Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2019, History

The purpose of this study is to examine American nuclear policy toward the French and Chinese nuclear weapons programs between the years 1961 and 1976 in order to provide a comprehensive narrative utilizing two parallel case studies of bilateral American nuclear policies. This is accomplished by examining United States government documents obtained from the Foreign Relations of the United States series and the Cold War International History Project at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars according to a method of policy analysis based primarily on a six-step model developed by Garry D. Brewer and Peter deLeon. The thesis examines two case studies of bilateral nuclear policies between the United States and France and the People's Republic of China, characterizing the formation and enactment of each bilateral policy chronologically according to the six-step model in order to provide a fuller picture of the development of American nuclear policy during 1961-1976 than was possible for previous scholarship for which many of these documents remained unavailable. The study argues that US-Franco and US-Sino nuclear policies saw great changes between the Kennedy and Ford years. US officials explored using aid to the French nuclear weapons program to influence French foreign policy, but eventually severed US-Franco nuclear ties under the Johnson administration in response to Charles de Gaulle's increasing hostility toward the United States. Nixon officials reversed this policy and provided direct aid to de Gaulle's successors, eventually expanding aid under the Ford administration in order to shift French foreign policy in line with American interests. Conversely, American officials explored means to stop Chinese proliferation under Kennedy and Johnson, including preemptive American military action, but warmed to Chinese rapprochement by the end of the Johnson era. Nixon officials continued this rapprochement and unilaterally eased nuclear tensions by re (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Walter E. Grunden PhD (Advisor); Marc V. Simon PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History; International Relations; Military History; Modern History; Political Science; Science History

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2015, Arts Policy and Administration

This article identifies the policy change occurring to the policy subsystem of American culture and arts-based urban revitalization. To inform policy-oriented learning, the analysis of the policy change applies the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) to understand the internal and external policy actors and their interactions mobilizing policy change from 1965 to 1995. The Advocacy Coalition Framework provides a panoramic lens of understanding the policy process influenced by different policy coalitions based on their three-tier policy belief system, which delineated the evolving policy beliefs on urban revitalization in relation to the external societal changes. The analysis took the role of the National Endowment for the Arts and its policy decisions relevant to American urban issues as a vantage point to understand American arts and culture-based urban revitalization. The formation of American arts policy system is marked by the NEA's institutionalization, which created an important policy actor in the policy system of urban revitalization, and evolved into a policy subsystem of arts and culture-based urban revitalization. This study also brings up points of interest for future research based on the current theory and analysis.

Committee: Margaret Wyszomirski (Advisor); Shoshanah Goldberg-Miller (Committee Member) Subjects: Arts Management; Public Policy; Urban Planning

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2014, Educational Leadership

Politicians and educators frequently refer to the lack of science being taught in public schools. President Obama has voiced concerns about employers' economic interests not being served through public school's science education. An understanding of science is also required in order to evaluate political and social justice issues. This project identifies aspects of the epistemological understandings of science known as Nature of Science (NOS) that were found in elementary school teachers' science identities and their teaching practices. The case study used surveys, interviews, and classroom observations, to construct individual stories that capture participants' science identities. Emergent themes were identified within the teachers' identities. Experiences with informed NOS instruction (K-16) were lacking. Instructional practices of teachers aligned with their understandings of science epistemology. Consequences of national, state, and local, education policies were identified. All participants acknowledged needs and desires for professional development in science instruction. However, no efforts were being undertaken to pursue or provide in-service training for science. The statuses of these teachers cannot be unique in a nation possessing numerous similar rural settings. The insight gained through this study provides an important glimpse of U.S. education that policy makers need to appreciate in order to be able to generate the political advocacy necessary to enact quality science education reform. This project concludes with proposals for future training designed to foster understandings of science epistemology that are necessary for effective science teaching. Providing support effecting informed science epistemology (NOS) requires alterations to professional and personal identities; not lists of standards or administrative directives to teach science. Teachers' naive science identities, transformed through an acculturation of NOS, may gene (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Richard Quantz PhD (Committee Chair); Thomas Poetter PhD (Committee Member); Lawrence Boggess PhD (Committee Member); Nazan Bautista PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Education Policy; Educational Leadership; Elementary Education; Epistemology; Inservice Training; Public Policy; Science Education; Teacher Education; Teaching

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2012, Arts Policy and Administration

Since the creation of the NEA in 1965, arts advocates have had an established venue, at the federal level, to advocate for favorable policy incomes, usually in the form of continued or increased public arts funding. Engaging in advocacy as part of a larger policymaking process requires actors inside and outside of government to employ various methods of persuasion. My dissertation explores some of these methods, particularly rhetorical techniques as a way to investigate policy change management. I employ theories from political science, public policy, and rhetoric to analyze advocacy arguments employed by NEA chairs. To conduct the study, I constructed a theoretical lens that provides a foundation, rooted in the policymaking process, that incorporates the importance of ideas and their rhetorical expression. This project explores the ideas used to construct arts-advocacy arguments, their rhetorical evolution, the various ways rhetorical leaders use them, and finally, how those arguments are used to create or manage policy change. Although some previous research discusses advocacy arguments, the role rhetoric plays in the strategic navigation of the policymaking process deserves additional scholarly attention. This is especially true in the specific context of public art funding. To date, research about arts advocacy has not provided a holistic view of the policymaking process, or of the range of advocacy arguments. By addressing both these gaps, though, I do not seek to imply a causal relationship between particular advocacy arguments and financial rewards. Instead, I identify and present themes in past arts-advocacy arguments to assist with the construction and deployment of future arts advocacy.

Committee: Margaret Wyszomirski PhD (Committee Chair); Wayne Lawson PhD (Committee Member); Gerald Kosicki PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Arts Management; Communication; Cultural Resources Management; Entrepreneurship; History; Public Policy

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2024, American Culture Studies

This dissertation explores the role of democracy promotion in US foreign intervention with a particular focus on the weaponization of media and civil society by two important US democracy promotion institutions, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and US Agency for International Development (USAID). Focusing on these two institutions and building on scholarship that takes a critical Gramscian Marxist perspective on US democracy promotion, this study brings media imperialism and deep political scholarship into the conversation. Delimiting the study to focus on US activities, I trace historical patterns of intellectual warfare and exceptional states of violence and lawlessness pursued by the US government in case studies of foreign intervention in which democracy promotion has played an important part since 1983. I survey the evolution of elite US Cold War conceptions of managed democracy as well as transformations of covert Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) media and civil society operations into institutionalized, pseudo-overt US democracy promotion that became a foundational pretext and method for US interventionism post-Cold War. Case studies include the Contra War in 1980s Nicaragua, Operation Cyclone in 1980s Afghanistan, the 2000 overthrow of Yugoslavian president Slobodan Milosevic, the 2002 military coup against Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez, the 2004 coup against Haitian president Bertrand Aristide, and the 2014 Euromaidan Coup against Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych. I dedicate the penultimate chapter to US-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War that began in 2011, demonstrating how USAID provided instrumental monetary, media, and civil society support to primarily sectarian, theocratic, Salafi rebels against the Ba'athist government. Throughout the dissertation, I argue that the NED and USAID represent important engines of intellectual warfare in US foreign intervention, mobilizing communications and organizational resources to reinf (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Cynthia Baron Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Oliver Boyd-Barrett Ph.D. (Committee Member); Radhika Gajjala Ph.D. (Committee Member); Alexis Ostrowski Ph.D. (Other) Subjects: American History; American Studies; East European Studies; History; International Relations; Journalism; Latin American History; Mass Communications; Mass Media; Middle Eastern History; Military History; Military Studies; Modern History; Peace Studies; Political Science; Public Policy; Regional Studies; World History

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2023, Art History (Fine Arts)

This thesis examines the misappropriation of the sculpture of Classical Antiquity by modern, white supremacist groups to propagate their concept of a superior “white race.” The purpose of this thesis is to contextualize historically Classical sculpture, specifically the Apollo Belvedere and Myron's Discobolus, and to examine how their public reception over time contributed to their use in white supremacist propaganda. This thesis demonstrates how sculptures from Classical Antiquity were originally largely polychromatic, which differs from their current state of whiteness. Along with contextualizing their original visual characteristics, this thesis examines their original cultural purpose. A broad understanding of the concept of race and how it would have been understood in Classical Antiquity is thus provided. Furthermore, this thesis provides a historiographic examination of scholarship on Classical sculpture in the modern era to demonstrate how it contributed to these sculptures being connected to the superiority of the “white race.” After establishing the connection between sculptures from Classical Antiquity and the “white race,” this thesis examines specific examples of recent white supremacy propaganda in the USA to uncover their lack of firm historical understanding.

Committee: Charles Buchanan (Committee Chair) Subjects: Art History; Classical Studies

PHD, Kent State University, 2020, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Geography

In migration studies, sending state institutions now function to unite migrants as diaspora by tapping migrant skills and embracing lost citizens through a variety of strategies and policies broadly known as diaspora engagement. Over half of all United Nations member states now have diaspora engagement institutions, and it is generally agreed upon that the state remains the focus of diaspora engagement studies, yet the sub-state and individual effects of these policies are little understood. Individual connection to a territory is often strongest at the most local scale. Be that village, city, municipality, or region, people connect personal experiences and cultural practice to territory in a nested and scalar manner. While emigrant groups are lumped into categories of state of origin, personal connection may be much stronger based on the locality from which they hail. Building on an awareness of the inadequacy of state-centric diaspora and migration research, this dissertation aims to investigate diaspora engagement and its microfoundations at the sub-state scale. How do origin and emigre regions utilize diaspora institutions to their benefit, and how do these institutions affect national identity both in points of origin and in points of arrival? This central issue is explored through the relationship between the sub-state regions of Galicia, Spain, and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This study uses a mixed methods approach, including content analysis, expert and individual interviews, and participant observation over the course a four and a half month transnational field study. Findings suggest that Galician diaspora are being tapped for return to Galicia through targeted incentives which work to exclude non-Spaniards and Europeans from the immigration narrative in Spain. In Buenos Aires, minority European groups like Galicians are utilized to simultaneously promote diversity in the city and to maintain the hegemony of a Europ (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: David Kaplan PHD (Advisor); Sarah Smiley PHD (Committee Member); Turner V. Kelly PHD (Committee Member); Amoaba Gooden PHD (Committee Member); Landon Hancock PHD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2018, History

This thesis examines the National Congress of American Indians, the oldest and most representative Native American rights organization, and its lobbying efforts during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations to define and develop the concept of Native American self-determination. Based on the preservation of tribal status by rejecting termination, consultation and participation in the process of policy formation, and self-sufficient economic development, the NCAI promoted this vision of self-determination through legislative action by way of resolutions and testimonials to influence a new direction of federal Indian policy during the transitional decade between the 1950s' termination era legislation and the 1970s' proclaimed self-determination.

Committee: Andrew Offenburger Dr. (Advisor); Steven Conn Dr. (Committee Member); Helen Sheumaker Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History; Native American Studies; Native Americans; Native Studies

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2018, History (Arts and Sciences)

This dissertation focuses on U.S. Army forces in Berlin from 1945 to 1994 and on broader issues of U.S. and NATO policy and strategy for the Cold War. It seeks to answer two primary questions: Why did U.S. officials risk war over a location everyone agreed was militarily untenable, and how did they construct strategies to defend it? Much of the Berlin literature looks at the city only during the two crises there, the Soviet blockade in 1948 and 1949 and Moscow's periodic ultimatum between 1958 and 1962 that the Americans, British, and French leave the city. These works maintain that leaders conceived of Berlin's worth as only a beacon of democracy in the war against communism, or a trip wire in the event that the Soviet Union invaded Western Europe. This dissertation looks beyond the crises, and contends that a long view of the city reveals U.S. officials saw Berlin as more than a liability. By combining military, diplomatic, political, and international history to analyze the evolution of U.S. diplomacy, NATO strategy and policy, and joint military planning, it suggests that U.S. officials, realizing they could not retreat, devised ways to defend Berlin and, when possible, use it as a means to achieve strategic and political ends in the larger Cold War, with both enemy and friend alike. This research is broadly concerned with national security, civil-military relations, and alliance politics. It focuses on the intersection of the military and political worlds, and tries to answer how governments analyze risk and form strategy, and then how militaries secure political and military objectives. Ultimately, it is a study of deterrence in modern war, an examination of how leaders can obtain objectives without harming friendships or instigating war.

Committee: Ingo Trauschweizer (Advisor); Steven Miner (Committee Member); Chester Pach (Committee Member); James Mosher (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Armed Forces; European History; History

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2018, History

The Civil Rights Act and the expansion of Title IV of the Social Security Act in 1962 vastly increased the number of children and families eligible for child welfare services in the 1960s. States and counties were able to offer a significant and sustained increase in government support for expanding existing institutional child welfare programs and creating new community based programs. The combination of increased demand and increased funding resulted in the transformation of children's institutions from mostly custodial and residential charitable organizations to mostly therapeutic and community-based government-subsidized nonprofit organizations. This dissertation examines the history of three children's homes affiliated with the National Benevolent Association of the Disciples of Christ from their founding around the turn of the twentieth century to the passage of the Child Abuse Protection and Treatment Act in 1974. These case studies demonstrate how federal legislation, state regulation, and the work of a national accreditation organization, The Child Welfare League of America, influenced the creation of modern child welfare agencies.

Committee: David Hammack (Advisor) Subjects: American History; Modern History; Religion; Welfare

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, Sociology

This dissertation examines how and why worldwide attitudes toward homosexuality and national policies that affect the lives of gay men and women have changed over time. I use three main theories to frame my analysis of attitudes and laws. The first – world society theory – describes the globalizing influence of an elite “global culture.” Support for gay rights has, in recent years, become institutionalized within this global culture. Second, multiple modernities theory points to the effect of region-specific cultural programs. Third, the postmaterialist thesis casts the experience of existential security or insecurity as a main influence on societal norms. Results indicate that both global and region-specific cultures have driven change over time in worldwide attitudes toward homosexuality. I use data from the integrated World Values Survey/European Values Survey (1981-2012) and a longitudinal multilevel design to investigate how societal attitudes toward homosexuality have changed over time – and to test the relative power of world society theory, multiple modernities theory, and the postmaterialist thesis to explain worldwide attitudinal change. In line with world society theory, the results show that there has been a broad global upswing in the acceptance of homosexuality, driven in large part by the diffusion of favorable global cultural messages. The results provide perhaps the strongest evidence yet that global culture has shaped collective attitudes globally. High levels of religiosity may, however, act to moderate the positive influence of exposure to global culture. And, even as attitudes toward homosexuality in most societies have become more accepting, the pace of change has been uneven. My analysis finds a widening attitudinal gap between countries, and, consistent with multiple modernities theory, suggests this is due in part to the role of anti-gay region-specific cultural programs in the Muslim World, sub-Saharan Africa, and the for (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Ryan King (Advisor); Hollie Nyseth Brehm (Committee Member); Evan Schofer (Committee Member); Christopher Browning (Committee Member) Subjects: European Studies; Gender Studies; International Law; International Relations; Islamic Studies; Latin American Studies; Legal Studies; Political Science; Sociology; Statistics; Sub Saharan Africa Studies; World History

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2015, Foundations of Education

This work is a historical, qualitative analysis of diversity and social justice in teacher education accreditation. The purpose of the study was twofold. The first purpose was determine how NCATE and CAEP conceptualized and emphasized these topics in the standards for the accreditation of teacher preparation over time. The second purpose was to determine the extent to which research or policy influence how these topics were conceptualized within the standards text. To accomplish these purposes, the researcher analyzed electronic versions of the NCATE and CAEP standards text, conducted reviews of educational research and conducted reviews of educational policy. The results obtained demonstrated that the conceptualization of diversity and social justice have changed during the time period covered in the research as a result of both research and policy. The balance shifted to mainly policy influence in more recent editions of the standards. Recommendations for extensions of this work are provided.

Committee: Dale Snauwaert Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Lynne Hamer Ph.D. (Committee Member); Virginia Keil Ph.D. (Committee Member); Mary Ellen Edwards Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Education; Education Policy; Educational Sociology; Teacher Education

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2014, History

Historians have only begun to grapple with the implications of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, the longest-running arms control negotiation in modern history. This dissertation breaks with the existing literature by examining the process from beginning to end, and placing an in-depth examination of SALT at the center of the narrative. In effect, SALT's structural constraints limited the progress that could actually be achieved in reducing arms. Rather than retreating from the process, the leaderships of both superpowers embraced it as a way to reassert their control over fractious domestic interests and restive polities, using foreign policy to effect a “domestic condominium” between them. Widespread discontent with the threat of nuclear annihilation prompted the superpowers to redirect SALT to enhance their control over their military and diplomatic apparatuses and insulate themselves from the political consequences of continued competition. Prolonged engagement with arms control issues introduced dynamic effects into nuclear policy in the United States and, to a lesser extent, the Soviet Union. Arms control considerations came to influence most areas of defense decision making, while the measure of stability SALT provided allowed the examination of new and potentially dangerous nuclear doctrines. Verification and compliance concerns by the United States prompted continuous reassessments of Soviet capabilities and intentions, while challenging their definitions of knowledge itself. This framework grew strained as the short and long-term interests of the superpowers began to diverge. The Reagan administration came to power promising to break this cycle, but could not find a way to operate constructively within the existing framework. The SALT process, broadly construed, reached its definitive end with the Soviet walkout from arms control talks in 1983.

Committee: Peter Hahn (Advisor); Robert McMahon (Advisor); Jennifer Siegel (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History; International Relations; Military History

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2014, American Culture Studies

This project explores how American literature reified and advanced the US national imaginary of the 1930s that relied upon depictions of a subordinate Mexican neighbor. I approach this topic through a multifocal lens that situates the stories of William Spratling and Katherine Anne Porter within their social environment and links their works to an imagined community contemporary to their publication. I problematize and interpret Spratling and Porter's stories to understand how their representations of Mexico and Mexicanness reproduce the US national imaginary during the Great Depression. I analyze their works as distinct bibliographies and as products of a specific space and generation that share similar themes and inform the US national imaginary. I work with a limited selection from each of the authors' bibliographies: Spratling's 1932 Little Mexico and three stories from Porter's 1935 anthology Flowering Judas and Other Stories, "Maria Concepcion," "Flowering Judas," and "Hacienda" form the base of the analysis I undertake in this project. I use each of these stories to illustrate different components of the US national imaginary in the 1930s. By depicting Mexicans as a primitive race inherently linked to the landscape, the authors situate Mexico against an imagined US nation-state in these stories. Spratling and Porter shape the identities of both their Mexican and Anglo characters through economic and cultural means that correlate with the strategies US nation-building policies of the time. Moreover, elements of modernity and objectivity in their narratives reflect how Spratling and Porter reflected the US national imaginary through their work. By placing Spratling and Porter's texts in conversation with these themes, I complicate the authors' ostensibly positive representations of Mexico and Mexicanness and suggest that their rendered homogeneity was a reaction against the economic uncertainty and social transformations of the Great Depression. Complying wit (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jolie Sheffer PhD (Advisor); Susana Peña PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; American Literature; American Studies

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2014, Cross-Cultural, International Education

This phenomenological case study applies an inductive method to discover and interpret the common experiences and reactions of Azeri and Kurdish students and teachers to the monolingual educational policy in Iran’s multilingual society. Interviews with nine students, seven teachers and two experts provided the explanation and interpretation that participants have given about the monolingual policy in education, their daily life and ideas about ethnic and national identity. Moreover, the inclusion of two educational and linguistic experts as participants in the study has helped me to have a more in-depth analysis of the phenomenon. Students and teachers as participants were selected for participation from two Kurdish and two Azeri cities in Iran by snowball sampling using deliberate criterion. This study is intended to address the following questions: 1. How do Azeri- and Kurdish-speaking Iranians use their mother language in daily life, particularly in social interactions, and in the cultural products they consume? a. How do Kurds and Azeris in Iran conceptualize the role of language in their identities? b. How do Kurds and Azeris evaluate the status of their mother tongues in Iranian society? 2. What relationship, if any, is there between mother-tongue instruction (in Azeri or Kurdish) and academic success and future job opportunities in Iran? 3. In what ways do Kurds and Azeris in Iran navigate their national (Iranian) and ethnic (Kurdish and Azeri) identities? a. In what ways do Azeri and Kurdish speakers experience the dominance of Persian language in their daily lives? 4. What policy and/or structural changes are possible to expand multilingual education in Iran? a. How did monolingualism become hegemonic in Iran? b. What are the connections between nationalism and opposition to multilingual education? Moreover, for addressing of these questions, the study applies Foucault’s theory on truth, discourse and their relation to power and also Bourd (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Christopher Frey (Advisor); Hyeyoung Bang (Committee Member); Michael Strand (Committee Member) Subjects: Education Policy; Ethnic Studies; Language; Sociolinguistics

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2009, Arts Policy and Administration

In this thesis, I track use of cultural economic rationales employed by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) to secure public funding. I conducted a content and discourse analysis of Appropriations Hearings in both the House and Senate Appropriations Committees for FY 1967, FY 1982, and FY 1997 and articles from the Journal of Cultural Economics. My methodology, based on Focault's policy geneology and Kingdon's policy streams, helped explain how the NEA discusses and argues for public funding in a policy arena via the use of theories derived from cultural economics scholarship. The results show that depicting the arts as a public good was an overarching theme in the problem stream, with supporting arguments changing due to circumstances in the political or policy streams. This work has implications for how arts advocates can continue define and articulate their desire for increased public funding using the work of cultural economists.

Committee: Margaret Wyszomirski PhD (Committee Chair); Wayne Lawson PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Communication; Economic Theory; Economics; Fine Arts; Linguistics; Political Science; Public Administration; Rhetoric

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2009, Political Science

Why is there such widespread variation in governmental response to climate change? While some governments eagerly embrace the Kyoto Protocol and its mandatory greenhouse gas targets, others deny the very existence of the problem and either ignore it or take merely symbolic action. Yet some of the weakest climate policies can be found amongst Kyoto adopters while some of the strongest flourish in those countries, such as the United States that have been the most reluctant to join the international regime. This dissertation explains this phenomenon by examining the process policymakers undergo when confronted with the climate issue. I argue that despite the global collective nature of the climate crisis, policies are chosen based on local conditions and needs. Governments that are unburdened by top-down mandates on policy are free to experiment with policies that best fit local perceptions and agendas, while governments that must adhere to the Kyoto Protocol and other national commitments have a limited ability to create policies that will be accepted and implemented locally. Those that consider international agreements the best way to tackle climate change should be cautious, as this particular global problem may best be solved by policies generated at the local level.

Committee: Alexander Thompson (Committee Chair); Randall Schweller (Committee Member); Craig Volden (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations; Political Science

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2009, History

This dissertation examines the international history of the Palestinian armed struggle from late 1967 until the beginning of the Lebanese Civil war in 1975. Based on multi-archival and multilingual research in Lebanon, the United States, and the United Kingdom, I argue that the Palestinian guerillas won the struggle for international recognition by identifying themselves with the cultural forces of anti-colonialism and Third World internationalism. By laying claim to the status of a national liberation struggle, Palestinian fighters tapped into networks of global support emanating from places like Beijing, Hanoi, Algiers, and Havana that allowed them to achieve a measure of political legitimacy in the international community and provided for the continued survival of their movement. At the same time, these efforts to emulate revolutionary movements from other parts of the world helped to reshape Palestinian national identity into a profoundly cosmopolitan organism; a product of twentieth century globalization. However, these radical visions of national liberation ran headlong into U.S. designs for global order; if radical Palestinians could create a “second Vietnam” in the Middle East, the implications for U.S. authority in the Third World could be disastrous. Through support for regional police powers like Israel and Jordan, Washington was able to mount a sustained counterinsurgency campaign that prevented a guerilla victory.

Committee: Peter Hahn (Advisor); Robert McMahon (Committee Member); Stephen Dale (Committee Member); Kevin Boyle (Committee Member) Subjects: History; International Relations; Middle Eastern History

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2010, Journalism (Communication)

This study examines the New York Times, Times of London, Hindu, and Dawn coverage of the 2008 Mumbai attack. Since the U.S. and Britain had considerable interests in South Asia, the study used the framework of press nationalism to analyze the coverage. A content analysis of the coverage in the four newspapers suggests national interests were at work. The debate over the war and issues like religious unrest were different in the four newspapers. The Western press was unequivocal in condemning the war option; the coverage also reflected an agreement on issues like Kashmir and the War on Terror. The Asian media also focused on avoiding war but differed from each other on many aspects. Dawn raised issues like Muslim unrest and Hindu fanaticism while avoiding Pakistan's failure to curb terrorist activities. The Hindu was unambiguous in pinning the blame on Pakistan while condemning the failure of the Indian security apparatus.

Committee: Joseph Bernt PhD (Advisor); Hong Cheng PhD (Committee Member); Marilyn Greenwald PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Journalism

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2007, Environmental Studies (Arts and Sciences)

The demise of vital ecosystems has necessitated the designation of protected areas and formulation of policies for their sustainable management. This study which evaluates policy implementation in Digya National Park in the Volta Basin of Ghana, was prompted by lack of information on how Ghana Forest and Wildlife policy, 1994, which regulates DNP, is being implemented amidst continues degradation of the Park. The methodology adopted involved interviews with government officials and analysis of institutional documents. The results revealed that financial constraints and encroachment are the main problems inhibiting the realization of the policy goals, resulting in a steady decrease in forest cover within the Park. The study recommends intervention measures including proactive government role in capacitating implementing agencies to function more effectively, more community participation and private sector partnership in the implementation process. The study concluded that successful policy implementation at DNP would above everything help ensure the sustainability of Volta Lake and its hydro-electric power plant.

Committee: Nancy Manring (Advisor) Subjects: