Doctor of Philosophy, University of Akron, 2016, History

My dissertation is a world history project that offers an historical perspective for understanding the existence and meaning of honor crimes. I focus on the history of honor-related violence in Turkey, which I contend can only be understood within the international context of twentieth-century modernization, state-formation, and nationalist projects. The Turkish nationalist state initiated an intensive process of modernization beginning in the late 1920s and lasting through the majority of the 20th century. My project examines the impact the nationalist modernization project had on the culture of honor and the existence of honor-related gendered violence, and argues against the ahistorical portrayal of Middle Eastern societies as “backward” bastions of patriarchy. Instead, I propose that honor-related violence has a very specific, yet complex recent history that has as much to do with “modernization” as it does with tradition. Although my project focuses on Turkey, I include a case study of honor crimes as discussed in Brazilian legal codes that were created or preserved by nationalist “modernizing” regimes. This study offers a nuanced historical explanation, on the one hand, of the ways in which the culture of honor and the nationalist state overlapped and often supported one another, and on the other hand, of how nationalist modernizing projects created the environments in which honor crimes tended to proliferate, such as during periods of civil war and in communities that are marginalized due to institutionalized racial, gendered, and ethno-nationalist discrimination.

Committee: Janet Klein Dr. (Advisor); Tracey Jean Boisseau Dr. (Committee Member); Martha Santos Dr. (Committee Member); Richard Steigmann-Gall Dr. (Committee Member); Maria Alejandra Zanetta Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Comparative; Gender Studies; History; Latin American History; Latin American Studies; Middle Eastern History; Middle Eastern Studies; World History

MA, Kent State University, 2021, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of English

William Shakespeare's tragedies dwell upon death, loss, grief, and sacrifice. But one of the common, underlying and at times unexpected components that recurs throughout the tragedies is honor. For Shakespeare's honor is tied to human life, as Julius Caesar insinuates to his wife, “Cowards die many times before their deaths; / The valiant never taste of death but once” (2.2.32-33). Shakespeare's honor is largely connected to how one lives their life, whether it be honorably in bravery, or cowardly in fear. The concept is further developed in Othello, when Iago says, “Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, / Is the immediate jewel of their souls” (3.3. 183-184). If one does not possess an honorable character, in other words, he or she owns nothing of import. This is reiterated in Richard II, when Mowbray says, “Take honor from me, and my life is done” (1.1.183). However, Shakespeare's portrayal of honor often displays an ambivalence between the Christian and the pagan-humanist values of honor in his age. He toys with the concept of honor radically within the minds of several of his most prominent characters, namely the protagonists in King Lear, Coriolanus, and Macbeth. For these three men, honor becomes a moral trap, and they each meet tragic fates as a result. In this paper, I seek to illuminate the different functions of honor and how this coincides with Shakespeare's overall theme which suggests that honor and (quality of) life go hand in hand, which demonstrates the idea that the pursuit of glory can prove to be a snare for the overly ambitious man.

Committee: Don-John Dugas (Advisor); Vera Camden (Committee Member); Ann Martinez (Committee Member) Subjects: Literature

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2020, Leadership and Change

This qualitative research study explored the influence of life experiences and personal ethics of George Ciampa, a United States military veteran; his work in establishing American military cemeteries in Europe; and later work as a community leader committed to teaching American youth about the cost of freedom. Dimensions of ethical leadership and public service motivation served as the theoretical framework for the study. The research extended knowledge on ethical constructs within the fields of leadership studies and public administration; recorded personal experiences that were absent in military historical archives; and increased awareness of aspects of the U.S. military subculture. The research exploration was guided by an overarching question of how Ciampa reflected on his sense of public service over his lifetime. The study employed narrative life story methodology and visual research methods. Data collection was an iterative process and included segmented life story interviews and historical archival research. Findings included identification of a major theme (liberty) and three supporting sub-themes (duty, honor, and country) influencing Ciampa's life and leadership path. A comparative analysis of the themes discovered with shared tenets of ethical leadership and public service motivation is provided. This dissertation is available in open access at AURA: Antioch University Repository and Archive, http://aura.antioch.edu/, and OhioLINK ETD Center, https://etd.ohiolink.edu/.

Committee: Philomena Essed Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Donna Ladkin Ph.D. (Committee Member); Natalie Underberg-Goode Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Military History

MA, Kent State University, 2017, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Psychological Sciences

Do people effectively regulate their learning of categories? In the current experiment, this question was investigated by adapting methods from Kornell and Metcalfe (2006). Two hundred and fifty-seven undergraduate students first practiced categorizing members of six artificial categories (called Fribbles). After practice, they made category learning judgments: For each category, they rated (on a scale from 0%-100%) the likelihood that they would correctly categorize new exemplars. Next, they selected half of the categories for restudy. Their selections were either honored (they restudied the selected categories) or dishonored (they restudied the unselected categories). Final test performance was greater when selections were honored, mean = .83 (SEM = .02), than dishonored, M = .73 (.02). Participants also differed in how they used category learning judgments to select categories for restudy. Many participants selected the categories they had given lower judgments (judged as less-well-learned), but some selected the categories they had given higher judgments (judged as more-well-learned). Participants who selected the less-well-learned categories performed better on the final test when their selections were honored, M =.93 (.02), than dishonored, M = .74 (.02), but those who selected the more-well-learned categories performed better when their selections were dishonored, M = .77 (.04), than honored, M = .61 (.05). These findings suggest (1) that most people effectively regulate their learning of categories, and (2) that studying less-well-learned categories is a better strategy than studying more-well-learned categories.

Committee: John Dunlosky PhD (Advisor); Clarissa Thompson PhD (Committee Member); Christopher Was PhD (Committee Member); Christopher Flessner PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Cognitive Psychology; Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2011, History

The nineteenth-century Russian imperial state was relatively less transformative in shaping gender, controlling sexuality, and implementing change in marriage and family life in the Caucasus region of the tsarist empire than comparative Western European imperial projects in Asia and Africa. In spite of (and in distinct contrast to) tsarist writers' condemnations of violence and the subordinate positions of Caucasian women and children in Caucasian family life, tsarist agents who implemented policy and oversaw cases of violence against women and children tended not to intervene in such incidents but rather to leave Caucasian communities to adjudicate matters based upon their own legal systems. While the discourse of empire justified tsarist control as a means to transform the lives of women in the region, in practice women and children in the Caucasus often found the touch of empire to be relatively light on their lived experience. Even when they turned consciously to the tsarist legal and gendered systems for assistance they largely found themselves turned away. My research rethinks how we understand the form and function of tsarist imperialism and unveils its limits and parameters. Traditional literature focuses on the Caucasian wars and sees the Russian empire as heavy handed and invasive. In contrast, by examining the social and cultural history of the Caucasus through themes of gender, sexuality (adultery cases), sexual violence (bride stealing and rape), and familial structures (blood vengeance, domestic/familial violence, challenges to marriage unions), my work reveals an empire that was largely hands off. This dissertation finds a new side of Russian empire – one characterized largely by tsarist officials reticent to implement change when it came to the position of Caucasian women in society, to sexuality, and to Caucasian family and married life. The Russian empire championed the use of its legal system to change and reform what it saw as the “uncivilize (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Nicholas Breyfogle PhD (Advisor); David Hoffmann PhD (Committee Member); Alice Conklin PhD (Committee Member); Jennifer Suchland PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Gender; History; Law; Modern History; Russian History; Slavic Studies

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2008, Near Eastern Languages and Cultures

The intention of this paper is to demonstrate that the regulation of social subjects within the family was the impetus to regulation of legal subjects in both mandatory Syria and Lebanon (The Levant) and the French metropolis. First, this paper explores female subject construction under the post-WWI French mandate of the Levant. It then discusses how Enlightenment-thinking influenced the Ottoman Empire in its appropriation of the French Penal Code followed by the contemporary legal theory dividing Western and Islamic contexts. It then examines criminal court cases from the Levant and France that deal with domestic violence or murder as reactions to adultery with comparisons of how the French state in each context regulated citizens' morality. The paper concludes its genealogy of patriarchy in the law with Orientalist understandings of "honor killings" that neglect factoring in overlapping histories and current feminist approaches to confronting "Eastern" forms of violence.

Committee: Joseph Zeidan (Advisor); Snjezana Buzov (Committee Member) Subjects: Gender; History; International Law; International Relations; Law; Middle Eastern History; Social Structure; Womens Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2005, Spanish and Portuguese

Scholars have long known the fact that Spanish Golden Age theatrical works are filled with musical references that contribute to the overall success of the plays. As a special effect, music was at the center of performances, both in the corrales and at court. Unfortunately, a large portion of music to which the theatrical texts allude has been lost due in part to poor record keeping and fires. Of the music that survives, a major part relates to works of Lope de Vega (1564-1635) and, especially, Calderon (1600-1681), both of whom have been the focus of significant research regarding the subject. Lope de Vega and Calderon, however, are not the only playwrights whose works contain music references. Because of scholars such as Jose Subira and Louise K. Stein, who have brought eighteenth-century music manuscripts to light, music references that appear in the works of other playwrights can be studied as well. I propose, therefore, to analyze the contribution and significance of music in a selected number minor, secular, and religious plays by the preeminent dramatist Agustin Moreto (1618-1669). The objective of my analysis is twofold. On the one hand, I analyze the way in which music fulfilled several practical, technical, and structural functions. On the other, I study, from semiotic and performance theories, ways in which music reflects and affirms, or, in a few cases, inverts and subverts a number of the ideals of Spanish seventeenth-century society. The kinds of instruments used, the various songs and dances performed, all contributed to the formation of musical scenes which create significant semiotic relationships that reveal the performance of social codes, comprising such matters as honor, religion, hierarchy, love, and class. In short, this research proposes to contextualize the extant music and song-texts in terms of their semiotic (musical, theatrical, and social) relationship with Moreto's theater and its reception.

Committee: Donald Larson (Advisor) Subjects:

Bachelor of Science, Miami University, 2011, College of Arts and Sciences - Strategic Communication

This work is the transcript of a video interview conducted by the author on March 16, 2010 with Congressional Medal of Honor recipient Ronald E. Rosser. The interview takes place in Rosser's home in Roseville, OH. An Ohio native born Oct. 24, 1929, Rosser earned the starry honor during a snowy winter tour of Korea when he had only two months of 22 under his belt. At 80, Rosser delivers a dynamic retelling of his time in Korea and that fateful January night captured on that video and meticulously transcribed here. Supplemented with photos, the video was originally created in fulfillment of an assignment for Cheryl Heckler's Reporting and Newswriting class at Miami University in Oxford, OH and has since evolved to a work that intends to document, with respect and purity, an aging piece of American history.

Committee: Cheryl E. Heckler (Advisor); Janice Taylor (Committee Member); Devon S. DelVecchio PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History

PHD, Kent State University, 2011, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

Within the antebellum South's plantation system, women led restricted lives that were controlled by social principles and gender conventions that were viewed through a prism of honor. Shaped by the ideals of personal and familial image, the precept required the total acquiescence of women. Since the link between a man's reputation and the actions of his family was significant to his social status and power, female submission and obedience to male authority were essential. Women's compliance to social norms ensured proper female behavior and safeguarded the male reputation. Through a sense of family and community pride, elite women accepted their predestined roles as wives, mothers, and daughters and sought to appropriately represent the honor of their husbands, sons, brothers, and fathers. Despite their own personal feelings about the limitations placed on their lives, planter women stoically submitted themselves to the requirements of southern society and worked to present the impression of perfect southern women. The important association between honor and female values influenced the manner in which plantation women understood and fulfilled their community's gender standards. By connecting reputation and honor to social status and power, southern society defined the features of women's duty and identified the female obligations of purity, piety, submission, and domesticity as vital aspects of an acceptable communal image. The relationship between proper female behavior and reputation and honor was so important that the entire plantation community took part in the instruction of the region's young women. Friends, family, and neighbors initiated their youth in their society's standards and formed penalties for misbehavior. Gossip and ostracism were the essential tools used to ensure women's compliance with the ideals of proper behavior. The protection of individual and family reputation and honor through adherence to gender principles was so important to planter s (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Leonne Hudson (Advisor); Kevin Adams (Committee Member); Raymond Craig (Committee Member); Lesley Gordon (Committee Member); Richard Feinberg (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Gender; Womens Studies

Master of Education (MEd), Bowling Green State University, 2009, Reading

The purpose of this study was to analyze the portrayal of race in the illustrations and text of Caldecott Award and Honor books beginning with the year 2003 through 2008. Books with solely animal characters were discarded due to the inability to determine their race resulting in 14 books to be analyzed. The races of the main and supporting characters, how those characters were portrayed, and whether the books were either racially neutral or racially specific were examined. In a racially neutral book, race plays very little role in the story whereas in a racially specific book the race plays a major role. After the books were analyzed, a matrix listing the books with all races that were present was created. Bar graphs comparing the number of characters for each race in all of the 14 books were created. Lastly, a pie chart showing the percentage of books that were racially neutral versus racially specific was created. This investigation found that only White, African American, and Asians were present in the 14 most recent Caldecott Award and Honor books. Alaskan Natives, American Indians, Hispanics, or Native Hawaiians (defined by the U.S census) were not present in any of the books analyzed. Of the 14 books, 64% of the books contained white characters, 42% percent contained black characters, and less than 1% contained Asian characters. Some books contained more than one race making the total more than 100%. Lastly, 29% of the books were racially specific whereas 71% were racially neutral.

Committee: Cynthia Bertelsen (Committee Chair); Cindy Hendricks (Committee Member); Sharon Subreenduth (Committee Member) Subjects: Literature

Master of Education (MEd), Bowling Green State University, 2005, Reading

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the representation of characters of different races, ages, and disabilities in the illustrations of the Caldecott Medal and Honor- winning books from 1975-2004. Ninety-nine of the 119 books from the time period were examined. Twenty books which did not have human characters in the illustrations were eliminated from the study. Each book was read, illustrations were scrutinized, and a note card was made on which tally marks indicated how many and what types of characters were included. After all books were analyzed, charts and graphical representations were made to demonstrate the variations in the illustrations depicting race, age, and obvious disability. The research found that the Hispanic and Native American races were underrepresented. All other races were represented adequately in the Caldecott and Honor books.

Committee: Nancy Fordham (Advisor) Subjects: