Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2013, Political Science

My dissertation begins with a simple question “Why international rivalries persist over time?” To explain the causes, I develop “a modified two-level game approach” to rivalry maintenance and test the hypotheses drawn from the explanation for the populations of international rivalries, 1819-2001. The approach postulates that the rivalry maintenance is the result of combination of structural constraints-e.g., security linkage between rivalries and great powers, and the constraint from domestic veto players-plus leaders' optimization behavior subject to the constraints. At the international level, the approach suggests that the security tie between rivalries and great powers creates a broad external constraint under which the leaders in rivalries cannot resolve their contentious relations on the battlefields. At the domestic level, the heightened partisan infighting between competing veto players creates an internal constraint under which the leaders might be prevented from resolving the rivalries at negotiation tables. These two-level constraints dramatically increase the leaders' costs of ending rivalries and encourage them to maintain rivalries. My empirical analysis provides considerable support for the argument. The finding offers contribution to the enhanced understanding of the maintenance process in international rivalries.

Committee: Randall Schweller (Committee Chair); Bear Braumoeller (Committee Member); Daniel Verdier (Committee Member) Subjects: Political Science

Undergraduate Honors Program, Malone University, 2023, Honors Thesis

High school football rivalries are a quintessential part of adolescence and community life, although they are not often the focus of academic scholarship. This paper seeks to fill that void. Rivalries exist throughout the United States, but of focus is one of the most storied rivalries in Ohio between two perennial football state champions: Saint Ignatius High School and St. Edward High School. Saint Ignatius High School, an all-boy Catholic high school founded in 1886, is located in Cleveland's Ohio City neighborhood. St. Edward High School, situated in the nearby suburb of Lakewood and founded in 1949, is the second all-boys Catholic school in this classic rivalry. In 1952, the young football program for the St. Edward Eagles faced off against the much more experienced Saint Ignatius Wildcats on the gridiron for the first time. It was the first game in the rivalry – a rivalry that would bring together what could feel like the entire West Side of Cleveland for the yearly match-up. The annual game, played at least once a year every year since 1971, creates an atmosphere of high school football that few other high school football rivalries match. Details and outcomes of the games remain vivid in the memories of players and fans alike for generations, as fathers, sons, nephews, and friends replenish collective memory banks when they take their places on the field or in the bleachers. Alumni from both schools carry their reminiscences everywhere – from local boardrooms to conversations with passers-by in a grocery store. There is a sense of pride and purpose that continues from generation to generation, and the game, the rivalry, and the storied history spills over into every area of life. The players, the fans, and alumni celebrate each year's victory and vow to avenge any loss when the next match-up is scheduled. Such is the intensity of the competitiveness that exists between the St. Edward Eagles and the Saint Ignatius Wildcats. And this rivalry is rath (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jacalynn Stuckey (Advisor); Mark Bankert (Committee Member); Scott Waalkes (Committee Member) Subjects: History; Recreation; Sports Management

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2013, Business Administration

This dissertation is comprised of in depth analysis on the broader topic of corporate innovation strategy, which identifies the mechanisms of how firms' factor market strategies shape product market strategies and consequent economic performance. The first chapter builds mathematical models, which show the performance implications of research and development (R&D) mode choices in connection with product market entry strategies. The second essay looks at the economic outcomes of the combination of various choices regarding R&D mode, time-to-market, and product innovativeness based on the pharmaceutical firms' new drug development data. The final essay investigates a fundamental question of this dissertation, specifically, how firms evolve their factor market and product market strategies in response to rivals' actions. Existing studies on the factor market strategy emphasize the use of an appropriate form for R&D to obtain high economic performance (Williamson, 1979). Research on the product market strategy, on the other hand, focuses primarily on the implementation of effective entry strategies to obtain high performance (Lieberman and Montgomery, 1989). Although numerous existing studies have found interesting implications regarding factor market or product market strategies, little effort has been made to reconcile these two types of the corporate innovation strategy. This dissertation investigates the simultaneous effects of factor and product market strategies on economic performance. In the models of this dissertation, firms can choose an R&D mode between in-house and in-license as part of their factor market strategies. For product market strategies, firms can decide on the timing of their new product introduction and the performance of the new products. This dissertation creates these choice sets and examines which choice set leads firms to obtain the highest economic performance. Moreover, a theoretical framework is provided, which explains how both factor m (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jay Anand (Advisor); Jay Barney (Committee Co-Chair); Ashton Hawk (Committee Member); Sharon James (Committee Member) Subjects: Business Administration

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2022, Political Science

Can an individual's personal goals impact a state's foreign policy? Grandiose narcissism provides a pathway to understanding how personality can impact a leader's preferences, decision-making, and foreign policy behavior. More narcissistic leaders will focus their efforts on maintaining their inflated self-image rather than on furthering their political survival prospects or state interests. I argue that to maintain their inflated self-image, narcissistic leaders will act-out opposite their political circle's reputation in foreign policy, behave dramatically during international conflicts, and engage in more Great Power conflict. This dissertation evaluates these claims by using a variety of quantitative and qualitative methods. Survey experiments with a general population sample are used to find micro-foundational support for hypotheses. Case studies and statistical analysis are used to investigate grandiose narcissism's impact on United States presidents' foreign policy decision-making and behavior from 1897-2008. Analysis finds that grandiose narcissism, a dispositional leader-level variable, is related to the frequency of international conflict, behavior during international conflict, and the targets of international conflict.

Committee: Richard Herrmann (Committee Chair); Christopher Gelpi (Committee Member); Randall Schweller (Committee Member); Amy Brunell (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations; Personality; Personality Psychology; Political Science; Psychology; Social Psychology

Master of Arts (M.A.), Xavier University, 2019, Psychology

The current study investigated the effects of competitive climate and rivalry intensity on instigated incivility. It was proposed that rivalry intensity would mediate the relationship between competitive climates and instigated incivility. Across a two-part study, participants with rivals were recruited via MTurk and assessed on their perceptions of competitive climate, rivalry intensity, instigated incivility, trait competitiveness, and work self-efficacy. Findings indicated that competitive work climates were positively related to instigated incivility, whereas competitive climates based on individual competitiveness were positively related to rivalry intensity. Additionally, findings indicated that rivalry intensity did not mediate the relationship between competitive climate and instigated incivility, and rivalry intensity was not related to instigated incivility. The study also explored the moderating relationship of trait competitiveness on competitive climates and rivalry intensity and the moderating relationship of self-efficacy on rivalry intensity and instigated incivility. Both moderation analyses were nonsignificant. Findings from this study provide evidence that not all competitive climates influence employees to engage in uncivil behaviors. Because rivalry is a largely unstudied phenomenon, understanding the antecedents to rivalry development can aid organizations in preventing the negative behaviors associated with rivalry relationships.

Committee: Mark Nagy Dr. (Advisor); Dalia Diab Dr. (Committee Member); Morrie Mullins Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2017, Art History (Fine Arts)

Forging reputations as the greatest women artists of their generation, Mary Cassatt and Cecilia Beaux embodied the autonomous, ambitious, and complex characteristics that came to represent the New Woman at the turn of the nineteenth century. Their comparable levels of success as well as their conflicting ideologies concerning the role of feminine expression in art resulted in a personal and professional rivalry. Shifting the debate away from which of these women was the superior artist, scholars have begun to dispute the social and symbolic implications of their work in an effort to determine which artist proved to be the exemplary feminist. Utilizing inferences drawn from autobiographical and primary sources, secondary sources, and iconographic and semiotic analysis, this study explores the divergent impact of Mary Cassatt and Cecilia Beaux's work as visual manifestations of the New Woman, their diverse but equally significant contributions to the equal rights movement and the professionalization of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century woman artist.

Committee: Jody Lamb (Advisor); Marilyn Bradshaw (Committee Member); Sara Harrington (Committee Member) Subjects: Art History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1957, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Psychology

M.M., University of Cincinnati, 2013, College-Conservatory of Music: Music History

The [in]famous rivalry between Renata Tebaldi and Maria Callas is part of a long tradition of diva competition and comparison. This thesis examines the historiography of prime donne and their feuds and then explores in turn the major components of this diva rivalry: the women's public careers, their personal lives, and their depictions in media. Though the popular image of the two posits that Callas and Tebaldi were in direct competition for roles but strikingly different offstage, the facts suggest that they were far more similar in personality than generally acknowledged and that their repertoires had little overlap and thus sparse motive for direct professional conflict than widely assumed. I argue that much of the common knowledge about Callas and Tebaldi is the result of preconceived expectations and skewed representations rather than reality.

Committee: Jeongwon Joe Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Mark Gibson M.M. (Committee Member); Jonathan Kregor Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Music

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2011, History

This thesis explores the roles played by the Mboya-Kennedy students' airlifts of 1959-1961 both domestically and internationally. While the students' airlifts contributed to the cultivation of good relations between the United States of America and Kenya, it helped determine the course of Kenyan domestic politics with lasting impact. The study revealed that the airlifts program contributed to the fall-out amongst the first crop of Kenyan politicians and consequently, ethnic rivalries between the Kikuyu and the Luo which persists today especially in the political arena. Newspaper articles, archival materials, autobiographies, memoirs, US State Department records and oral interviews were used. This study's contribution is two –fold. At the domestic level, it initiates a conversation on the effects the airlift program had on ethnic rivalries and Kenyan politics. At the international level, it advances the scholarly conversation on the change of US foreign policies in the early 1960s on the issue of race not only within the United States, but also internationally.

Committee: Allan Winkler PhD (Advisor); Amanda McVety PhD (Committee Member); Andrew Cayton PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: African History

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2007, Psychology/Clinical

In this study I examined sibling aggression from an evolutionary perspective. College students were primed for either a sibling or best friend relationship. The presence of underlying mechanisms associated with aggression were assessed through a computer- mediated administration of a modified Stroop task, in which participants were asked to correctly identify the color of 20 aggressive and 20 non-aggressive words. Further assessment of underlying mechanisms associated with aggression was conducted through utilization of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Results indicate that being primed with a sibling or best friend relationship had no effect regarding the activation of underlying psychological mechanisms associated with aggression. Further findings indicate that exploratory variables such as sex of the participant and of the sibling, age-gap between siblings, and sibling status did not appear to influence mechanism activation. Discussion focuses on possible explanations regarding why expected results were not obtained.

Committee: Anne Gordon (Advisor) Subjects: Psychology, Clinical

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2013, Political Science (Arts and Sciences)

This thesis focuses on a special sphere of the bilateral relations between the US and China – the problematique of security rivalry under conditions of economic interdependence. This question is central to the theoretical dispute between realists and non-realists, including complex interdependence theorists, about what will dominate the international system in the future. While being mutually beneficial, bilateral trade involves a range of complicated processes related to the military sphere, energy resources, national welfare, and the environment. The main argument of this thesis is that these problems are unlikely to cause a major conflict between the current leader – the US – and the rising power – China. The interdependence that has developed through years between these two nations will minimize the possibility of conflict in both economic and military areas, and will prevent the outbreak of war. I further argue that both sides will make efforts to prevent any existing areas of tensions from affecting their relationship in general. In other words, there are grounds to believe that both countries will prefer to preserve the current state of affairs, and the rules of the game, which constitute the overall predominance of economic issues over security in the bilateral relations.

Committee: James Mosher (Advisor); Takaaki Suzuki (Committee Member); Andrew Ross (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations; Political Science

Master of Arts (MA), Wright State University, 2013, International and Comparative Politics

What best explains the democratic peace: empirical indicators of democracy or the mutual perceptions of democracy within a dyadic relationship? This paper will examine three enduring rivalry dyads: the United States-Great Britain, France-Germany, and India-Pakistan, during the course of their respective enduring rivalries (Bennett, 1997; Diehl and Goertz, 2000). Within each of these dyads, I will provide detailed case studies of two conflicts at different phases of democratization – six cases in total - in order to ascertain the answers to three questions: 1) What role, if any, did the democratic character of the individual governments play in the resolution of conflict between the dyadic members? 2) What role, if any, did perception of democratization, and the capability of securitization, play in the resolution of conflict between the dyadic members? 3) What role, if any, did other competing variables play in the resolution of conflict between the dyadic members?

Committee: Vaughn Shannon Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Liam Anderson Ph.D. (Committee Member); Pramod Kantha Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations; Peace Studies; Political Science