Master of Science in Engineering, Youngstown State University, 2013, Department of Civil/Environmental and Chemical Engineering

An investigation incorporating field observations and 11 fish species has been carried out in Northeast Ohio to determine the percentage of culverts that act as barriers for fish passage and to identify the design parameters that can be associated with passage success. From an inventory of 5,837 culverts provided by the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT), 55 culverts were chosen for analysis of passage success through stream simulation in two computer programs – FishXing and HEC-RAS. The results from FishXing analysis, ranging from the 25% low flow to the 2 year flood, suggest that out of the 54 culverts analyzed, 11% are partial barriers and 89% are complete barriers. A comparable analysis in HEC-RAS shows that, out of 40 culverts analyzed, 55% are partial barriers and 45% are complete barriers. The differences in the process of analysis between FishXing and HEC-RAS resulted in discrepancies in the computed velocities and depths of flow, which in turn resulted in the different predictions of complete barriers and partial barriers. Student's t-tests (p = 0.05) showed that the difference in the average perched height between partial barriers and complete barriers was significant for the output of both programs. Additional analysis was carried out in FishXing for greenside darter and largemouth bass by increasing diameter, decreasing length, decreasing slope, increasing Manning's roughness (n) of culvert material, and embedding the culverts with gravel substrate (n = 0.04) independently to examine the effect of those parameters on passage success. For greenside darter, embedding the culverts resulted in 36% of the culverts turning from complete barriers into partial barriers and had a greater impact on increasing passage success compared to varying other design parameters. Similar analysis for largemouth bass exhibited a less noticeable difference.

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2024, Biology

Midwestern North American lakes, including the Laurentian Great Lakes, are experiencing significant increases in water transparency due to invasive Dreissenid mussels and improved watershed management practices. Climate change loss of winter has reduced annual ice cover on the lakes. Increases in water transparency combined with the absence of ice cover in the winter may lead to an increased risk of exposure to damaging ultraviolet radiation (UV), which is known to regulate the early life stages of fish. Despite these potential increases in underwater UV, very little is known of the current day UV transparency throughout the Great Lakes, nor the UV tolerance or mechanisms of protection of the early life stages of a culturally, economically, and ecologically important subfamily of native Great Lakes fish: Coregonine (i.e., Lake Whitefish [Adikameg; Coregonus clupeaformis], Cisco [Otoonapi; C. artedi], and Bloater [C. hoyi]), nor an economically important invasive prey species of fish: Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). This dissertation investigated 1) the spatial and temporal UV transparency patterns across the Great Lakes, 2) the ability for UV to accelerate the hatching of native Cisco eggs, 3) the UV tolerance, mechanisms of protection, and sublethal consequences of exposure to UV among two life stages, four species and multiple populations of fish and 4) the influence of UV on the vertical distribution of larval Alewife and Bloater within Lake Michigan. Although long-term offshore UV data does not exist, long-term nearshore UV data suggest shallower UV exposure correlated with increasing dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Laboratory experiments revealed that developing Cisco embryos exposed to UV have the potential to hatch 30 days earlier than embryos unexposed to UV, the egg life stage of all native coregonines tested had a higher UV tolerance than the larval life stages, and the UV tolerance among species and populations of the same species varied. Field s (open full item for complete abstract)

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2010, Environmental Science

Hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) is an important sportfish in many systems across the U.S. and is often stocked into reservoirs as fry or juveniles. However, determining the success or failure of fry stocking and factors underlying fry survival in reservoirs has been difficult for fisheries managers because of the complications in collecting larvae in reservoirs. Using fish culture ponds, I was able to examine the effects of physical and biological variables on the growth and survival of larval hybrid striped bass, providing information to help fisheries managers to identify reservoir attributes that can support hybrid striped bass stocking. I conducted experiments over three years at two Ohio fish hatcheries to determine: 1) the effects of increased fish fry stocking density on larval fish growth and zooplankton availability; 2) whether the zooplankton prey base in ponds and reservoirs is adequate to support larval and juvenile growth; 3) the potential magnitude of cyclopoid copepod predation on fry in ponds and reservoirs. I found that fry stocking density did not influence fish yield (g/m3) or survival; however, a low density treatment produced larger, albeit fewer, juveniles at harvest than did a high density treatment. Therefore, stocking rates should be based upon whether managers wish to produce larger or higher numbers of juvenile hybrid striped bass. Hybrid striped bass growth and diet analyses indicate that copepod nauplii are an important prey during the first week of life and copepodites during the entire culture period, whereas Daphnia spp. were less important . My study also found that culture ponds and their source waters have similar zooplankton prey composition, size frequency and densities, suggesting that a hatchery environment can serve as a good proxy for studying reservoir ecology. Cyclopoid copepod predation on larval hybrid striped bass at copepod and larval densities found in culture ponds and reservoirs is unlikely to ca (open full item for complete abstract)

Master of Science, University of Akron, 2023, Biology

In this thesis I investigated the relationship between a high-calorie diet and bone turnover in zebrafish scales using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assays as well as a calcium stain, calcein, to visualize resorption lacunae. I also modified current ALP and TRAP scale assay protocols to have an increased sensitivity through use of the fluorescent substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate. Finally, I reported my scale assay data in a repeatable way through the conversion of absorbance data to activity per area of scale. I found that a high-calorie diet does not alter bone formation activity. The bone formation assay results were not significantly different between the fish in the high-calorie diet group and the fish in the low-calorie diet group. However, bone resorption activity had a near significant increase in the low-calorie diet group fish. When the interaction term was removed, there was a significant increase in bone resorption activity in the low-calorie diet group. Paired with the increased number of resorption lacunae in this group, our lab believes that a low-calorie diet alters the bone resorption activity of zebrafish scales.

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2020, Biological Sciences

Industrial processing of soybeans to produce soy oil and soy meal results in soybean seed coats as a low value waste product that is underutilized. Pythium are rapidly growing plant pathogens that secrete a large number of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes that possess the ability to breakdown the fibrous carbohydrates present in soybean seed coats to release the required carbon for their growth. We tap into this potential of oomycetes and utilize soybean seed coats as a source of carbon for the growth of Pythium under microaerobic, aerobic conditions and 4% sucrose supplementation to produce proteins and the important omega three and omega six fatty acids that can be included in fish feed as an alternative source of fish oil and proteins. Biomass produced by growing cultures on this carbohydrate source and inorganic N has a protein content exceeding 20% with a very favorable amino acid profile. Microaerobic culture conditions produce an unsaturated and saturated fatty acid mixture that mimics that of salmon and sardine oil. Aeration of samples and supplementation with 4% sucrose during the growth process significantly increases the amounts and variety of omega fatty acids produced. The results of this study suggest that soybean seed coats are a viable source of carbon for Pythium in the production of omega three and omega six fatty acids and proteins for aquaculture.

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2020, Biological Sciences

Per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) can be found in many household, industrial, and personal care products, including furniture, aqueous film forming foam, and sunscreen. Many recent studies have shown PFAS in surface waters and aquatic organisms around the world. PFAS levels are higher near contamination sources, such as the Former Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda, Michigan, USA. Unexpectedly, PFAS levels have not biomagnified in Clark's Marsh near Wurtsmith Air Force Base, a known PFAS source to the surrounding environment. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) in Clark's Marsh have higher PFAS levels than their predators, however, the reasons and effects of these high levels are unknown. To investigate these effects, Bluegill were sampled in various inland lakes and rivers in Michigan with differing PFAS concentrations. Bluegill were individually tested for critical swimming speed, and liver and gill histology. The data was analyzed to determine differences between PFAS effects at different sites and with different levels of PFAS. We hypothesized higher PFAS levels would relate to higher extent of liver vacuoles, more prevalent gill alterations, and slower swimming speeds. Results show decreased and increased swimming speeds at different PFAS levels, and increased liver vacuoles and abnormal gill morphology with increased PFAS levels. While there's no consensus in the literature regarding swimming behavior after PFAS exposure, decreased swimming performance may have been caused by the histological alterations exhibited due to decreased oxygen uptake and organ dysfunction. The increased lesions in both liver and gill tissues were consistent with ecotoxicological literature, especially that of organophosphate pesticides. This research showed how individual fish were impacted by environmentally relevant PFAS concentrations which also cause widespread effects on aquatic communities.

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2019, Biology (Ecology)

Large waterways have rich histories of cultural advancement and prosperity. However, economic development has often conflicted with ecosystem health. In the St. Clair-Detroit River System, overharvest, development of riparian areas, and construction of navigation channels lead to the collapse of fisheries and loss of vital habitats. Harvest and water quality regulations have allowed the recovery of some fishes, but the legacy of habitat loss remained a detriment for other species. Therefore, numerous habitat remediation projects were implemented in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers to improve ecosystem health. As part of the adaptive management cycle, I evaluated two suites of projects to determine fish use and maturation of the remediated habitats. First, I compared fish assemblages and relative abundances at shoreline softening projects to nearby control sites along the banks of the St. Clair River. My evaluation of these projects provides insight into the ability of shoreline softening to remediate habitat degradation in the St. Clair River and other connecting channels of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Shoreline softening involved replacing steel seawalls with sloped banks and adding large woody debris, rock substrates, and native vegetation to increase habitat heterogeneity and decrease depths. Higher catch-per-unit effort of juvenile fish, some species of management priority (e.g., smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu), and the fish assemblage as a whole was observed at remediation sites than at nearby control sites, indicating the projects provided nursery habitat for some fishes. Second, I evaluated the maturation of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) spawning habitat (i.e., reefs) remediation projects. Prior to my evaluations, few assessments of reef maturation had been conducted, thus, my evaluation is among the first to describe maturation and longevity of constructed reefs in the Laurentian Great Lakes. I found that although geomorphic surveys indicated r (open full item for complete abstract)

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2019, Biological Sciences (Arts and Sciences)

Population-level species' cognitive traits have been well explored, as well as differences between species. However, the factors influencing variation in cognitive traits within species is less well known. I have used the swordtail fish species Xiphophorus multilineatus to explore factors potentially influencing variation in cognition, measured with two different classical conditioning tests. Males of this species have a polymorphism and exhibit two alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) – sneaker and courter tactics. Overall, females prefer to mate with the courter tactic males. Males of the two ARTs differ morphologically and behaviorally. The courter males are larger and will only courtship display for females, while the smaller sneaker males exhibit behavioral plasticity in their mating tactic, and will use a “sneak-chase” tactic to attempt to coerce mating or will courtship display for females if no larger males are in the vicinity. In the first chapter, I compared learning both between males and females and between the two male ARTs. I detected both sexual and tactical dimorphism in performance in a classical conditioning task, as well as the potential for sexual conflict to influence the evolution of cognitive traits in this species. As predicted, the sneaker males that are plastic in their use of mating behaviors performed better in the learning task than the courter males. Additionally, sneaker males performed better than females with a sneaker sire, but not females with a courter sire, which may indicate maternal effects of resource allocation that thereby affects cognitive traits in their offspring. In the second chapter, I capitalized on a known female mate preference in X. multilineatus to explore the effect of cognitive trait variation on female mate preference. I used a shape discrimination task to measure variation in cognitive ability, and a standard dichotomous preference test to measure strength of preference for the larger courter males as compa (open full item for complete abstract)

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2018, Biological Sciences

Over 90 percent of the historical wetlands in the Ohio portion of Lake Erie drainage have been lost, and of those that remain many are diked wetlands that have no surface water connection to Lake Erie. Recent restoration efforts have been made to reconnect these wetlands with the focus of allowing fish species to access these productive wetland habitats. In order to quantify and model the timing of fish movement into one of these reconnected wetlands, a high frequency sonar system (DIDSON) was used during spring of 2017. While all fish entering and leaving the wetland were ensonified, analysis was focused on the highly sought after native Northern Pike and invasive Common Carp to investigate if there are temporal differences in spring spawning migrations between the two species. Additionally, to investigate how fish communities respond when given time after wetland reconnection occurs, an additional study was conducted by sampling fish communities using seine hauls in a variety of coastal Lake Erie wetlands. Wetlands selection was based on encompassing a gradient of time since they were connected to Lake Erie. Wetlands that were only periodically connected to Lake Erie or were very recently reconnected were found to have lower fish diversity.

Master of Science, University of Toledo, 2017, Biology (Ecology)

Approximately 80% of fishes from the Laurentian Great Lakes use the nearshore zone in some way (e.g., feeding, spawning, or nursery area) for at least part of the year. Extensive shoreline alteration and development along Ohio's Lake Erie coast has reduced habitat complexity and changed ecological connections at the interface of land, water, and air. We hypothesized that shoreline features affect the nearshore fish community composition. To determine relationships between shoreline types and the nearshore fish community, habitat features such as terrestrial vegetation, shoreline armor structure and a shoreline's exposure to wave energy were classified at 51 coastal sites in the western and central basins of Lake Erie where fish were sampled between 2011 and 2016. Changes in the predicted total and relative abundances of nearshore fish community groups was modeled based on shoreline classifications. We found that wave energy was negatively correlated with fish species richness as well as total abundance of nearly all fish groups. Understanding the impacts of shoreline modification on nearshore fish community attributes is critical to employing best management practices and maintaining critical fish habitats.

MS, Kent State University, 2017, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Biological Sciences

Great Lakes coastal wetlands are of significant ecological and economic importance. These wetlands collect runoff from surrounding land, mitigate natural disasters, and provide habitat for plants and animals at all life stages. There is a growing literature describing the factors effecting spatial and temporal patterns in fish diversity in brackish coastal wetlands that surround marine waters, but similar studies are lacking in freshwater estuaries and little is known about these patterns in larval fishes. Adult fishes were collected weekly between May and October 2015 using fyke nets set in monotypic stands of vegetation. Larval fishes were collected weekly between May and October 2015, and biweekly from April to August 2016. Water depth was measured at all fyke nets and all traps. A suite of abiotic variables was also measured during 2016. Patterns in fish distribution and diversity were assessed using univariate and multivariate statistics. Fish did not appear to choose specific types of vegetation, but preferred the presence of vegetation to open water areas. Patches of submerged aquatic vegetation and water lily/lotus had a significant effect on larval community structure, as did dissolved oxygen, pH, and secchi depth. Larvae peaked in abundance in mid-July in 2015, and early June in 2016, but the 2016 peak had over 1000 more individuals than the 2015 peak. Further, abundance values from 2015 were similar to those from the same dates in 2016. This suggests that spawning periods of Lake Erie fishes are predictable from year to year within the same estuary. These studies suggested that fish prefer macrophytic cover, and they improved understanding of the effects of water level on fish distributions. The studies also identified spawning patterns as constant from year-to-year. Future studies should examine whether larval fish actively choose habitats following spawning, as well as whether abiotic variables influence hatching and growth rates. Finally, the work on (open full item for complete abstract)

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2016, Chemistry

Azaspiracids are a group of lipophilic polyether toxins that were recognized as being responsible for human poisoning in the Netherlands in 1995. These natural marine toxins have been isolated and characterized, from mussels of the species Mytilus edulis, by Yasumoto and co-workers, and later structurally revised by Nicolaou and co-workers. The structurally complex molecular architecture displayed by these natural products features a 40-carbon backbone containing 20 stereocenters and 9 rings which are made up of two distinct polyheterocyclic domains: a trioxadispiroketal fused onto a tetrahydrofuran (ABCD-domain) and a spirohemiaminal fused onto a 2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (FGHI-domain). These two domains are linked by a cyclic hemiketal designated as the E-ring. Due to the toxicity, complex architecture and the meager quantities obtained from natural sources (2 mg from 20 kg of mussels) as well as a growing need for authentic samples for environmental monitoring, the azaspiracids have stimulated considerable interest in the synthetic community. Nicolaou and co-workers reported the first synthesis of azaspiracid-1 in 2004 and a shorter synthesis of azaspiracid-1, -2, and -3 in 2006. The Evans group has also reported the synthesis of ent-azaspiracid-1. Several research groups have also reported their synthetic efforts towards these natural products. Our group has made considerable efforts in developing methods to construct the dioxabisspiroketal, the 2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and the spirohemiaminal subunits of azaspiracid-3. However a total synthesis of this natural product is yet to be achieved in our group and this is the primary aim of my research. As a second aim of my research, we are interested in contributing to environmental monitoring of these marine natural products. We hope to achieve this by designing an efficient synthetic route that can allow access to sufficient quantities of azaspiracid-3 and some natural analogs to aid in full biological (open full item for complete abstract)

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Wright State University, 2015, Environmental Sciences PhD

The unifying themes of my thesis are patterns in world-wide freshwater fish body sizes and their underlying mechanisms. First, I explored Bergmann's rule in unprecedented detail, which states that body size is negatively correlated to temperature. Categorizing species by body size into quantiles and by trophic levels, I regressed the classes against latitude, temperature, seasonality, minimum temperature and habitable space. I found that Bergmann's rule applies to freshwater fish in general but the strength varies by size class and trophic levels. I concluded that Bergmann's rule in fish is driven by the exclusion of small fish from cold climate due to limits in energy storage and behavioral thermoregulation. Second, I investigated the relationships between extreme body size and species richness. Stressful environments promote an ecological similarity among species, reducing body size ranges and species richness. Thus, there may be a strong relationship between extreme body size and species richness. However, I found that only the size of the smallest species were strongly related to species richness. The observed strong relationship may be due to physiological constraints on the smallest species in stressful environments. The lack of relationship between the size of the largest species and species richness may be due to the high dispersal ability of the largest species homogenizing body size across space and their relative insensitivity to harsh environments. Third, I examined body size and trophic level conservatism and similarity across species within a genus. Body size and trophic level are evolutionary conserved traits; thus I expected high body size conservatism, but due to constraints imposed on extreme body sizes and trophic levels, body size conservatism may vary for all body size classes and trophic levels. I found conservatism of these traits to be substantially lower in freshwater fish than mammals. Divergence in body size among closely related specie (open full item for complete abstract)

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2015, Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology

Rapid human-driven environmental change, which is affecting nearly every ecosystem worldwide, holds great potential to negatively affect biodiversity by exposing populations to evolutionarily novel environmental conditions. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, individuals and populations will disperse, adapt, acclimate, or go extinct. Specifically, climate change via water warming holds great potential to affect aquatic organisms through its effects on individual energy budgets. Lake Tanganyika, an East African Rift Lake that supports a diverse and highly endemic fish assemblage, has been warming at an unprecedented rate during the past century and is expected to continue to warm over the next century. Herein, I use a controlled laboratory experiment to assess the acclimation potential of the endemic Lake Tanganyika cichlid, Julidochromis ornatus, to chronic elevated temperatures that are expected to occur by the start of the next century. Using measures of metabolic rate, somatic growth, and reproductive life history, I found that J. ornatus may not be able to cope with expected warming through acclimation occurring during the adult life stage. When compared to individuals exposed to the current Lake Tanganyika temperature of 25°C in a control treatment, adults exposed to 29°C for ~6 mos exhibited elevated routine metabolic rates, reduced somatic growth (in terms of mass but not length), and decreased reproductive rates (number of broods produced per breeding pair per day). These findings suggest that J. ornatus adults do not exhibit the capacity for metabolic or reproductive acclimation. Thus, unless J. ornatus, and other fishes like it, have the potential for developmental or transgenerational acclimation, the future persistence of this species will depend on either its adaptive potential, or its ability to disperse to more suitable thermal habitat.

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2014, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics

Migratory fish are globally harvested by humans and are important to ecosystem function. The management of migratory fish depends on an ability to monitor populations and a sound understanding of the role of fish migrations in an ecosystem context. Lake Erie is a highly productive freshwater fishery and many of Lake Erie's fishes are potamodromous, migrating from Lake Erie into tributaries to spawn. The goal of this dissertation was to improve methods for monitoring migratory fishes and examine the role of fish migrations in ecosystem processes. First, I developed techniques for monitoring spawning stocks of migratory fishes in the Maumee River, one of Lake Erie's largest tributaries, using hydroacoustic sampling, gill net sampling, and Bayesian state-space modeling. I determined that the spawning stock abundance for Walleye was approximately 650,000 fish in 2011 and 550,000 individuals in 2012. Second, I examined the importance of fish migrations as a material subsidy to upstream riverine consumers using stable isotope analysis. I found that although migratory fish inputs (eggs and carcasses) were a negligible pool of carbon relative to other sources. However, migratory fish biomass had low carbon to nitrogen ratios, indicating high nutritional quality, and stable isotope analysis supported the hypothesis that some riverine fishes and invertebrates consume these inputs. Third, I estimated detection probabilities for larval fishes in the Maumee and Detroit rivers and demonstrated how detection information can be used to inform indices of abundance and taxonomic richness estimates. Detection probabilities varied among taxa and were generally greater in the Maumee River than the Detroit River. Taxa with the greatest detection probabilities were those with high fecundities, small hatching lengths, and no nesting behaviors. Accounting for incomplete detection greatly increased an index of abundance for a species with low detection probability but had a relatively minor (open full item for complete abstract)

Master of Science in Engineering, Youngstown State University, 2012, Department of Civil/Environmental and Chemical Engineering

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) culverts are increasingly used in road and railroad crossings because of their low construction cost. The changed hydraulic condition of flow inside a culvert due to a constricted river cross-section results in increased velocity and possibly decreased water depth, causing a fish passage barrier. Velocity within a culvert is a function of the cross-sectional area, slope, discharge and Manning's roughness of the culvert material. Previous researchers have found that the Manning's roughness for partial flows is greater than full flow but inadequate data were collected for flows less than 20% full. Therefore, the objective of this research was to collect water depth data in HDPE culverts and to derive a relation between Manning's roughness and relative depth. With a 4ft x 2ft flume of 60 ft length, three test culverts of diameter 1ft, 2ft and 3.5ft were tested with the discharge ranging from 0.2 to 10.3 cfs at bed slopes of 0.2%, to 2%. A total of 11,000 depth data points were collected and 125 average depths were reported. The results could not validate previous research on relative Manning's roughness curves, though the statement by Pomeroy that the Manning's roughness should be less than full flow roughness under 18% relative depth was validated. The relation between relative depth and relative Manning's roughness for flow less than 20% was found to be fairly linear and less than the full flow roughness published by HDPE manufacturers, whereas for 20% to 40% relative depth, the roughness was found to be equal to full flow roughness. Above 40% and below 75% relative depth, Manning's roughness decreases fairly linearly to less than full flow roughness.

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2024, Environmental Science

Rapid human development over the last several centuries has resulted in harm to many ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems are especially at risk. Human activities near and in streams and rivers has greatly affected aquatic organisms, including in the state of Ohio. One such organism is the Popeye Shiner (Notropis ariommus), a North American minnow that has experienced widespread declines as well as extirpations from many streams; in Ohio, the species is present only in Scioto Brush Creek. The two overarching goals of this study were to 1) examine the status of the state endangered Popeye Shiner (Notropis ariommus) in Scioto Brush Creek by determining its present abundance and distribution, as well as compare these results to past surveys conducted in 1985 and 2006, and to 2) characterize the broader fish community in Scioto Brush Creek, again comparing past and present results. To achieve these goals, study sites in Scioto Brush Creek were selected based on previous sampling locations, where the method used in the past (1985 – seine, 2006 – boat electrofishing) was replicated. The most significant driver of N. ariommus distribution was river mile; catch per unit effort (CPUE) was negatively correlated with river mile, although only for seine sites. Body size was also related to river mile, with mean body size increasing significantly as distance upstream increased. Riparian land use (agriculture, canopy cover), in-stream habitat (Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Score), and fish community metrics (percent insectivores, percent tolerant) were also examined, but were not significantly correlated with N. ariommus CPUE. Comparisons between past and present surveys revealed that N. ariommus relative abundance had not changed significantly between years, indicating that the population has been relatively stable. Altogether, results suggest that lower reaches of Scioto Brush Creek are important habitat for juveniles, while upper reaches may be where spawning occurs. Such infor (open full item for complete abstract)

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2008, Graduate School

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1964, Graduate School