Each year social media usage increases which creates new opportunities for marketers to promote their products and brands. Sports teams and athletes are joining social media platforms and creating their own unique accounts (Cooper, 2015). Fans and followers, new and old, are discovering these teams and athletes while building relationships (Kentrin, 2020). Social media has also proven to be a useful tool in building two-way relationships between teams and spectators (Joanna & Zuzanna, 2020). This has also reigned true in building a team or personal athlete brand (Witz, 2020). Through different sports marketing social media strategies, marketers are learning how to engage fans, increase attendance, and stand apart from other teams (O'Hallarn et al., 2016). The manner in which a fan behaves and engages with different teams and athletes is influenced by social interactions, deals, promotions, giveaways, and relationships with teams and athletes (Fink et al., 2002; Perrault, 2016). Through new applications (apps), athletes and fans are spending more time online (Samet, 2020). These apps allow fans to witness new sides to athletes and teams through increased content which, consequently, helps form connections between fans and athletes (Sharpe et al., 2020). This research analyzed the relationships between teams' and leagues' social media presence on fan behavior by conducting in-depth one-on-one interviews with professionals working in the sports industry at the professional and collegiate levels. A total of eight professionals were interviewed from eight different sports. Questions asked specifically addressed how social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok have affected ticket sales, fan attendance/tune-in rates, engagement, brand loyalty, and merchandise purchases. Using content analysis, best practices were determined for increasing engagement and fan behavior and understanding the relationships crea (open full item for complete abstract)

The purpose of the current work is to study the transient behavior of axial flow turbomachines in transonic environments. The first part is focused on the aerodynamic behavior of a coupled boundary layer ingesting inlet – distortion tolerant fan for use in next generation aircraft. The second part is focused on stall detection in transonic compressors. The reason these two are covered is that the fan and compressor of this future system would be mechanically linked. The fan behaves dynamically in the presence of a distortion and exhibits non-uniform flow downstream of the fan. An engine core, comprised of compressor stages, would have to operate in that distorted flow possibly inducing stall. Therefore, understanding the behavior of the fan and developing advanced stall detection methods are important for the successful implementation of these future systems. Part I – Aerodynamic Response of a Distortion Tolerant Fan Coupled to a Boundary Layer Ingesting Inlet Future aircraft designs are aimed at three main targets for more sustainable flight practices decreasing noise, emissions, and fuel burn. Boundary layer ingestion (BLI), as a part of aircraft's propulsion, is an innovative means of achieving improvements to all three targets. The BLI design incorporates engines integrated into the body of an aircraft. The engine ingests low momentum boundary layer flow that develops over the aircraft's surface when in operation. The advantages of such a system are reductions to weight, drag, noise, and increased propulsive efficiency over standard aircraft in service today. Experimental tests representing a blended wing body propulsor utilizing BLI were performed in NASA's 8ft by 6ft wind tunnel. These tests were aimed at obtaining the physically realizable benefits achievable for a boundary layer ingesting propulsor. The current work represents an effort to compare a simulated coupled boundary layer ingesting inlet and distortion tolerant fan with the experimental measure (open full item for complete abstract)