Psy. D., Antioch University, 2015, Antioch Seattle: Clinical Psychology

Attachment patterns, which tend to be stable over time, are passed from one generation to the next. Secure attachment has been linked to adaptive social functioning and has been identified as a protective factor against mental illness. The parents' state of mind with regard to attachment—as measured with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) (Main, Goldwyn, & Hesse, 2002)—predicts the attachment classification for the infant in Ainsworth's Strange Situation Procedure (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). Earned-secure individuals have overcome negative childhood experiences to achieve a secure state of mind in adulthood. Earned security, like continuous security, strongly predicts infant security in the next generation. Preoccupied anger is one of the main constructs measured in the AAI that may lead to classification of an insecure, preoccupied state of mind. The current study was an analysis of the narratives of eight individuals whose AAIs indicated mild to high scores for preoccupied anger. All of these individuals have spent considerable energy and resources in grappling with negative childhood experiences. Participants were interviewed regarding how their feelings changed over time and what, if any, events contributed to how their feelings changed. For most participants, the emergence of sustained subjective anger was reported in late adolescence, or even adulthood. Those whose transcripts were judged earned-secure at the time of the study were associated with narratives that indicated progressive gains in Hoffman's (2008) stages of empathy and Perry's (1968) scheme for intellectual and ethical development. Reappraisal was identified as a key emotional regulation strategy that contributed to security. Supports for executive function also featured as important factors in the attainment of therapeutic goals. Attachment researchers may be especially interested that Hoffman's stages emerged as a possible link between metacognitive processes for earned- and con (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Patricia Linn Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Alejandra Suarez Ph.D. (Committee Member); Judith Glass-Collins Ph.D., R.D.T., T.E.P. (Committee Member) Subjects: Behaviorial Sciences; Cognitive Psychology; Counseling Psychology; Developmental Psychology; Families and Family Life; Health; Health Sciences; Individual and Family Studies; Mental Health; Neurosciences; Personal Relationships; Personality; Personality Psychology; Psychological Tests; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Social Psychology; Social Work; Spirituality; Therapy

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2022, Psychology - Clinical

There is widespread recognition that level of personality functioning, defined in terms of quality of relationships with the self and others, impacts development toward positive adaptation or pathology (e.g., Bender, 2019). Affective expectations of the self, others, and the environment form in the context of attachment relationships in infancy and continue to develop over the course of the lifespan through ongoing transactions between individuals and their environments (Sroufe et al., 1999). This project examined associations between early childhood attachment security and adolescent personality functioning in a high-risk sample within a developmental psychopathology framework, taking into account transactional and cascade effects among separate but interrelated constructs – emotional and behavioral dysregulation, negative parenting attitudes and behaviors, and social competency – and across multiple levels of analysis – cellular, individual, and environmental. Data from 2,268 children (1165 male; 1103 female) and caregivers participating in Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS; Reichman et al., 2001), a longitudinal study following a high-risk cohort, were used to examine (1) the effect of genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) genes and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) attachment security and emotional and behavioral dysregulation in early childhood, (2) the longitudinal associations and transactional relationships among attachment security, dysregulation, negative parenting attitudes and behaviors, and social competence, and (3) the relationships among dysregulation, negative parenting attitudes and behaviors, and level of personality functioning in adolescence. Results revealed that ACEs was a significant predictor of attachment security at age three over and above sex or the genetic risk factors examined, and the gene x environment interaction did not increment prediction. Results of casc (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Gregory Meyer (Committee Chair); Kim Gratz (Committee Member); Matthew Tull (Committee Member); Kamala London (Committee Member); John Kurtz (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Developmental Psychology; Genetics; Psychology

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), Wright State University, 2022, School of Professional Psychology

Trauma-sensitive yoga (TSY) is an adjunctive trauma treatment paradigm that modifies a studio-style yoga class to make it more accessible for individuals who have experienced trauma. A core outcome of TSY practice is greater connection to one's physical body and ability to read one's own physical signals. Since individuals with chronic trauma often engage in body-based avoidant behaviors, such as self-harm, substance abuse, or dissociation, they may benefit from a treatment that promotes embodiment, such as TSY. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a therapy often used with individuals who have emotional reactivity resulting from trauma. However, DBT focuses on internal and cognitive processes that are different from those employed in yoga, suggesting these two treatments work via different mechanisms. A program was developed for individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder which formally integrates Trauma Center TSY, a protocolized yoga treatment for trauma, with DBT, so that clients can learn a wider array of skills to target trauma reactions. The integration of TSY and DBT modalities are likely to complement and enhance one another's effectiveness in treating chronically traumatized individuals through increased embodiment.

Committee: Wendy Dragon (Advisor); Michelle Schultz (Committee Member); Crystal Williams (Committee Member); David Emerson (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1963, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1959, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Sociology

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2016, Leadership and Change

Leadership scholar-practitioners must create a more sustainable, diverse, and equitable future, fostering emergence and development of resilient, competent leaders, including those who may have been previously overlooked. Leadership studies, particularly those situated in early trait and behavior paradigms, have long privileged extraverted leaders as ideal. The scholarly conversation is limited on introverted leaders; moreover, most of that literature depicts introversion as either a pathological construct associated with shyness and social anxiety, or includes introversion only by omission, as a state of deficit-of-extraversion. This study instead began with positive inquiry, framing introversion as a positive individual difference, and explored the lived experiences of introverted leaders. This research coalesced perspectives from positive psychology, positive identity at work, and positive organizational scholarship to inquire into introversion as a positive leadership construct. In this constructivist grounded theory study, leaders who identified as introverts and who reported introversion typology on the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®) were asked to reflect on their experiences of introversion, leadership identity development, and professional and personal pursuits. From the amassed data emerged three theoretical propositions. First, enacting leadership has significant costs for an introverted leader's energy and identity. Second, an introverted leader must adopt a conscious learning orientation to leadership development, including experimentation with possible leader identities. Third, effective introverted leadership is dependent on understanding the powerful intersectionality of introversion, relationship, and identity. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA, http://aura.antioch.edu/ and OhioLink ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink.edu/etd

Committee: Elizabeth Holloway PhD (Committee Chair); Laura Morgan Roberts PhD (Committee Member); Harriet Schwartz PhD (Committee Member); Sandie Turner PhD (Other) Subjects: Higher Education Administration; Organization Theory; Organizational Behavior; Personality; Personality Psychology; Social Research

PHD, Kent State University, 2014, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Psychological Sciences

Prescriptions for opioid painkillers increased from 40 million in 1991 to 257 million in 2009 and a significant increase in abuse of these medications has paralleled their greater availability (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2013). Although the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Graham, Ben-Porath, Tellegen, & Dahlstrom, 2001) is the most widely used clinical personality assessment instrument for addictions counselors working with adults (Juhnke, 2002), it contains no scale to specifically assist in assessing opioid use disorder. This study utilized MMPI-2 protocols produced by participants at a Midwestern court psychiatric clinic (n=1,545) to develop scales to aid in assessing opioid use disorder. The sample was split in half randomly, one half serving as a derivation sample (n=799) and the other as a cross-validation sample (n=742). Item selection for the 66-item rationally derived opioid scale was guided by characteristics of opioid abusers identified by literature review. Item selection for the 20-item empirically derived opioid scale resulted from chi-square analyses identifying MMPI-2 items that differentiated opioid abusers from those who abused other drugs or no drugs. Principal component analysis with oblique rotation was used to examine the factor structure of the empirically derived scale. Independent samples t-tests determined that only mean raw scores on the empirically derived opioid scale significantly differentiated among the two groups within the cross-validation sample. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses determined that the empirically derived opioid scale added incrementally to the existing MMPI-2 substance abuse scales in their ability to identify opioid abusers. Comparison of classification accuracies indicated that, compared with the MAC-R, AAS, and APS, the empirically derived opioid scale yielded the greatest overall classification hit rate (86%) and demonstrated particular utility in rul (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: John Graham (Committee Chair); Yossef Ben-Porath (Committee Member); John Updegraff (Committee Member); Donald Bubenzer (Committee Member); Richard Adams (Committee Member) Subjects: Mental Health; Personality; Personality Psychology; Psychological Tests; Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2004, Agricultural Education

Little research has been conducted that examines the learning style and personality type preferences of Extension Community Development Educators. This descriptive correlational study examines the relationship between learning style and personality type preferences of Extension Community Development program professionals in Ohio. In addition, the study explores the presence of relationships of learning style and personality type preferences to primary work assignment, length of tenure, academic major, educational attainment, age, and gender. More than 56 percent of the 67 Extension Community Development program professionals involved in this study favored a field dependent learning style, as measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT). The mean GEFT score for the sample was 10.40, below the national mean of 11.4. Females were more field dependent. Subjects with academic backgrounds in the physical sciences were more field independent. Subjects with longer tenure in Extension were more field dependent. Nearly 24 percent of study participants indicated a preference for the ISTJ personality type as measured by the Personal Style Inventory (PSI). Males were more than three times more likely to prefer gathering information using their senses (sensing). Twice the number of female subjects (18) preferred gathering information through use of their unconscious (intuition) over males (9). Males preferred reacting to information with logic (thinking). Females preferred reacting to information with personal reflection and consideration for others (feeling). There was a negligible level of association between learning style and personality type subscales. The GEFT and PSI were used to gather data from Ohio State University Extension Community Development program professionals that attended district-level program meetings, completed the instruments, and provided usable data. While study results were generalized only to those providing usable data, a sampling of non-respond (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jamie Cano (Advisor) Subjects: Education, Agricultural

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2007, Psychology (Arts and Sciences)

Current measures of sexual risk taking are either too narrowly focused to be used with college students or do not have adequate psychometric properties. The goal of the current study was to develop a broad and psychometrically sound measure of sexual risk taking. Three hundred and ten undergraduate students at a mid-sized Midwestern university were surveyed to develop and gather reliability and validity information on a new measure of sexual risk, the Sexual Risk Survey. Sex differences were also explored throughout the study. The measure was found to be multidimensional with five factors. The measure demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability as well as convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Although there were no sex differences in total sexual risk taking behaviors reported over the past 6 months, differences emerged in the variables that predicted sexual risk taking. Implications for these findings are discussed.

Committee: John Garske (Advisor) Subjects: