Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2024, History

This dissertation uncovers how, why, and where the modern pet dog originated. The average dog's transition from a working animal to a nonworking companion in the nineteenth-century United Kingdom constituted the dog's most radical alteration of purpose since their initial domestication prior to the establishment of agricultural civilization. This dissertation contends that the modern family dog originated during the long-nineteenth century (1780-1920) primarily in Victorian Britain—the initial nation altered by the interlocking forces of industrialization and urbanization. These processes provided the necessary cultural and material preconditions to reconceptualize this traditional working animal as a nonworking companion. These phenomena also provided the necessary infrastructure to manufacture commodities—from biscuits to soap—that became necessary to maintain dogs. Family dogs altered domestic and urban environments, individual and collective habits, local and global economic markets, and traditional human and canine behaviors. British pet culture surged beyond national boundaries to become the global norm governing appropriate human-dog interaction. Fundamental English practices—such as leash laws—remain normal today alongside British breeds that garner worldwide favor. Despite their integral presence in modern Western culture, however, there remains no holistic—nor interdisciplinary—narrative explaining how the typical dog transformed from a working animal to a nonworking companion. In this sense, this project rectifies this pronounced historiographical absence and knowledge gap for the broader dog-owning public. Answering this question necessitates adopting an interdisciplinary perspective entangling humans and nonhumans since Britons were not solely responsible for creating pet dogs. Rather, dogs actively shaped this process. Understanding dogs in their own right—their cognitive, sensory, and physical capabilities—hinges on including insights from animal s (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Chris Otter (Advisor); Nicholas Breyfogle (Committee Member); Bart Elmore (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Animal Sciences; Animals; British and Irish Literature; Comparative; Environmental Studies; European History; European Studies; Families and Family Life; History; Recreation; Science History; Sociology; World History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2023, History

Humans have been brewing beer for at least 10,000 years. For most of this time, brewing was a rudimentary affair. Ancient, medieval, and early modern brewing was carried out using local grains, herbs, fruits, and open-air fermentation. This has radically changed in the last two hundred years. Modern brewing now relies on intensive capital inputs, standardized products and brands, marketing, global distribution networks, disposable packaging, and scientific expertise. Even today's craft brewers—who often pride themselves on their experimental brews and local or regional connections—are a product of this transformation. This dissertation asks how this radically different brewing industry came to be in the United States. I argue that the modern American brewing industry took shape because of the unique biological and material properties of beer's organic and chemical components (yeast, hops, barley, and alcohol) and that brewers' desire to control even the most minute aspects of their craft resulted in intense capitalization and standardization of their industry.

Committee: Bartow Elmore (Advisor); Jennifer Eaglin (Committee Member); Christopher Otter (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Economic History

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2022, Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of humans with four subbranches: cultural, biological, linguistic, and archaeological. Bioarchaeology is a subfield of biological anthropology and studies human skeletal remains in order to understand people's lives in the past. This is very similar to forensic anthropology, but forensics tries to interpret skeletal remains to aid law enforcement in finding their identity and possible cause of death. Bioarchaeologists study human skeletons to understand their osteological health and quality of life based on bone lesions and pathologies. Skeletons are also studied to interpret significant historical periods and events, such as famines. The goal for this project is to attempt to assess if there are bone remodeling patterns consistent with specific time periods and associated economic changes such as those that occurred during the Industrial Revolution. To answer this question, this project drew skeletal data from Ohio State University's European Module Skeletal Database (Steckel et al. 2019). The European Module project focused on health in the past and aggregated a large number of previously excavated and analyzed skeletal datasets. This large bioarcheology project resulted in a freely downloadable database with over 15,000 human skeletons ranging from Anglo-Saxon to modern time periods (0 CE to roughly 1850 CE) from 6 continents. The sample population chosen for this project is a dataset containing 621 female skeletons who were buried within the geographic area of modern United Kingdom. The researcher hypothesizes the changes in occurrence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in the female skeletons could indicate a major shift in socio-economic patterns, specifically during United Kingdom's Industrial Revolution.

Committee: Nancy Tatarek Dr. (Advisor); Matthew Rosen Dr. (Advisor); Donal Skinner Dean (Other) Subjects: Archaeology; Behavioral Sciences; European History; Forensic Anthropology; Forensic Osteology; History; Human Remains; Medieval History; Middle Ages; Pathology; Physical Anthropology; Womens Studies

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2021, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Bustling warehouse districts, rumbling railways, and flaring refineries were once the soul of midwestern cities. Industrialization was the genesis for the regions presently known as the rust belt region. Many now associate these regions with fallow parking lots, hollow warehouses, and weed-covered railways. Toledo, Ohio is a representation of a rustbelt city once composed of intact urban fabric. Modernization has changed the city. The intact urban fabric has disintegrated. Industrial buildings are now obsolete and scattered between modern structures. Cultural center, business hubs, and entertainment districts are disconnected, only to be held together by the urban tissue. Urban tissue is decayed, with fallow space. The problem that is being approached is how to address these fallow sites. Historic preservation would be a misguided methodology for addressing the fragmented city. Historical preservation addresses monumental, note worthy sites. The industrial remnants are non-noteworthy and non-exemplar of their style, but they are old, and they are there. There must be another way of thinking about the city when analyzing these sites. The traditional values of historic preservation are being substituted through a new convention of thinking. This new convention is addressed through a series of analogies. The act of seasoning has various meanings. First, it can be applied to cooking. The seasoning of a cast-iron skillet is a functional process that creates a layer of protection to a material. The value for a seasoned product is to create longevity to its life. Seasoning is also a method of adding to. The objective for seasoning food is to enhance the flavor. Seasoning is also applied through a form of maturity. Seasons are a sequence of patterns. These patterns are represented through the four seasons of the years. These seasons represent the pattern of life. Plants will grow, thrive, and decay with this pattern. These methods of seasoning represent a new way of an (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2021, History

Emergency hospitals were established as a solution to the problem of high rates of injury and acute illness in American cities during the Progressive Era. These hospitals were important sites of healthcare for patients who otherwise lacked access to health care, but their unique specialization also brought more affluent patients through their doors, and helped to establish hospitals as the default destination for injured persons, rather than homes or jail cells as had been the case before. Emergency hospitals were often beloved community institutions, and widely regarded as necessary and beneficial, though their public perception was shaped by stigmatized as well as sympathetic attitudes towards their patients. Nevertheless, these specialized institutions were ultimately unsustainable and either closed, or expanded into general hospitals.

Committee: Jonathan Sadowsky Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Alan Rocke Ph.D. (Committee Member); John Grabowski Ph.D. (Committee Member); Katharine Van Tassel J.D., M.P.H., B.S.N. (Committee Member) Subjects: Health; Health Care; History; Medicine; Occupational Health; Occupational Safety; Public Health

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2019, EDU Policy and Leadership

Many believe that farmers were originally supportive of the land-grant colleges because of the focus on agricultural science as part of the land-grant curriculum. Although land-grant colleges and farmers are generally aligned in their interests and efforts today, the farmers of the 1850s-early 1900s actually challenged the land-grant colleges for control of governance and funding. Often these challenges occurred between farmers and colleges in Congress and state legislatures. Meanwhile, the alumni were a disorganized group prior to the 1910s that often challenged the university administration's authority and control of the college. Yet, in order to compete with the farmers, the land-grant colleges needed to identify a group of advocates who would lobby legislatures on the land-grant colleges behalf. My research focuses on how one institution, the Ohio State University, used its alumni to parry the attacks of farmers in the early 1910s. Research has been limited on the relationship between the land-grant universities' administration, farmers, and the alumni. Even more limited is the literature that exists about alumni relations during the formative years of the profession (1890-1920). My research identifies how the Ohio State University established authority over the disparate alumni groups in order to use the alumni as advocates in Congress and the state legislature to combat the farmers.

Committee: Bruce Kimball (Advisor); David Staley (Committee Member); Tatiana Suspitsyna (Committee Member); Bryan Warnick (Committee Member) Subjects: Higher Education; Higher Education Administration; History

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2017, Asian Studies (International Studies)

Between the socialist regime during the 1980s and the present-day post-socialist period, Cambodia has undergone a series of remarkable changes. The country's economic system has transitioned from an agricultural-oriented economy to a more manufacturing-oriented economy. The industrial sector has become a major provider of employment and income to young Cambodians. As a result, the country's labor mobility has increased significantly from an almost stagnant to a robust state. With the rapid industrialization and increasing migration from rural areas to urban areas or overseas, the Cambodian government and workers encounter a myriad of challenges and opportunities in the post-socialist period. This thesis explores the transformation of the Cambodian labor mobility from the socialist to the post-socialist period as well as the influences of industrialization on those rural migrants who now live and work in the country's Special Economic Zones. This thesis explores three research questions: (1) How has the recent transition to a capitalist market economy affected migration patterns in Cambodia? (2) What factors have caused rural Cambodian residents to migrate to urban centers and abroad? and (3) What policy suggestions can be made to improve socio-economic conditions for Cambodian migrant workers? In an attempt to answer these research questions, two sample groups, totaling of 58 participants, of domestic migrant and immigrant workers engaged in face-to-face interviews. Cambodia's economic transition has certainly created a large and growing number of manufacturing jobs for rural migrants in newly industrialized urban areas. However, this study finds that unlike conventional thinking that rural migrants are attracted to manufacturing jobs and better economic opportunities offered in cities or overseas, many migrants leave their rural homes due to low productivity in farming. The lack of infrastructure (irrigation system) and the increasing effects of climate change, (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Yeong-Hyun Kim Dr. (Committee Chair); Takaaki Suzuki Dr. (Committee Member); Olga Belskaya Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Asian Studies; Geography; Labor Economics; Labor Relations; Modern History; Political Science

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1957, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Engineering

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2015, Arts and Sciences: History

The Tunisian industrial movement began in the era of Ahmed Bey, crowned ruler of the Ottoman province of Tunis in 1837. Throughout his reign, Ahmed Bey faced a series of exceptional challenges: the ruling class in Tunisia felt the direct external dangers that surrounded them and threatened their security, as Algeria was occupied by France and the Ottomans re-controlled Tripoli. Ahmad Bey loved independence, aggrandizement, and greatness; he was convinced that Tunisia must take advantage of progress, civilization, and military power following the modern European example. This meant that his reform had a solid ground to stand on it, but it would face difficulties and grow in a tough environment. Under those conditions, Tunisian affairs mandated a rapid and uprising “reform thought” that would secure wealth and military power in a short time. The strategy of Ahmad Bey at first was to build a strong modern army that would keep Tunisia safe and enhance his own power. Hence, he built a military school and brought highly qualified European officers and administrators to run it, and then he sent students to European schools to learn various disciplines and skills, while at the same time exposing them to the European culture. The outcome of the strategy favored the reform movement, as it produced an intellectual insemination and in few years served as a vehicle of change. Eventually, none of Ahmed Bey's reforms met with unequivocal success. This study examines the modern industrialization reform during the era of Ahmad Bey. It analyzes both external and internal factors that motivated for reform and the effect of pressure from Europe as well as the replication of the European models of modernity. The evaluation elaborates on the successes and failures of the economic, administrative, and political reforms, plus it explains the extent of their effects on the Tunisian budget.

Committee: Elizabeth Frierson Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Frederic Cadora Ph.D. (Committee Member); Robert Haug Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Middle Eastern History

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2014, Arts and Sciences: History

Certain events in recent history have called into question some long-held assumptions about the colors of our material history. The controversy over the cleaning of the Sistine Chapel posited questions about color to an international audience, and in the United States the restoration of original decorative colors at the homes of many historically significant figures and religious groups has elicited a visceral reaction suggesting the new colors challenge Americans' entrenched notions of what constituted respectable taste, if not comportment, in their forebears. Recent studies have even demonstrated that something as seemingly objective as photography has greatly misled us about the appearance of our past. We tend to see the nineteenth century as a faded, sepia-toned monochrome. But nothing could be further from the truth. Coloring Their World: Americans and Decorative Color in the Nineteenth Century, argues that in that century we can witness one of the only true democratizations in American history—the diffusion of color throughout every level of society. In the eighteenth century American aristocrats brandished color like a weapon, carefully crafting the material world around them as a critical part of their political and social identities, cognizant of the power afforded them by color's correct use, and the consequences of failure. In their “classless” and not fully literate society glossy colorful carriages spoke with grandiloquence about their owners' place in the world. In an aristocracy of the untitled, verdigris parlors bore the same power to intimidate as a gilded family crest. But their time was the last time that color could be so easily wielded. From the first flushes of pink and green in the early nineteenth-century homes of American elites, to the industrialized, commodified, synthesized hot pinks and electric blues available to literally everyone by century's end, color collapsed class lines. No longer even remotely a trapping of aristoc (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Wayne Durrill Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Frederic Krome Ph.D. (Committee Member); Christopher Phillips Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: American History

Master of Arts in History, Youngstown State University, 2012, Department of Humanities

This study examines how Soviet and Western institutions, governmental agencies, presses, and publishing companies often created an image that the Soviet Union was progressing towards an industrialized nation through the inauguration of the First Five-Year Plan, 1928-1932. This study also examines how individuals themselves viewed this industrialization. The study revolves around two industrial cities constructed during the First Five-Year Plan and its immediate aftermath in the Soviet Union: Magnitogorsk and Nizhnii Novgorod. Government city planners constructed whole new industrial and housing facilities from the ground up in locations practically barren just a few years earlier. To the Soviet government these cities were symbols of socialism‘s ability to build planned socialist cities, and by extension their ability to build a new society. The history, importance, and portrayal of these two cities are a microcosm of the Soviet industrialization process in general. Through this study, it becomes apparent the constructed image is one of progress, either progress achieved or in some cases progress unachieved. Soviet as well as Western presses and publications often created an image that the Soviet Union, through its industrialization, was building a new modern society. Furthermore, many of those involved in the construction of these cities, both Westerners and Soviet citizens, seemingly agreed with the images being constructed by the press.

Committee: Brian Bonhomme Ph.D. (Advisor); Donna DeBlasio Ph.D. (Committee Member); David Simonelli Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Modern History; Russian History; World History

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2009, History

The United States experienced considerable economic expansion and social transformations between the Civil War and 1900. Industrialization and immigration were important elements of the changes and contributed not only to the growing wealth of the nation, but also to an increase in the industrial labor force. As the size of the industrial workforce increased, so too did the number of workers who were dissatisfied with their conditions and rebelled through a variety of ways. But the widespread upheaval by workers never manifested itself into a unified labor organization or political party. This paper addresses the causes of a weak labor movement in one Midwestern community, South Bend, Indiana. South Bend's experiences mirrored developments in many other communities during the Gilded Age. Its economic growth and industrialization accelerated considerably after the Civil War, as did the number of foreign born who were employed in the growing factories. Deteriorating working conditions led to several attempts by South Bend's workers to alleviate their condition through strikes or union organization, but with only minimal success. Though the Knights of Labor had a short lived presence in South Bend in the mid-1880s, there was never a widespread, persistent labor unity in the city. After examining the industrial and immigration developments in the United States as a whole, and South Bend, specifically, this dissertation concludes that South Bend's labor movement was hampered by the presence of a labor force divided by ethnicity. There were divisions between the native population and immigrant population, but also divisions between the various ethnic groups. Most of the immigrant groups created ethnic communities at the expense of class cohesion. In addition, the management policies of several large employers exacerbated the barriers by favoring one group of workers over another, or manipulating the laborers to prevent unity in the shops. The result of the varied ethnic (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Diane F. Britton PhD (Advisor); Charles N. Glaab PhD (Committee Member); Ronald Lora PhD (Committee Member); Timothy Messer-Kruse PhD (Committee Member); Doris Van Auken PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2004, Sociology

Most approaches adopted to explain the growth of the post-industrial complex focus on “modernization” through manufacture and industrialization. Unlike the industrial revolution, however, the post-industrial age is characterized by new divisions of labor emphasizing knowledge, information dissemination, sharing, coordination and control (i.e., advanced services). Because existing theories were not developed to explain post-industrialism, they may be misleading or inapplicable. As such, the purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to ecologically contextualize the post-industrial revolution and, (2) to create an empirical and practical model useful in explaining the post-industrial revolution using global life insurance penetration as a proxy. To this end four issues are addressed. First, I assess current theory with an eye toward synthesis in order to provide a holistic explanatory context for post-industrial evolution. Second, I demonstrate how life insurance penetration acts as a proxy for post-industrial growth. Third, I outline key hypothetical drivers of post-industrial change using the life insurance industry as a springboard. Finally, I analyze a pooled, cross-sectional time series of 49 countries over ten years (1991 to 2000) giving empirical support to these hypothetical drivers of post-industrial participation. Based upon theoretical synthesis, my conjunctual ecological model posits a causal process for post-industrial growth along four dimensions: geographic/environmental, demographic, socio-organizational/economic, and cyclical/temporal. Controlling for economic development, all dimensions yield fairly robust results. Geographically, national predisposition to shipping shows a strong net positive effect; also, demographic indicators such as population dependency, death rate and female labor force participation demonstrate broad net influences on insurance penetration. Socio-organizational variables such as savings and household consumption have little predi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Edward Crenshaw (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2008, Southeast Asian Studies (International Studies)

Handicrafts have become increasingly popular in the global market. Countries throughout the developing world are exporting handicrafts to the developed world, creating a new source of revenue and employment. The recent development of the Vietnamese handicraft industry and the role that government policies and exporting businesses play in it are the focus of this thesis. Handicraft villages and artisans serve as the producers of handicrafts, while handicraft exporting businesses find and provide the artisans with marketing opportunities for their products. This thesis draws upon in-depth interviews with two handicraft villages, Dong Ho and Ngoc Dong villages, as well as three exporting businesses, Craft Link, Ngoc Dong Weaving Company, and Hoa Lu Fine Arts and Handicrafts.

Committee: Yeong-Hyun Kim PhD (Committee Chair); Drew McDaniel PhD (Committee Member); Gregory Emery PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

BA, Oberlin College, 1981, Sociology

The combination of modernization and industrialization and the persistence of traditional attitudes serves to create a unique set of tensions and strains within the Japanese social system. The position of women is one such area in which the conflicting demands of this system are especially evident. Women in contemporary Japanese society are still expected to be "good wives and mothers" yet they are also often required to participate in the workforce in an economy beset by spiraling inflation. Even those women who are not forced to work by necessity have found that the importance of their wife/mother role has been significantly reduced by demographic and technological changes. The tension affecting women's status and roles within contemporary Japanese society is the focus of this paper. I will use Wilbert Moore's theory of social change, concentrating on the concomitants and consequences of industrialization and modernization to analyze the processes and effects of social change on women's roles and status, and to construct a hypothesis concerning the future roles of women.

Committee: Albert McQueen (Advisor) Subjects: Families and Family Life; Sociology; Womens Studies

Master of Arts in History, Cleveland State University, 2011, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences

In 1850 the village and township of Newburgh, six miles southeast of Cleveland was a farming community sparsely populated by families who were predominantly of New England descent. Within two decades several iron and steel mills had been erected just north of the village, while a large state hospital for the mentally ill had been built just south of the village. The population of the area increased dramatically as English, Welsh, Irish, and finally Polish immigrants arrived to work in the mills. In 1873 the village of Newburgh and much of the surrounding township was annexed by the city of Cleveland, becoming the Eighteenth Ward, nicknamed “The Iron Ward.” This thesis examines the lives of the Yankee farmers and their families as they adjusted to the striking physical and demographic changes wrought by industrialization, urbanization and immigration, covering the transitional period between 1850 and 1882. The work is divided into seven chapters, including the introduction and the conclusion. Chapter 2 describes the geographic advantages that made Newburgh a healthy alternative to the swampy land in Cleveland, the topographical features that encouraged agricultural pursuits and eventually attracted industrial pursuits, and the man-made structures erected for business and community functions. Chapter 3 examines the growth of businesses; the early businesses that supported the farming community, the coming of the iron mills and the asylum, and the emergence of a small central business district that offered goods and services to the growing population. Chapter four examines the influence of faith and religion, chronicling the growth of the three predominant Protestant churches and the intersection of religion and middle-class values. Chapter 5 looks at social and community life, including both formal voluntary associations and informal community ties. Finally Chapter 6 examines the ways in which the Yankee residents of Newburgh continued to be influenced by, and identi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Robert Shelton PhD (Advisor); David Goldberg PhD (Committee Member); Mark Souther PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History; Individual and Family Studies