Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1966, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1966, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1962, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2024, Antioch Seattle: Counselor Education & Supervision

This study examines the lived experience of the perinatal population to understand how they can be supported from the lens of different ecological systems and what counselors can do to better serve people with uteruses during their perinatal experience. Furthermore, this study aims to utilize an inclusive framework for capturing the perinatal experience of people with uteruses and to explore barriers and facilitators to care through an ecological systems framework. Fifteen participants who have experienced infertility, conception, pregnancy, miscarriage, childbirth, stillbirth, and postpartum were recruited through various means throughout the United States. Thematic analysis was used, with semi-structured interviews and photovoice, to gather and analyze participant narratives through oral and visual means in two phases. The first phase resulted in eight themes: (1) social and cultural influences, (2) navigating transitions and changes, (3) support networks and resources, (4) discrimination and stigma, (5) advocacy and empowerment, (6) mental health and well-being, (7) interactions with medical systems, and (8) impact of systems and policies. The themes identified in phase two were: (1) meaning making, (2) the emotional impact of perinatal experiences, (3) navigating roles and identities, (4) pressure and expectations, (5) advocacy and empowerment, (6) social support and community, (7) prevalence of infertility and miscarriage, and (8) challenges in healthcare. Implications of this study indicate a need for collaborative, interdisciplinary communication among providers interacting with the perinatal population and perinatal mental health competency training. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA (https://aura.antioch.edu) and OhioLINK ETD Center (https://etd.ohiolink.edu).

Committee: Stephanie Thorson-Olesen (Committee Member); Angela Mensink (Committee Member); Katherine Fort (Committee Chair) Subjects: Counseling Education; Counseling Psychology; Developmental Psychology; Education; Gender; Health; Health Care; Higher Education; Mental Health; Minority and Ethnic Groups; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Public Health; Public Policy; Therapy

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, Industrial and Systems Engineering

Office computer users experience work-related musculoskeletal disorders including pain in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Previous researchers revealed that there were associations between the cognitive workload imposed by computer tasks and the increased biomechanical load which could eventually lead to adverse symptoms. However, there are limited data that describe how the different components of cognitive workload are associated with changes in computer users' biomechanical response to the work process. At the same time, although furnishings with lumbar support and relevant sitting guidelines have been provided in many office settings, there is limited evidence showing more supportive furniture is effective in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among office computer users. This study investigated: 1) whether computer users are sitting in the suggested neutral position and using the backrest when working on different types of computer tasks; 2) how the causal (task complexity and time pressure) and assessment factors (mental demand, mental effort, and task performance) of cognitive workload are related with the variations in computer users' biomechanical responses; and 3) whether using a footrest can be used to promote the use of backrest in computer tasks. The first stage of this dissertation was an observational study in which computer users' sitting postures were observed and recorded discretely as the observed individuals worked on different types of computer tasks. The findings revealed that chairs' back supports were not being used effectively that the users did not rest their whole back against the backrest. Following the observational study, a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate how the computer tasks that varied in their level of cognitive workload, which was assessed in terms of mental demand, mental effort, and task performance, are associated with the variations in the computer users' biomechanical responses (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Steven Lavender (Advisor); Carolyn Sommerich (Committee Member); Michael Rayo (Committee Member) Subjects: Biomechanics; Design; Industrial Engineering; Occupational Health

Specialist in Education, Miami University, 2019, School Psychology

The Success Program, a school-based program that assists low-income students and their families meet basic non-cognitive needs has previously been shown to improve participants' academic and social outcomes. However, it is unknown if the program has differential effects across participants with and without reported mental health disorders. Thus, this study examines whether the program yields differential social and academic outcomes across students with and without a family reported mental health disorder.

Committee: Anthony James (Committee Chair); Amity Noltemeyer (Committee Member); Kevin Bush (Committee Member) Subjects: Educational Psychology

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD), Wright State University, 2014, School of Professional Psychology

Psychiatric disorders are common in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), but the accurate diagnosis of psychopathology in this population is problematic for a number of reasons, including but not limited to linguistic barriers, difficulty separating symptoms of mental illness from long-term consequences of abnormal brain development, institutionalization, and learned behaviors. In addition, many assessment tools used to diagnose psychopathology in individuals with ID lack reliability or validity for use with this population. The Diagnostic Manual -Intellectual Disability (DM-ID): A Clinical Guide for Diagnosis of Mental Disorders in Persons with Intellectual Disability (Fletcher, Loschen, Stavrakaki, & First, 2007a) is a diagnostic system grounded in evidence-based methods, and supported by expert consensus, that reflects the current best clinical practice to diagnose psychiatric disabilities in persons with an ID. This study converted the behavioral observations found in the DM-ID indicative of psychopathology in individuals with ID with the aim to create a diagnostic screening tool that leads to a more accurate diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in this population. This study describes the development of the items of the Screen for Symptoms of Psychopathology for Individuals with Intellectual Disability (SSP-ID), including critiques by experts in the field. The SSP-ID developed in this study requires further empirical testing to evaluate its validity and reliability. However, once reliability and validity have been established, this tool will make a valuable addition to the DM-ID because it ensures that all possible symptoms of psychopathology specific to ID are not overlooked or misinterpreted, that all relevant diagnostic options are considered, and that the adapted diagnostic criteria in the DM-ID are reviewed prior to making a diagnosis. By taking into consideration the fact that the symptom presentation and manifestation of a psychiatric disorder ma (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Leon VandeCreek Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jeffery Allen Ph.D. (Committee Member); Martin Moss Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2007, Psychology/Clinical

While mental disorders are prevalent in primary health care settings, they often go undetected and untreated. There are no records to be found on studies of the effectiveness of Icelandic primary care physicians in diagnosing and treating mental illness. However, it is likely that the Icelandic primary health care system is not significantly different from systems in other countries that show poor detection and treatment of mental illness. The present study is the first study aimed at evaluating Icelandic primary care physicians' experience with mental health problems and perceived competence in detection and treatment of behavior disorders. Furthermore, it is the first empirical attempt to assess the need for improved primary mental health care in Iceland. This exploratory study was designed to assess primary care physician's perception of: 1) Prevalence and significance of different behavior disorders in the primary health care clinics, 2) their ability to detect and treat behavior disorders within the primary health care system, 3) the physician's access to mental health services as well as quality of communication with mental health professionals, and 4) barriers to adequate mental health care within the Icelandic primary health care system. Main results suggest that Icelandic primary care physicians correctly identify that they, among all health care workers, are the ones seeing the highest proportion of people in the community suffering from mental health problems. They also correctly identify that depression and anxiety are the most prevalent groups of behavior disorders in primary care. However, while they seem to be quite confident in their ability to treat and detect mental illness, extensive amount of research from around the world show extremely poor detection and treatment of behavior disorders in primary care. Most Icelandic primary care physicians view the detection and treatment of mental illness in their clinic as adequate or good. However, most agr (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: William O'Brien (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1964, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1983, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Psy. D., Antioch University, 2023, Antioch Santa Barbara: Clinical Psychology

Existing frameworks of psychopathology have received criticism from evolutionary researchers. It is argued that mental health research lacks theoretical unity and that there is no comprehensive understanding of psychiatric disorders. Evolutionary researchers have posited that a paradigm of psychopathology informed by evolution could accomplish this aim. Drawing from evolutionary biology, life history theory provides such a framework. Life history theory is a subfield of evolutionary biology that examines how organisms allocate limited environmental resources over their lifespan in order to maximize their fitness. The strategies that organisms adopt in response to their environment are referred to as life history strategies. These strategies are graphed on a spectrum between two poles, fast and slow. The fast and slow life history classifications form the basis of the fast-slow-defense activation model of psychopathology which describes causal pathways for mental disorder. Within this framework, sex is a moderating factor between life history strategy and psychopathology. At present, there is little empirical research evaluating the fast-slow-defense activation model. The current research seeks to provide an analysis of the fast-slow-defense activation framework by exploring the relationship between life history strategy, sex, and defense activation disorders particularly, depression. It is expected that there will be a causal relationship between life history strategy and depression. Specifically, a fast life history strategy will predict for increased symptoms of depression. In addition to this, it is expected that women with fast life histories experience greater symptoms of depression. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA, https://aura.antioch.edu/ and OhioLINK ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink.edu.

Committee: Sandra Kenny Ph.D, M.B.A. (Committee Chair); Stephen Southern Ed.D. (Committee Member); Chris Howard Psy.D (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology; Psychotherapy

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1963, Communication Studies

Committee: Melvin Hyman (Advisor) Subjects: Speech Therapy

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2022, Pharmacy: Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background In the United States, mental health disorders affect 1 in 5 pregnant women each year. The use of antidepressant drugs to treat mental health disorders during pregnancy is a controversial issue. This has drawn attention to the potential impact of antidepressants on pregnancy and fetus development. Objective The objectives of the study are; (I) to describe the utilization of antidepressants in pregnant women diagnosed with mental health disorders, (II) to determine the impact of prenatal exposure to antidepressants on the risk of adverse birth outcomes, (III) to assess the effect of exposure trimester of antidepressants on the risk of adverse birth outcomes, and (IV) to describe the most reported pregnancy adverse events (AEs) related to antidepressants use during pregnancy as reported in FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods We conducted a propensity score matched, retrospective cohort study using University of Cincinnati Medical Center Hospitals Electronic Medical Records (EMR) from 2012 to 2021. The study cohort consisted of two cohorts. One cohort consisted of pregnant women diagnosed with mental health disorders and exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy. The second cohort consisted of pregnant women diagnosed with mental health disorders, without antidepressant exposure during their pregnancy (reference group). Adverse birth outcomes were identified in the EMR using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision (ICD-9 and ICD-10) codes. Moreover, the exposure to antidepressant was assessed in each trimester (1st, 2nd and 3rd) during the pregnancy to examine the impact of trimester exposure on adverse birth outcomes. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model and multivariable logistic regression were used. Finally, we described the most reported pregnancy adverse events (AEs) related to antidepressant as reported in FAERS database. Results A total of 3573 mothers were identified af (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jianfei (Jeff) Guo Ph.D. (Committee Member); Pamela Heaton Ph.D. (Committee Member); Patricia Wigle Pharm.D. (Committee Member); Marepalli Rao Ph.D. (Committee Member); Ana Hincapie Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Pharmaceuticals

Psy. D., Antioch University, 2022, Antioch Santa Barbara: Clinical Psychology

This systematic literature review explores the relationship between mental disorders and nutrition through a review 547 available articles. Of these, 74 were selected for inclusion in this review. The research question guiding this inquiry was: What is the effect of nutrition on the mental health of individuals in the United States? A PRISMA flow diagram was used to develop systematic assessments of the existing research to produce a dataset of literature to answer the research question. It was found that nutrition and health are critically linked, with supplements being associated with positive health outcomes. It was also found that research is shifting to focus on the connection between the gut and the brain. The culmination of this review is that nutritional changes and support can positively impact anxiety and depression, and probiotic treatments have been linked to better dopamine regulation. Each disease is reviewed in relation to existing evidence on nutritional supplements that impact health symptoms. The findings of this review indicated that nutrition could have a notable impact on managing health conditions. It is recommended that models for health and nutrition be updated to encompass nutritional issues in the treatment of mental health disorders with a critical focus on patients' nutritional intake. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA, https://aura.antioch.edu/ and OhioLINK ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink.edu.

Committee: Brett Kia-Keating EdD (Committee Chair); Christina Donaldson PhD (Committee Member); Kelli Davis PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Health; Mental Health; Nutrition; Psychobiology; Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2021, Psychology

The term “diagnostic overshadowing” was coined by Reiss and his colleagues in 1982 (Reiss et al., 1982) to refer to the phenomenon in which a diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) is so salient that it “overshadows” the presence of other mental health conditions, whose symptoms are erroneously attributed to the ID. Today, the presence of this phenomenon in the ID field is widely accepted, but most of the research on the topic was conducted more than 20 years ago and relied on one methodology. The present study aimed to update the research on diagnostic overshadowing and address some of the methodological concerns with previous studies. A total of 318 licensed psychologists participated in an online survey in which they viewed information about a simulated client and answered both open-ended and Likert-type questions about their diagnostic impressions and treatment recommendations. The study used a two-by-two experimental design: Participants were randomly assigned to view background information that either suggested the client had intellectual disability or average IQ, and they were also randomly assigned to either read a vignette describing mental health symptoms or watch a brief video of the client discussing these symptoms in a clinical interview. Results of the study indicated that, on the Likert-type items, schizophrenia was rated as significantly less likely in the ID condition compared to average IQ. However, although this difference was statistically significant, it was less than 50% of what was reported in older published studies, only amounting to about half a point on a seven-point scale. Because open-ended questions did not find evidence of diagnostic overshadowing (96% of participants listed a mental health diagnosis in their open-ended response), we determined that the difference was not clinically significant. With regard to treatments, the differences between Likert scale ratings were also statistically significant, but again represented o (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Marc Tassé PhD (Advisor); Susan Havercamp PhD (Committee Member); Andrea Witwer PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Mental Health; Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2020, Counselor Education (Education)

The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) is well documented, as is the prevalence and impact of trauma. Trauma causes immediate and long-lasting changes for those who experience it, including the development of mental health symptoms. To improve the ability of behavioral health providers ability to quickly and accurately identify the existence of mental health symptoms in those receiving treatment for SUDs, it is imperative to know indicators that require further assessment and evaluation. More specifically, it is important to understand that individuals that report certain types of trauma might be more prone to specific mental health symptoms. Gaps in existing literature shine a light on the lack of research that looks at the interplay of trauma and mental health symptoms in people in residential treatment specifically for SUDs. The primary purpose of the current study of 229 cases from an archived data set was to examine the predictive relationship of reported trauma on suicide attempts, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in adults in residential treatment for SUDs. Additional goals were to examine the impact of trauma on age of first use of any substances and examine whether earlier age of first use was predictive of mental health symptoms. Three categories of trauma were examined in this study: emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. Data were collected using three instruments: Addiction Severity Index – Multimedia Version (ASI-MV), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Findings indicate that both emotional abuse and sexual abuse predicted depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation separately. Physical abuse had no predictive value for any of the variables. None of the variables were significant predictors of suicide attempts. Identifying as female predicted higher scores on the BDI-II and BAI. Trauma had no significant relationship to the scores of the BDI-II or BAI. Age of first use (AFU) was not (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Chris Bhat (Advisor); Dianne Gut-Zippert (Committee Member); Yegan Pillay (Committee Member); Jeff Garrett (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Counseling Education; Counseling Psychology; Therapy

Psy. D., Antioch University, 2020, Antioch Seattle: Clinical Psychology

Stigma toward individuals with eating disorders is common and well-documented. Individuals with eating disorders regularly report experiencing stigma associated with perceptions that they are to blame for their illness, that their illness is trivial compared to other conditions, or that they are engaging in disordered behavior to gain attention. These stigmatizing attitudes toward eating disorders are also reported by the general public and healthcare professionals, including those who treat eating disorders. Treatment of these illnesses at all levels of care often include paternalistic approaches such as coercion and compulsion that can have both adverse and advantageous consequences. While there are ethical, clinical, and legal justifications for these treatment approaches, this study provides a novel exploration of the relationships between stigma toward individuals with eating disorders and coercive and compulsive treatment. This was accomplished using a survey methodology to assess the attitudes and treatment practices of treatment providers across the United States. The results of this study suggest that there is no significant relationship between treatment providers' attitudes toward individuals with eating disorders and coercive or compulsive treatment methods. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed and center on the need for additional inquiry to better understand the complexities of these two variables in light of the ongoing debate concerning the risks and v benefits of coercive and compulsive treatment. This dissertation is available open access at AURA, http://aura.antioch.edu and Ohio Link ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink.edu

Committee: Chris Heffner Psy.D., Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Shannon Albert Psy.D. (Committee Member); Cara Dalbey Psy.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Psychology; Ethics; Health Care; Mental Health; Psychology; Quantitative Psychology; Social Psychology

Bachelor of Arts, Walsh University, 2018, Honors

This literature review examined the efficacy of adding Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder to the DSM-V. The similarities and differences between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder were discussed. Possible treatment options and the benefits of speech-language therapy were examined. This literature review addressed who is at risk for the devastating effects of social impairments.

Committee: Bob Humphries Ph.D (Advisor); Jo Anna Kelly Ph.D (Other); Ty Hawkins Ph.D (Committee Chair) Subjects: Language; Psychology; Speech Therapy

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Arts and Sciences: Philosophy

In this project I elaborate and defend a dimensional model of the relationship between mental normality and pathology, which I dub Continuity Thesis (CT). Throughout the dissertation I set out to accomplish two goals. First, I make space for a dimensional approach in philosophy of psychiatry by presenting a model that is compelling and worth taking seriously as a viable alternative to the more popular categorical counterpart. Second, I flesh out a more precise and non-arbitrary notion of what it means to be vulnerable to a mental disorder. This allows me to counter categorical approaches by showing that the cut-off point between normality and pathology is extremely hard to pin down. The project is divided into three large sections. In the first section (“Background”), I lay the groundwork for a dimensional model of mental disorders. I start by exploring an important historical precedent of CT, namely the psychodynamic account developed by Freud. In the second section (“Strong Continuity”), I start building my dimensional model by proposing to see mental disorders as disruptions of four dimensions of functioning (i.e. salience, confidence, familiarity, and agency). Each of these dimensions represents a different way in which the relationship between individual and environment may be modulated. Mental disorders are thus seen as disruptions of these self-world relations, or as ways in which one's experience of the world can be altered. In the third section (“Meaningful Difference”), I turn more explicitly to the notion of vulnerability and I focus on intermediate cases to uncover their crucial role in the transition from normality to pathology. I discuss a number of case studies where people are imbalanced on one of the dimensions but still fail to qualify as disordered, and I explain what distinguishes them from their pathological counterpart. By introducing the notions of risk and protective factors I also outline a model of how the transition between vulnerable (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Heidi Maibom Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Johannes Brandl AoS (Committee Member); Peter Langland-Hassan Ph.D. (Committee Member); Thomas Polger Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Philosophy

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Pharmacy: Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background Although antipsychotics can relieve or prevent many psychotic disorders, it also has risks. They are subject to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) amongst themselves and with other agents used in the treatment of various physical conditions. Given the significant clinical effect of DDIs with antipsychotics on patient's health and potential economic impact of DDIs on healthcare expenditure, little information is available about the prevalence, risk factors, and cost of DDIs with antipsychotics and is based on small studies with uncertain generalizability. Research Purposes The purposes of this research were, first, to develop a list of clinically important DDIs likely to be encountered by U.S. adult population who treated with any antipsychotics and then determine the prevalence and identify predictors of DDIs. The last purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the health expenditures and DDIs. Methods In this research, I first conducted a systemic review of four compendia and published literature to identify all potential important DDIs. Then, the list was reviewed and approved by a panel of experts to be used as criteria in our analyses. A retrospective database analysis was conducted, and individuals who were exposed to any DDI were identified from the 2010-2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The prevalence of DDI was evaluated using the developed list of clinically important DDIs. Next, I developed a theoretical framework based on Anderson Behavioral Model to test relationships among the latent constructs of predisposing characteristics, enabling resources, and need for healthcare, health behaviors, and medication use factor; and, their influence on DDIs exposure. The model also was used in investigating the relationship between the total health expenditures and DDIs exposure by employing multiple regression models and the propensity score method. Results From the process of identifying clinically important DDIs pairs (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jianfei Guo Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Teresa Cavanaugh Pharm.D. (Committee Member); Jane| Khoury Ph.D. (Committee Member); Alex Lin Ph.D. (Committee Member); Patricia Wigle Pharm.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Pharmaceuticals