MS, Kent State University, 2017, College of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Health Sciences

The purpose of this study was to compare food safety knowledge among undergraduate hospitality majors versus nutrition majors. The four hypotheses included there being a difference in food safety knowledge between hospitality management majors and nutrition majors, between freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors within each major, between participants who are ServSafe certified and those who are not, and participants with food service experience and those without. This was a non- experimental, two-way factorial design, with independent variables including major and education level of student. Dependent variables included food safety knowledge on five subsections of food safety and total food safety knowledge. Undergraduate nutrition majors and hospitality majors completed the statistically validated Food Safety Knowledge Questionnaire, FSKQ. The scores for each scale, which corresponded to a section in the test, were calculated by adding the total points earned within each section. Means and standard deviations for knowledge scores from each section were reported along with the total. Data was analyzed using SPSS software with significant data required to have a p value of =0.05. A 2x4 factorial ANOVA was performed on each subscale knowledge section and overall. Results suggested that food safety knowledge does not appear to be any different among hospitality management and nutrition students, or students who are ServSafe certified or not. However, there appears to be a significant differences educational level, which may be due to class order.

Committee: Natalie Caine-Bish Dr. (Advisor) Subjects: Nutrition

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2003, Human Nutrition and Food Management

The strategic use of management information systems (MIS) can convey competitive value. For this reason, it is important to understand which antecedents are associated with system success. By utilizing theoretical assumptions from several fields: strategic management, MIS, and hospitality, this study develops a model of Restaurant Management Information System (RMIS) success for the foodservice industry. The purpose of this study was to identify current information technology (IT) trends in the foodservice industry, to identify the types and quality of IT training and support offered to managers, and to develop and test the RMIS model. This study uses survey research. A survey was administered to restaurant managers (n = 243) to gather data about their system features and effectiveness. This study demonstrated several important findings. First, many foodservice establishments are utilizing systems more than indicated in earlier foodservice literature. Food and labor cost analyses, sales forecasts, server performance evaluations, menu analysis, and e-mail are commonly utilized by today's restaurant manager. Second, this study provides support for contingency theory, that is, firms do not use systems equally. Full and quick service restaurants, chains and independents, and successful and unsuccessful restaurants all utilized systems differently. Third, this study provided partial support for systems implementation theory. This study found that training related to system success, but not support. The availability (hours) of support provided by the “help desk” did not relate to system success. Lastly, this study used regression analysis to test the RMIS research model. The first regression model of RMIS success, with decision-making support satisfaction as a dependent variable, exhibited a fit of .450. Four antecedents – system use, system quality, report quality, and training quality –were significant. Sensitivity analysis was conducted on the regression analysis, and (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: R. Thomas George (Advisor) Subjects: Business Administration, General

Master of Fine Arts, Miami University, 2024, Art

This study addresses a critical issue facing John Carroll University (JCU): the potential shortcomings in its on-site campus visit experience, which may not effectively foster engagement among traditional-aged prospective students. The research seeks to identify specific elements within the visit experience that, if changed, could boost students' post-visit engagement scores and increase their likelihood of enrolling. Grounded in experience, service, and interior design principles and framed by the concept of radical hospitality, this study explores how an intentionally crafted visit experience can distinguish JCU from competitors. The research also examines the role of technology, people, personalization, and impactful first impressions. Using a mixed methods approach, the study produced findings that led to a real-world project of redesigning the JCU campus visit service design blueprint. When portions of the new blueprint were implemented, post-visit prospective student engagement scores were measured and compared to a baseline, controlling for student cohort, time of year, and other factors. The study found that by improving the campus visit service design through tailored, immersive, and distinctive experiences, post-visit engagement scores did, in fact, increase. JCU can leverage these insights to foster deeper connections with prospective students, driving enrollment growth and long-term institutional success.

Committee: Dennis Cheatham (Advisor); Rachel Beech (Committee Member); Zack Tucker (Committee Member) Subjects: Higher Education; Higher Education Administration

Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.), Franklin University, 2024, Business Administration

This qualitative exploratory case aimed to understand what businesses do when faced with economic conditions developed through a sports strike. The study delves into the strategies employed by successful hospitality business owners to navigate sports labor negotiation experiences. The researcher seeks to understand how these experienced small business owners have managed to survive and thrive despite the economic upheavals caused by work stoppages in sports. The key to this adaptation lies in neighborhood adaptability, economic impact, cultural framework structures, and contingency thinking using the theoretical aspects of Servant Leadership when economic development can disrupt typical economic activities. This study and its voice could contribute to the next time a sports labor negotiation impacts a city district's economic system or any economic system where an indirect business component is suddenly stopped or taken away. This research was a collective effort, not just about sports labor negotiations and seasonal expectations, but for hospitality leaders in the business industry, empowering them to face future challenges. Three category themes emerged from twelve semi-structured interviews: (1) Change in Operations, (2) Employee and Staff Developments, and (3) Patron Experience, which helped develop 12 sub-themes assist as a road map to adaptability in the change in a business culture or economic ecosystem. There were recommendations to move forward with another indirect area outside sports, such as travel or city development. Another identified research potential by opening the participation area or demographics from a neighborhood to a city or region.

Committee: Leo Sedlmeyer (Committee Chair); Stephen Stewart (Committee Member); Crissie Jameson (Committee Member) Subjects: Business Administration; Economics; Food Science; Marketing; Sports Management

PHD, Kent State University, 2024, College of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Teaching, Learning and Curriculum Studies

On a global scale, organizations are experiencing workforce and employee shortages that vary from one industry to another, and the hospitality industry is among the worst affected (De Smet et al., 2022). The primary purpose of this study was to identify and explore factors that contribute to turnover and attrition in the foodservice industry so that recommendations for change can be given to those who work in the industry to decrease turnover and attrition rates and promote career longevity. Data was collected from multiple sources: 1) Ohio ProStart CTE hospitality graduates who have worked in the foodservice industry, 2) Ohio ProStart CTE hospitality instructors, and 3) foodservice managers from Northeast Ohio. Data was collected from the graduates and instructors using a survey. The surveys gathered quantitative and qualitative data on factors contributing to foodservice worker turnover and attrition. Data from foodservice managers was collected using interviews. Additionally, participants from all three groups provided suggestions for reducing turnover and attrition in the foodservice industry. Qualitative data was analyzed using content and thematic analysis, triangulation, and SPSS was used to analyze descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that compensation, environment, and management factors, along with worker feelings contribute to turnover and attrition in the foodservice industry. Compensatory factors, such as wages and hours were cited by the graduates and instructors as the most prominent reasons why workers leave their foodservice jobs. Foodservice managers indicated that feelings and qualities of foodservice workers play a dynamic role in the turnover and attrition issue in the foodservice industry.

Committee: Joanne Caniglia (Advisor); Davison Mupinga (Committee Member); Scott Courtney (Committee Member); Ning-Kuang Chuang (Committee Co-Chair) Subjects: Education; School Counseling; Vocational Education

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2022, English

Setting the Table: Ethos-As-Relationship in Food Writing employs methods from rhetoric and technical and professional communication to argue that the rhetorical mode of ethos should be understood as fundamentally relational, rather than as a more discreet property of communication synonymous with the rhetor's authority or character. I argue that reconceiving ethos-as-relationship better accounts for the rhetorical strategies used by the food writers who identify as women, Black, Indigenous, Latinx, and/or as part of the LGBTQ+ community whose texts I analyze, which include food memoirs, decolonial cookbooks, and food blogs. Food writing is a valuable place to examine the development of ethos because food writers are especially attuned to hospitality, a structural metaphor that all rhetors can use as a framework for understanding their relationship to their audience. A key focus of my analysis is the development of these food writers' textual personas, or their self-portrayal within the text. Textual personas are crucial to the development of what I call the ethotic relationship between writers and readers because a reader is unlikely to meet the writer in person, and an ethotic relationship can only be formed with another party. Ethos-as-relationship has important implications for understanding expertise and professional identity, especially for those rhetors who occupy historically-marginalized positionalities, as they must often work harder to negotiate a position of authority in relation to their audiences.

Committee: Kimberly Emmons (Advisor); T. Kenny Fountain (Committee Member); Vera Tobin (Committee Member); Mary Grimm (Committee Member); Christopher Flint (Committee Member) Subjects: Composition; Rhetoric; Technical Communication

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2021, Hospitality and Tourism, College of Education

The global wellness market is the fastest growing market and is comprised of $4.5 trillion in 2021. The wellness industry consists of but is not limited to wellness tourism, physical activity, fitness, workplace wellness, spa industry, healthy eating, nutrition, and weight loss. As wellness awareness is getting attention, the hotels that provide wellness services have attracted attention within the hospitality industry. The hotel industry is looking to grow its business and the hotel professionals need to adopt wellness services to be more profitable. The wellness need of the hotel customers is an important factor for the hotels to be successful. To maintain sustained effort of wellbeing throughout the daily lifestyle, individuals are motivated to use wellness services. Consequently, it is important to identify the individual's motivation to use wellness services. While several previous studies found that perseverance and passion for long-term goals to stay physically fit is the antecedent for maintaining wellness, it was also found that perseverance and passion can predict wellness behavior. Grit is the psychological factor that is defined as perseverance and passion for completing long-term goals. This study proposes that grit is one of the psychological traits of the individuals that plays part in engaging in wellness activities during a hotel stay. Grit is the perseverance people show in achieving certain goals such as engaging in physical activity and sustaining it. 4 This study explores how grit in customers drives them to seek wellness activities during travel. Studying grit may help predict future wellness behavioral outcomes of the customers in the hospitality industry. While grit is a new construct, it has been proven to be a distinguishing factor in the transtheoretical model (TTM) stages of physical activity behavior. The purpose of this study was to assess different wellness services and amenities in the hospitality industry and (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Hyeyoon (Rebecca) Choi Dr (Advisor) Subjects: Personality Psychology

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2021, French, Italian, and Classical Studies

This thesis studies the relationships between sport and migration in Baru's comics. Examining sport as a pull factor of migration in these comics leads us to the close analysis of individual experiences, trajectories, and motivations. Respectively set in the colonial and the postcolonial era, Le Chemin de l'Amerique and Fais peter les basses, Bruno! reveal similar patterns used to account for Said Boudiaf's and Slimane's journeys from Africa to France, with America being the ultimate destination for Said. Analyzed comparatively, these two comics enable us not only to codify Baru's unique style, but also to unravel a tradition of discourses and imaginaries that make the connection between sport and migration trendy and complex. At the level of the form, this thesis seeks to analyze how Baru uses similar techniques, resources, and strategies in these two comics to account for individual migration narratives, with an emphasis on the aesthetics of the image over the text. At the level of content, this thesis will analyze how sport, in tracing migration roads, unveils political, economic, and social imaginaries that connect Africa to France.

Committee: Mark McKinney (Advisor); Elisabeth Hodges (Committee Member); Jonathan Strauss (Committee Member) Subjects: African History; African Literature; African Studies; Art Criticism; Literature

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2021, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Hospitality can be regarded as a cornerstone of Ethiopian culture. The intense social interaction also can be perceived easily even if it is exercised in various ways depending on the number, condition, and locale of the community. Ethiopians are substantially attached to their culture and ethics, and as a result, these inveterate traditions were brought to North America by Ethiopian immigrants. These traditions have been passed on to the second and third generations, though, where and how the new immigrants practice these might differ. In the case of Cincinnati, religious institutions play a major role in being the locus where such traditions are put into practice. As Ethiopian immigrants began forming a congregation, local church buildings purchased from other religions, mainly Catholic and protestant churches, were used as places of worship as a stopgap measure. However, some of the spaces of the church have to be transformed to abide by Ethiopian Orthodox church ordinances such as a partitioned sanctuary (where the altar rests) and qidist (where communicants stand during liturgy), secluded church building from the ancillary programs, and related space requirements. The ordinances have a great value which distinguishes the Ethiopian church from the other Eastern Orthodox churches that share the same doctrine. As ordinance in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahdo is defined as a directive of implementing the church's dogma, it applies to every aspect in the observance of worship since the physical building or the congregation or the human body itself can be referred to as a church. The rendered spatial adaptations and modifications are very substantial as they revamp the interior space to be efficient for the ritual activity, mainly, in liturgical service. Introducing social interaction into the church building itself, however, has been controversial to envisage with the ordinance, since the communal practice and the church tradition are different in space uti (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Joss Kiely Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Alexander Christoforidis M.C.R.P. M.Arch (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Ministry , Ashland University, 2020, Doctor of Ministry Program

The purpose of this project was to impact the participants' spiritual formation through shared meals in the Summit neighborhood of Canton, Ohio through the participation of weekly neighborhood meals for five weeks. The design of the project included the administration of pre-test and post-test questionnaires, along with qualitative questions. The results of these shared meals revealed that participants became more aware of who their neighbors were, alongside an understanding of how God could meet them at the table. The connection of these participants has since benefited the neighborhood by breaking barriers and exemplifying God's diverse Kingdom to others in the area.

Committee: Matthew Bevere Dr. (Advisor) Subjects: Minority and Ethnic Groups; Personal Relationships; Spirituality

MS, Kent State University, 2020, College of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Foundations, Leadership and Administration

The objective of this study was to determine what factors are predictive of intent to stay within the hospitality industry. The study used the variables of psychological contracts, belonging, perceived organizational support, sense of calling, professional friendships, and background information to determine if they individually or jointly have a predictive effect on one's intent to stay. An online survey instrument was developed to be taken by individuals who have had experiences within the hospitality and/or service industry. Demographics, professional friendships, and perceived organizational support were the main predictors of individuals' intention to stay. There was a mix of positive and negative predictors. Results could be helpful for managers when developing benefits or social experiences. In addition, managers may be able to better assess the variables that assist in retaining quality talent.

Committee: Ning-Kuang Chuang (Committee Chair); Andrew Lepp (Committee Member); Philip Wang (Committee Member) Subjects: Management

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, Consumer Sciences

Currently hospitality literature on lifestyle hotels predominantly hold a concept that is defined by the industry. Contradicting such perspective, chapter 2 adopts a phenomenological approach to redefine the meaning of lifestyle hotel and lifestyle hotel experience that is generated within consumers. It is discovered that sense of community and culture is the spirit of a lifestyle hotel that lives up to its name. In addition, it is uncovered that lifestyle hotels are essentially different from traditional hotels for meeting consumer's higher-ordered social needs. Chapter 3 inherits the definition of lifestyle hotel from chapter 2 and demonstrates the development of a scale, LHEI—Lifestyle Hotel Experience Index, that captures consumer's lifestyle hotel experience. The validity and reliability of LHEI is also provided. In chapter 4, findings form the former two chapters are combined and tested quantitatively. Results suggested that findings in chapter 2 and LHEI form chapter 3 have adaptive usefulness in hospitality research. Additionally, lifestyle hotels are found to have the psychological function of fulfilling consumer's basic psychological needs—relatedness; as well as the behavioral functions of consumer's willingness to pay a premium to stay at lifestyle hotels compared with traditional hotels and their intention to share their lifestyle hotel experience on social media when they feel their relatedness needs are satisfied. This dissertation contributes to hospitality research by providing new avenues for lifestyle hotel research. It contributes to the industry as a wakeup call for more sustainable and consumer-centric strategies in value co-creation. Most importantly, it may provide channels for promoting consumer's psychological wellbeing.

Committee: Milos Bujisic (Committee Chair); Stephanie Liu (Committee Co-Chair); Jay Kandampully (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Sciences; Marketing

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2020, Hospitality and Tourism, College of Education

Background: As the assisted living facilities (ALFs) supply expands, service quality and residents' satisfaction become top priorities in gaining competitive advantages in the marketplace. It is important for ALF operators to understand the perceived service quality by their residents and then improve the service they provide. However, there is limited literature that focuses on exploring the residents' perception of service quality in ALFs. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the perceived service quality by residents based on the five SERVQUAL dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) in ALFs. Method: A qualitative approach was adopted. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted. Eight participants who lived in one ALF participated in this study. Content analysis was used to identify and present the significant aspects of participants' responses based on the five dimensions of the SERVQUAL model. Findings: The study participants stated that the facility provided a home-like environment that made their stay in an ALF much happier and more meaningful. They also indicated a perception of high food quality through a variety of choices, offering substitutes, three meals a day, and satisfactory food. In terms of reliability, participants reported that providing a safe place and privacy made them realize the facility was dependable. Staff members showing concern and good attitudes generated participants' perception of a sympathetic and reassuring facility. They pointed out a preference that the staff not only addressed their problems, informed them about the available activities, and responded to their requests efficiently but also carried them out thoughtfully and with emotional consideration. Participants perceived the staff as assuring because of their professionalism, politeness, and trustworthiness. All participants described satisfaction at receiving verbal and behavioral respect and attention fro (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Sandy Chen (Advisor); Julie Brown (Committee Member); Yegan Pillay (Committee Member); Beth VanDerveer (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Gerontology; Marketing

MS, Kent State University, 2020, College of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Foundations, Leadership and Administration

Several researchers have conducted studies investigating the challenges faced by people living with disabilities when they participate in tourism activities. Some of these barriers have been removed due to the implementation of the Americans with Disability Act. However informational challenges still exist even with the popularity of technology. Smart tourism has gained a lot of attention in recent times due to its potential to provide useful information that can remove the informational barriers that still exits. This research explores the characteristics of smart tourism platforms that are most important to people living with mobility challenges. In order to achieve this objective, this study adopted a qualitative approach. The researcher collected information from participants using in depth interviews. Five participants with mobility challenges were interviewed. Prior to the interview, participants downloaded the Disney experience app which has smart tourism features. Participants were encouraged to familiarize themselves with the app before the interview. Data collected were analyzed using the five-step approach for analyzing qualitative data designed by O'Connor and Gibson (2003). Direct quotations were also used to support finding. The results of the study revealed that information quality, personalization, and interactivity were the most important features to people living with mobility challenges when they used smart tourism platforms like that of Disney. Hospitality and tourism organizations therefore need to provide specific information about accessibility and desist from using the umbrella term “ADA accessible.” Also, personalization and interactivity must not be taken for granted.

Committee: Seon Jeong Lee (Advisor); Kiwon Lee (Committee Member); Aviad Israeli (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Sciences

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

In this diasporic world as the city starts getting diverse each day, can architecture create a sense of belonging amongst the in-coming immigrant as well as the already established resident? “Hospitality” comes from the Latin word; hospes, meaning “host”, “guest”, or “stranger”; it can also be defined as the relationship be-tween the guest and the host. The growing number of international migrant population is often caught in this relationship. Immigrants leave their homes and countries to form new ones in sometimes an unfamiliar culture, which starts transforming their identity. The immigrants or guests are looking for connections with their past identities while trying to become a part of the new host culture and the host culture on the other hand, is constantly negotiating with its security and infiltration issues due to the new guest culture. This interaction comes with the problem of the delicate dialogue between the guest and the host where neither are wrong in their concerns of preserving their culture and gives rise to the question of the extent till which each should accommodate the other. Jac-que Derrida explains through his theories on hospitality the relationship between conditional and unconditional hospitality and the restricted nature of national hospitality to legal and illegal immigrants. Architecture when combined with this theory can play an important role in influ-encing an immigrant's experience of a new place while reconnecting them with their identities. It can govern this relationship of the guest and a host while informing the experience of losing the sense of feel-ing at home and revealing the disintegrating entrance of Otherness into a coherent home space. The aim is to explore conditional and unconditional hospitality through ar-chitectural interventions in the planning of cities with a growing immigrant population to help maintain cultural continuity and hu-manize the present and future built environment. Chicag (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

MS, Kent State University, 2019, College of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Foundations, Leadership and Administration

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of college student on job insecurity and how these perceptions affect their choice of jobs or career paths. The study was aimed to inquire if college students were more likely to choose jobs based on their job insecurity perceptions. Also, the study focused on gender disparities among males and females when selecting jobs or careers based on perceived insecurity. A survey was conducted on Qualtrics for students in a Northeast Ohio university who were registered for management class in Spring 2019. A total of 269 responses were used for the analysis. The results indicated that perceived job insecurity had no impact on career selections for college students. Job insecurity perceptions and gender differences also had no impact on perceptions about the hospitality industry.

Committee: Aviad Israeli (Advisor) Subjects: Management; Social Research

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2019, Theatre

This dissertation considers how we engage with fellow human beings and how the common human practice of hospitality impacts those relationships, specifically the relationship between spectator and performer in theatrical performance. Hospitality has been the topic of scholarly consideration in several disciplines, ranging from philosophy to the hospitality industry. It has also been peripherally addressed in theatre practice through the proliferation of audience engagement strategies. Beginning from a sociological and theoretical understanding of hospitality, this project deepens the interplay between hospitality and performance. Its Practice-as-Research framework uses a theatrical performance experiment to address the question: How might one create hospitable content and circumstances that encourage the co-creation of meaning? I have embedded hospitality throughout the development, rehearsal, and performance. Data collection from this experiment has involved surveys, interviews, autoethnography, and retrospectives analyzing the procedures and impacts of the process and production of my performance experiment, a new work entitled Four People. Analysis of my results yields a new hospitality, the component parts of which are partnership and play. I argue that hospitality is the means by which we connect to other people and therefore, the best means to connect spectators and performers. Considering human interaction in this way, the framework of hospitality I am advocating can influence all modes of human engagement, from the classroom to the conference room to the political rally. The effective and affective use of hospitality I have developed will generate greater forms of human connection and contribute to a more empathetic society.

Committee: Jennifer Schlueter PhD (Advisor); Richardson Jack PhD (Committee Member); Zuniga-Shaw Norah MFA (Committee Member); Bergelson Vitaly PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Performing Arts; Social Research; Theater; Theater Studies

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2018, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Current hotel typologies often do not promote traveler interaction with the hotel location. Franchise hotels distance themselves from their surroundings with walls, fences, and exclusive programming. They are a great way to experience a space that will be internationally uniform. They offer no way to experience the unique context of their location. AirBnb's platform of connecting travelers with property owners of excess lodging has demonstrated this and the potential to make money while giving travelers a trusted alternative to chain hotels. It also gives travelers a more authentic view of the local context. Most importantly, it has shown its potential to encourage and curate engagement within cities through their promotion of “Experiences”. Hotel business is rapidly being adversely affected as more people choose AirBnb over traditional hotels.

Committee: Henry Hildebrandt M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

The Na Pali Coast on the island of Kaua'i, Hawaii is known world-wide for its stunning natural beauty, rugged landscape and lush towering peaks that rise boldly along the ocean. Tourists and hikers flock to the challenging eleven-mile Kalalau Trail that treks through this remarkable and sometimes dangerous landscape. Nearly a million people visit this beautiful coastline each year, with thousands obtaining permits to enjoy a week camping along the daunting trail. Due to such popularity, environmental damage has occurred at an alarming rate. As one of the first settlement points for the ancient Hawaiians, the coastline is not only sacred but home to some of the oldest archeological sites in Hawaiian history. In addition to environmental harm, many of the cherished ancient monuments have experienced severe destruction to the degree that the State of Hawaii has threatened to close the Kalalau trail if damage persists. This thesis is a solution that deploys a community of sustainable pods structures that are strategically placed into the lush landscape of the Kalalau Valley which effectively eliminates the environmental damage caused by tents and tarps. These pods provide shelter, electricity, freshwater, and a place to sleep during their week long adventures along the Kalalau Trail. In addition to the accommodation pods, a second larger structure is constructed to address the production of food, food service, educational components, and provides a social epicenter for guests during their stay. The design and execution of this thesis confronts landscape and monument damage, promotes cultural awareness, sustainability, and the importance of environmental stewardship through design.

Committee: Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Christoph Klemmt A.A. Dipl. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

MS, Kent State University, 2016, College of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Foundations, Leadership and Administration

Women managers always occupied an important position in the hospitality industry. However, the career path to working women is never smooth. In china, hotel women managers have their own specific barriers on their career path. To date, little research has specifically focus on China hotel women managers working situation. This research examined the factors that influent women managers' career success of mainland China hotel. The goals of this study are: (1) understanding the importance of women's career success; (2) understand how to achieve success as a hospitality female; (3) provide behavior tactics to females within the hospitality industry; and (4) increase female employees' confidence and problem-solving abilities. The interplay of career variables including: self-awareness, career ambition, ICM-career goal, ICM-career management, OCM, gender stereotype, public opinion and career motivation were investigated. Regression and ANOVA were selected to investigate career variables' influence on participants' career success and examine the difference among career variables with these women managers' age, education, working positions, working years, education, feminism or not and hotel type (international hotel and domestic hotel). Results showed that the variables of ICM had the most significant relationship with career success. Career ambition and OCM are irreplaceable on hotel women managers' career success. Advices and suggestions are presented for hotel female practitioners and students to help them with their career path planning. Implications and limitations could be took advantage of a basis for the future studies.

Committee: Ning-Kuang Chuang (Committee Chair); Barbara Scheule, (Committee Member); Suzanne Holt (Committee Member) Subjects: Asian Studies; Business Administration; Labor Relations