. Suggestions have been made on combatting the issue, but the phenomenon of low sustainability persists among nonprofit leaders. Through studying nonprofit organization leaders, the purpose of this research is to elevate and preserve the personal wellbeing of nonprofit organization leaders while contributing to a growing body of knowledge on professional effectiveness. Using mixed methods, a qualitative study was followed by a quantitative study at two time periods. Critical incident interviews for the qualitative study were conducted with twenty "sustainable" and ten "unsustainable" CEOs of diverse nonprofit organizations, as identified by trusted third party raters. Interviews were also conducted with fifteen spouses. A true focus on the organization's mission, mastery over relationships, and self-care significantly differentiated the sustainable and unsustainable CEOs. Building off those findings, 107 nonprofit executive directors and CEOs were administered a survey in the quantitative study combining the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Avolio, Bass, & Jung, 1999), Personal Sustainability Index (Goleman, Boyatzis, & McKee, 2013), Relational Climate Survey (Boyatzis & Rochford, 2015), Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, 1984), and Reputational Effectiveness Survey (Tsui, 1994). Portions were administered to the spouse and a direct report for validation. Personal sustainability practices, both the intensity and variety of renewal activities engaged in by leaders in relation to stressful activities, had a positive impact on leadership effectiveness. The qualitative survey was also take (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Richard Boyatzis Ph.D. (Committee Chair); David Aron MD, MS (Committee Member); Christopher Burant Ph.D., MACTM (Committee Member); Melvin Smith Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Sciences; Business Administration; Health; Management

Licentiate in Sacred Theology (S.T.L.), University of Dayton, 2017, International Marian Research Institute

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Committee: Bertrand Buby S.M. (Committee Chair) Subjects: Biblical Studies; Religion; Theology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2015, Near Eastern Languages and Cultures

This dissertation looks at the ways in which the Tannaitic Sages portrayed and discussed non-Jewish ritual. Although this has been traditionally characterized as “idolatry,” this dissertation argues that that is not a category which would have been applied by the Sages of the Mishnah, Tosefta and the Tannaitic Midrashim. In fact, the Sages did not consider worship of avodah zarah, as it is called in this text, as something which was wholly different from their own ritual. The Tannaitic Sages conceived of non-Jewish ritual and Jewish ritual to be part of a single category of ritual. This category ultimately derived from the ritual practices of the Jerusalem Temple, which meant that rituals which were performed outside of that context were sacrilege and an affront to the God of Israel. It was precisely the similarities, rather than the differences, between Jewish and non-Jewish ritual which gave the Tannaitic Sages pause. These similarities, however, also gave the Sages tools for controlling non-Jewish ritual. They did this through a quest for plausible contexts for non-Jewish ritual behavior. Through establishing these contexts, the Tannaitic Sages are able to control what does and does not qualify as the worship of avodah zarah.

Committee: Michael Swartz (Advisor); Sarah Johnston (Committee Member); Sam Meier (Committee Member); Daniel Frank (Committee Member); Lynn Kaye (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient Languages; Judaic Studies; Religion

Master of Arts (M.A.), University of Dayton, 2014, Psychology, Clinical

The concept of self-silencing was originally developed by Jack (1991) to explain cultural influences on how women should behave within their interpersonal relationships and why women are more likely to than men to experience clinically relevant levels of depression. Jack and Dill (1992) created the Silencing the Self Scale (STSS), which consists of four subscales, to test their hypotheses regarding gender differences in self-silencing and depression. Research has shown that there is a common link between self-silencing and depression among women (Gratch, Bassett, & Attra, 1995; Uebelacker, Courtnage, & Whissman, 2003; Whiffen, Foot, & Thompson, 2007). The relationship between self-silencing and depression has been more difficult to explain amongst men. Previous studies have found gender acted as a moderator between self-silencing, specifically on the Care as Self-Sacrifice subscale (CSS) of the STSS, and depression. The current study attempted to replicate and explain the moderation effect found in Lutz-Zois et al. (2013). Participants (N= 135) completed six measures including three measures to examine self-silencing behaviors, as well as a depression measure and relationship satisfaction measure. The results indicated no significant interaction between gender and scores on the CSS. A moderated-mediation model was constructed to understand potential relationships between the CSS, gender, relationship satisfaction, and depression. However, the interactions predicted within the model were not significant. Researchers have hypothesized that men self-silence for different reasons than women, such that self-silencing can help establish control and power within their relationship or to avoid experiencing unpleasant emotions (Smolak, 2010; Remen, Chambless & Rodebaugh, 2002). Therefore, this researcher constructed two additional measures using items on the STSS in attempt to identify under what specific conditions do men self-silence. I hypothesized that gender would act a (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Catherine Lutz-Zois Dr. (Advisor); John Bauer Dr. (Committee Member); Lee Dixon Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Psychology

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2014, Economics

This paper provides an empirical examination of the observed use of two technologies that foster commitment (Sacrifice and Stigma (S&S); Social Service Provision (SSP)) to explain the incidence of terrorism. Proxies for these technologies were identified to evaluate the existence of such a link at the country-level. The cross-sectional analysis in this paper is consistent with the conclusions expressed in the extant theoretical literature that the commitment inducement (or identification) theory could be correct. Specifically, 3 out of the 4 proxies for S&S were robust predictors of terrorism and 6 out of the 7 proxies for both S&S and SSP were significant predictors of overall violence at the .01 level. These findings suggest that radical religious sects are remarkably successful in the production of coordinated violence and (when suitable) terrorist activity due to their exceptional ability to form a coalition of highly committed members.

Committee: George Davis (Advisor); Prosper Raynold (Committee Member); Jing Li (Committee Member) Subjects: Economics

Master of Arts (M.A.), University of Dayton, 2014, Psychology, Clinical

Self-sacrifice is just one of the many behaviors one can engage in in order to appease his or her partner. However, there is variation across individuals in how satisfying this behavior is. Past research has found that satisfaction with self-sacrifice moderates the association between self-sacrifice and relationship satisfaction; a positive relationship exists between these constructs for those who are more satisfied with self-sacrificing. The goal of the current study was to examine what potential factors could impact one's satisfaction with self-sacrifice, thus influencing the relationship between sacrificing behaviors and relationship satisfaction. While this study did not produce the desired results in terms of replicating past research or showing that an anxious attachment style has an impact on satisfaction with self-sacrifice, one of the correlates of an anxious attachment style, rejection sensitivity, was shown to be significantly related to one's satisfaction with self-sacrifice.

Committee: Lee Dixon Ph.D. (Advisor); Catherine Lutz-Zois Ph.D. (Committee Member); Jackson Goodnight Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology

BA, Oberlin College, 1981, English

In part, this study is a response to a frightening reality-- humans acting to take human life. It is an attempt to understand better how, why and when that act is deemed holy. It is an examination of ritual sacrifice, its symbolic structure, its use and its perversions in two very different dramatic works, the Brome version of the medieval Abraham and Isaac and David Rudkin's modern, British Afore Night. In respect for the eldest, I begin with the former.

Committee: Robert Pierce (Advisor) Subjects: Literature

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2011, Environmental Studies (Arts and Sciences)

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a prevalent legacy of coal mining within Appalachia. Streams receiving AMD effluent are drastically altered both chemically and biologically. Hewett Fork, a stream in southeastern Ohio, is one such affected stream. Although treatment methods have reduced acidity considerably downstream, the ability of Hewett Fork to sustain a biological community compared to those found in reference conditions remains unclear. To assess this, tiles colonized with diatom assemblages from an unimpacted stream were transplanted into Hewett Fork along a stream health gradient, from poor to good, and sampled after one, three, and six weeks in the treated stream. Chlorophyll a concentrations and species diversity metrics were calculated to compare reference assemblages to transplanted assemblages. Results suggested that after an initial one week acclimation period, assemblages at the uppermost and lowermost sites along the reach were relatively similar to those found in reference conditions, while sites within the middle region continued to show signs of impairment, although the factor(s) causing this impairment remain unknown. These findings suggest that although treatment has been effective on a site-specific basis, the expected linear-response to treatment may not be achieved due to underlying factors that are inhibiting reference-like biological communities from reestablishing within the affected stream reach.

Committee: Morgan Vis PhD (Advisor); Kelly Johnson PhD (Committee Member); Brian McCarthy PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Aquatic Sciences; Biology; Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Science; Environmental Studies; Freshwater Ecology; Natural Resource Management; Water Resource Management

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2007, Leadership and Change

He is underpaid and overworked, his organization lives from payroll to payroll with an overtaxed and underpowered staff and a contentious board of directors. He sacrifices for the mission, but is frustrated about forgone personal dreams. He is George Bailey, the central character in Frank Capra's film It's a Wonderful Life and he practices Leadership for Good by being a mission centered, visionary, results driven, and adaptive difference maker. Through a construct-building non-generalizable mixed methods study with two concurrent, but independent phases—instrumental case study and Delphi—this study searched for real-life Baileys, to test whether or not Leadership for Good extends beyond the silver screen, to see whether or not life imitates art. The results supported all five propositions, although certain elements within the propositions were refuted and new elements substantiated. In addition to gaining a deeper understanding of the Leadership for Good construct, enriching the literature about nonprofit leadership, and reinforcing the usefulness of mixed methods research including Delphi technique, the study suggested that there were two primary types of leaders—those with a bias for growth and those with a bias for execution—who delivered equally superior financial results to the bottom line. As part of this finding, it appeared that these leaders practiced situational leadership in the here-and-now, but used contingency leadership over the long run to gravitate to preferred contexts—growth or execution—that corresponded roughly to periods of evolution and revolution. Other implications of the study were the reinforcement of the centrality of mission at the personal and organization levels, a more comprehensive understanding about what causes stress for those who practice Leadership for Good, and the ways in which leaders think about change. The electronic version of the dissertation is accessible at the OhioLINK ETD center http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/.

Committee: Jon Wergin (Advisor) Subjects: