Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Ohio University, 2016, Business Administration

This thesis examines the effects of one's familial structure and financial standing on the pursuit and attainment of collegiate leadership roles in a grounded theory structure. It expands on prior studies by evaluating current collegiate leaders and their perceptions of the effects their familial structure and financial standing had on their pursuit and attainment of leadership roles within recognized student organizations.

Committee: Tim Reynolds (Advisor) Subjects: Business Administration

Psy. D., Antioch University, 2023, Antioch New England: Clinical Psychology

The incidence of alcohol misuse globally continues to be a significant problem with copious adverse health and social causes and implications. The prevalence of alcohol misuse in Jamaica, British West Indies, instigated the trifold objective of this study. The ecological systems model provided a framework for conceptualizing multilayered biological and social processes that interact to determine mental health. This study examined anxiety and depression, family structure, and perceived parental warmth and control as predictors of alcohol misuse among young adults ages 18 to 30 residing in Jamaica. The current study revealed a correlation between alcohol misuse and higher levels of anxiety and depression, with women reporting higher anxiety and depression than men. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between parental warmth and alcohol misuse. Parental warmth was correlated with the AUDIT; however, no significant correlation between alcohol misuse and family structure or parental overprotection was observed. Medical and mental health professionals should champion efforts to reduce the prevalence of alcohol misuse on a societal level by advocating for the implementation of community-based interventions that provide education around the deleterious effects of alcohol misuse on physical and mental health.

Committee: Karen Meteyer PhD (Committee Chair); Gina Pasquale PsyD (Committee Member); Monique Bowen PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Physiological Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2021, Sociology

The “Diverging Destinies” of American families has been a central focus of family demography for nearly two decades. Patterns of union and family formation associated with the second demographic transition have become stratified, particularly along the lines of maternal education, creating inequalities in children's household contexts and resources. Household wealth may also be highly relevant to increasing inequality among families as wealth predicts entry into marriage. However, unlike maternal education, household wealth gaps between family structures may grow throughout childhood as marriage facilitates subsequent wealth accumulation. Understanding the role of wealth in shaping the diverging destinies of children is vitally important given massive wealth inequality in the US and the importance of household wealth for children's college attendance and completion. In this dissertation, I use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine (1) the association between children's family structure and household wealth over time, (2) how stability and change in family structure throughout childhood shapes household wealth accumulation, and (3) the consequences of household wealth for child well-being. My analyses lead to three central conclusions. First, family structure disparities in household wealth are wide and have remained quite stable over time, even in the face of growing wealth inequality and over the course of the Great Recession. In line with past research, I find that children living with married parents have the highest levels of household wealth, followed closely by children living with a remarried parent. These children have considerably more household wealth than children living with a divorced parent, and children living with a never married parent have the lowest levels of household wealth. My second central conclusion is that family instability, but not family structure, shapes household wealth accumulation throughout childhood. Fa (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kristi Williams PhD (Committee Chair); Kammi Schmeer PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Sarah Hayford PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Sociology

MA, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Counseling, Mental Health

Studies show the benefit that living in a two-parent household has on adolescents (Garthe, Sullivan, & Kliewer, 2014; Oldfield Humphrey, & Hebron, 2015); however, multiple studies report an increase of adolescents living in a single-parent household (Child Trends, 2013; Grall, 2013). The purpose of this study was to extend the literature on the relationship between family structures (i.e. single-mother household, single-father household, and two-parent household) and self-reported past year Major Depressive Episodes (MDEs) among adolescents. This study also examined the racial and gender differences in the relationship between family structure and past year MDEs. This project utilized data from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual survey designed to collect substance use and health information from individuals 12 years of age or older. Results indicated that African American (9.5%) adolescents reported lower rates of MDE than their White (11.6%) (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.19 – 0.69, p < .01) or Hispanic (11.4%) counterparts, (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.21 – 0.65, p <.01). Overall, adolescents (age = 12 – 17, N = 11,349) living in a single-mother household (12.7%) reported higher rates of past year MDEs than their two-parent household counterparts (10.4%), (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.43-1.86, p < .01). No significant differences in family structure were found among any of the racial/ethnic groups. Overall, females (17.3%) reported higher rates of past year MDEs than males (5.6%), (OR = 3.12, 95% CI = 2.45-3.34, p < .01). Results also indicated that White females (17.5%) reported higher rates of past year MDEs compared to White males (5.9%), (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.56-3.89, p < .01). There were no significant interaction effects among gender and family structure overall or among any of the racial/ethnic groups. Findings from this study suggest that family structure and gender are significant predictors of MDEs overall, especially among specific racial/et (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: LaTrice Montgomery Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jill Minor Ph.D. (Committee Member); Mei Tang Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Mental Health

BA, Kent State University, 2016, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Sociology and Criminology

Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi are the leading authorities concerning a major criminological theory called the general theory of crime (1990). The main theoretical assumption is that self-control is related to criminal behavior (Gottfredson and Hirschi 1990). According to Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990), parental attachment is the greatest influence on the development of self-control. Due to the concern that other factors could also be important for self-control than parental attachment, some researchers have examined other influences (e.g., Hope, Grasmick, and Pointon, 2003). My research investigates the association of self-control with family structure, frequency of religious practice, participation in hobbies, and sports participation. I hypothesize that these factors have a significant influence on self-control development, in addition to parental attachment. I used The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to analyze bivariate correlations, independent-samples t-tests, and regressions. My results support Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) theory in that parental attachment is the greatest influence on self-control. However, I discovered that religious practices and participation in hobbies and sports are also positively related to self-control. Additionally, I discovered that family structure is related to self-control, albeit a smaller influence than parental attachment. While my research supported Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory, future researcher should examine other variables to see what additional factors are related to self-control. This thesis is organized as follows: Chapter one is the introduction to my thesis, that gives a brief background on self-control and delinquency, parental socialization, self-control, family arrangements, and structured activities. Chapter two is the literature review which discusses what self-control is, previous research variables, findings, and limitations. Additionally, chapter (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Adrian Jones Ph.D. (Committee Member); Scott Keiller Ph.D. (Committee Member); Kimberly Winebrenner Ph.D. (Committee Member); David Graff M.S. (Committee Member) Subjects: Criminology; Sociology

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2015, Sociology

Over the last fifty years, the proportion of children living with a single parent or a stepparent has increased dramatically due to high rates of divorce, non-marital childbearing, and cohabitation. Research continues to suggest that children from two biological parent families fare better than children from other types of families with respect to a variety of outcomes. A small but growing literature on blended families suggests that conventional measures of family structure fail to capture adequately the complexity of living arrangements for children who reside with two biological parents and one or more half-siblings. This nascent literature suggests that these children do not reap the full benefits of living with two biological parents. In fact, they more closely resemble children who reside with a stepparent. Studies examining blended families have focused on cognitive, educational, and psychological outcomes during childhood and adolescence but they have not examined sibling relationship quality or union formation. Nor have they been able to explain fully the relative disadvantages of children in blended families. Finally, studies have yet to address the implications of family boundary ambiguity for the measurement of blended families. This study uses the incomplete institutionalization perspective to address four questions: (1) How discrepant are the family structure reports of siblings who reside in blended families versus other arrangements?; (2) Does sibling relationship quality in blended families differ from that in other families?; (3) Is growing up in a blended family associated with union formation patterns in young adulthood (e.g., the transition to a first co-residential union)?; (4) Does sibling relationship quality mediate the association between family structure and first union formation? Using data from waves one and four of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), I find that six percent of all sibling pair reports of f (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kara Joyner Dr. (Committee Co-Chair); Gary Oates Dr. (Committee Co-Chair); Susan Brown Dr. (Committee Member); Alfred DeMaris Dr. (Committee Member); Neil Englehart Dr. (Other) Subjects: Demography; Families and Family Life; Sociology

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2015, Population and Social Gerontology

Current research on intimate relationships of older adults in the U.S. is predominantly focused on marriage. Furthermore, gender relations in later life relationships have historically been studied within long-term marital relationships, which show patterns of high gender conformance earlier in family life, especially with young children, and less so later in life. Demographic and socio-cultural changes are transforming the ways in which people partner across the life course, including later life. Women's increasing education and workforce participation has helped alter family and household composition, giving rise to different partnership forms including cohabitation, divorce, remarriage, and living apart together (LAT), an intimate relationship in which the couple maintains separate residences. Very little is known about this type of relationship in the U.S. Using a life course framework I examine how gender is manifested in the formation and maintenance of LAT relationships in later life using social constructivism and the theory of gender as social structure. A grounded theory qualitative study with 13 women and 7 men age 59 to 89 reveals patterns of “doing” gender as well as “doing” family earlier in life. LAT relationships in later life appear to be an opportunity to “redo” family in an individualized way, with the men and women both valuing and maintaining the autonomy and freedom that comes in a life stage with lessening work and family responsibilities. Additionally, LAT allows the women in the study to continually “redo” gender by actively resisting doing gender in ways such as being submissive to men, catering to men's needs and wants, and taking on caregiving duties. This study demonstrates how LAT meets the individualistic needs of both men and women in later life. It is also an intimate relationship that provides the opportunity to exercise agency to act outside of gender norms and expectations present in earlier life, especially for women.

Committee: Jennifer Bulanda (Committee Chair) Subjects: Aging; Families and Family Life; Gender; Gender Studies; Gerontology; Individual and Family Studies; Personal Relationships

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2014, Media and Communication

Through the fusion of media/cultural studies scholarship, interpersonal communication research, and triangulated method, this dissertation draws connections between our social and cultural interpretation of the American family, the discursive possibilities of humorous mediated representations, and the influence and implications of lying on familial relationships. The concept of the American family is as much a social and cultural identity as gender, class, and ethnicity; yet its construction has been typically ignored by cultural studies research. This dissertation addresses that deficiency by examining representations of the American family on Disney-owned situation comedies. These representations are analyzed through past interpersonal research and typologies on lying to determine how the motivation for lying and the relationship between the liar and the recipient of the lie impacts the portrayal of family structure and class status. This dissertation considers to what extent the idyllic and deviant portrayals of the American family marginalize and symbolically annihilate any family conceptualization that is not a nuclear, middle-class family and consider how these media depictions (re)flect and (re)present the broader cultural shifts surrounding the meaning of the American family. Finally, this research concludes by considering how the lie factors into the narrative of the episode and the overall perception of the familial characters. Using a triangulated approach toward textual analysis, including content analysis and narrative analysis, this dissertation draws connections between quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a more complex and holistic investigation of American situation comedies. Across the sample of 84 episodes, 589 lies were recorded, or an average of 7 lies per episode. The findings of this dissertation also uncover two additional categories that warrant further exploration: “self-serving lies” and “punishment by lying.” Another (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Lara Lengel Ph.D. (Advisor); Ellen Berry Ph.D. (Committee Member); Radhika Gajjala Ph.D. (Committee Member); Ellen Gorsevski Ph.D. (Committee Member); Lisa Hanasono Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Communication

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2014, Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Health Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of parental factors on recent alcohol use and frequent episodic heavy drinking among youth within the Greater Cincinnati area. More specifically, this study investigated whether recent alcohol use and episodic heavy drinking among youth differed based on family structure, parent job status and parental educational status. In addition, the study assessed whether the impact of family structure, parental job status and parental education on youth recent alcohol use and episodic heavy drinking differed based on students' sex and grade level. A total of 54,361 students in 7th through 12th grades in Greater Cincinnati completed surveys. Logistic regression analyses revealed that recent alcohol use and frequent episodic heavy drinking differed significantly based on family structure, parent job status and parent education. Specifically, recent alcohol use and frequent episodic heavy drinking was highest among students who did not live with two biological parents, had fathers who were unemployed and had mothers and fathers with a high school diploma or less. Recommendations for future research and practice are offered.

Committee: Keith King Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Rebecca Vidourek Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Health Education

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Akron, 2014, Marriage and Family Counseling/Therapy

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influences of the created constructs of father involvement, family structure (marital status), parental relationship quality, and paternal religiosity on young adult-father relationship quality. Data from all three waves of the National Survey of Families and Households were used to test the present study's hypotheses. Canonical correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the eight independent variables (four from each of the first two waves) and the two dependent variables of interest (both from the third wave). Within the framework of Systems Theory, it was hypothesized that each of the constructs of father involvement, family structure, parental relationship quality, and paternal religiosity would be statistically significant predictors of the constructs of young adult-father relationship quality per parental and young adult reports, to varying degrees. All of the created constructs had acceptable or strong internal reliability. Potential contributions of the present study include a better understanding of the relationship of certain family structure and father involvement factors on children's relationships with their fathers in young adulthood, as well as on their overall development. Such understanding could aid clinicians, researchers, parents and educators in better understanding the role of these family structure variables on young adult-father relationship quality.

Committee: Karin Jordan Dr. (Advisor); Xin Liang Dr. (Committee Member); Cynthia Reynolds Dr. (Committee Member); Rebecca Boyle Dr. (Committee Member); Rikki Patton Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Counseling Education; Families and Family Life; Individual and Family Studies; Mental Health; Personal Relationships; Religion; Therapy

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2010, Arts and Sciences : Sociology

Very little is known about how flexible work policies affect the processes of work itself, yet many organizations resist flexible work arrangements due to operational concerns. This is occurring despite larger numbers of workers seeking flexibility at work. My dissertation examines how flexible work arrangements are designed and implemented, how work processes and job responsibilities are affected, and how workplace culture and structure shape these activities. I use a qualitative, grounded theory approach to conduct a case study of a large Midwestern U.S. workplace with a diverse hierarchy of jobs. Spatial analysis and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with both managers and non-managers in salary and hourly positions were used to gather data. Data analysis focused on identifying and examining themes and concepts indicative of the language and tools of flexible work arrangements and work process change associated with those arrangements. A focus on language allowed me to consider how respondents understood and talked about their workplace and flexibility, as well as work process and environmental changes made in the interest of flexibility. A focus on tools allowed me to consider structural and cultural mechanisms, both intended and unintended, that affected flexibility in the workplace. Findings provide insights into the practical aspects of flexible work arrangements and ways that workplace structure and culture can affect corporate organizations approaches to flexibility in ways that may not even be directly associated with flexible work arrangements in the minds of organizational members. I provide a snapshot of workplace structure and culture, discuss the state of flexible work arrangements at the organization, present structural and cultural factors that affect flexibility, outline tensions between what is seen as an optimal workplace versus a flexible workplace, and discuss ways that identity, place and process appear to shape all of these things. B (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Paula Dubeck PhD (Committee Chair); Rhys Williams PhD (Committee Member); David Maume PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Organizational Behavior

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2011, Economics

My dissertation emphasizes the role played by siblings in the determination of individual outcomes. In the first chapter of my dissertation, I study the direct effect of siblings on adolescent outcomes, while the remainder of my dissertation considers siblings in the context of family fixed effects methods of estimation. Longitudinal data shows that the likelihood of a child smoking more than triples if the child has an older sibling who also smoked. In my first essay, “Endogenous Sibling Effects in Adolescent Substance Use”, I unpack this striking correlation, asking whether it is causal or a result of correlated unobservables such as parental investments that are endogenous to the child's behavior. In particular, I examine whether smoking or drinking by an older sibling influences the corresponding behavior of a younger sibling. To control for endogeneity in the older child's outcome, I use differences in smoking and drinking by gender and age among older siblings as instrumental variables. While previous studies have established gender differences in teen substance use, I find that these differences vary across age. For example, gender differences in drinking are small at younger ages, but males drink consistently more than females from mid to late adolescence. The instruments are plausibly exogenous of unobservables such as parental substance use, and will control for parental investments under the assumption that the older sibling's age and gender do not directly affect resources invested in the younger child. I empirically investigate this assumption using data on measures of parental investments, and find no evidence of a correlation between the instruments and younger sibling investments. The results point toward significant and positive sibling effects for smoking as well as drinking. These findings indicate the presence of opportunities for resource constrained parents to invest efficiently in favor of their firstborn, to reduce “bad” behavior. Positive si (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Bruce Weinberg (Committee Chair); Audrey Light (Committee Member); Stephen Cosslett (Committee Member) Subjects: Economics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2009, Social Work

When caregivers misuse substances, children are more likely to experience physical, developmental, intellectual, social, and emotional problems. When single mothers misuse substances, a potentially challenging situation may become compounded. Children who reside with a single parent (most often the mother) experience abuse at twice the rate of children who live with two parents. This study examines problems related to family structure and the current social crisis that manifests as a result of the intersection of child maltreatment and substance misuse.Drawing on ecological systems theory and feminist role and relationship theories, the study examines the connection between child well-being, child welfare services and the impact of family structure and substance misuse. Social services provided to the family (i.e., concrete, educational, mental/behavioral health, and physical health services) are analyzed to determine their mediating effect on child well-being outcomes 36 months after an initial investigation by Child Protective Services. The research is based on the following three hypotheses: (1) The amount and type of service provision will mediate the impact of pre-service child well-being upon post-service child well-being (2) Family structure (i.e., single mothers v. supported mothers)and the presence of substance misuse will moderate service provision and its impact upon post service outcomes (3) Families with supported mothers and without the presence of substance misuse will demonstrate the most positive outcomes. This study utilizes the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW) and secondary data analysis to describe and make inferences about hypothesized relationships. Findings demonstrate a clear partial mediation of service provision. Results show little evidence supporting a family structure and/or substance misuse moderator; however, there is some evidence suggesting that supported mothers with no substance misuse problems fare bett (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Thomas Gregoire PhD (Committee Chair); Scottye Cash PhD (Committee Member); Denise Bronson PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Families and Family Life; Social Work

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2008, Economics

My dissertation consists of three essays on children's skill acquisition and academic achievement. In all the essays, I use data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and the supplemental Child Survey (NLSY-CHILD). In the first essay, I ask whether family structure causally affects the cognitive test scores and behavioral problems of children. I use multiple observations on each child to estimate a first-difference model and net out the effect of child- and parent-specific time-invariant unobservable factors that are correlated with both the test scores and family structure. I find no improvement in mathematics and reading test scores when mother (re)marries. There is also no decrease in these test scores when a child moved from a two biological parent to a single mother household. However, the results for the behavioral problems suggest that there might be some benefit, in terms of lower behavioral problems, of having a father in the household. In the second essay, I analyze whether delaying entry into kindergarten by an academic year helps to improve the academic performance of the delayed entrants. Every year a large number of parents hold their children out of kindergarten for an academic year although they meet the state kindergarten entry cut-offs (popularly known as "red-shirting"). I use a propensity score matching estimation (PSM) technique to estimate the effect of delaying entry into kindergarten for the delayed entrants by comparing test scores of "matched" delayed and non-delayed entrants. I find that delaying entry into kindergarten has a small but statistically significant negative effect on the reading and mathematics test scores of delayed entrants. In the third essay, I ask whether repeating a grade improves the performance of repeaters in mathematics and reading tests. I use a variant of PSM, where PSM is combined with a difference-in-difference estimator, to estimate the effect of repeating a grade for the repeaters. I find (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Audrey Light PhD (Advisor) Subjects: Economics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2008, Biophysics

The increasing amount of data on biomolecule sequences and their multiple alignments for families, has promoted an interest in discovering structural and functional characteristics of proteins from sequence alone. In many proteins interactions between residues appear to be key players in structure and function. Consensus, or weight matrix, or hidden Markov models cannot detect interpositional correlations and alternating motifs within a family alignment. We propose and analyze a method for detecting interpositional correlations and examine the applicability of this method to structural prediction. We presented the Multiple Alignment Variation Linker (MAVL) and StickWRLD to analyze biomolecule sequence alignments and visualize positive and negative interpositional residue associations. In the MAVL analysis system, the expected number of sequences that should share identities and residuals are calculated based on the observed population of sequences actually sharing the residues. Correlating pairs of residues are visualized in StickWRLD diagram. This analysis system allows us to extract information from the alignments which is not accessible to traditional column-based methods. In addition, a StickWRLD diagram enables the user to visualize the family alignment and positional dependencies in 3D. We discuss methodologies to identify residue associations in protein family alignments. We discussed the use of the residuals and the phi coefficient to determine the strength of a residue association, and Fisher Exact probability test to evaluate the statistical significances. We computed identitywise residue associations for 961 Pfam family alignments and examined physical proximity and physiochemical properties of associated residues in the alignments and their presence on secondary structural elements. We observed that the proximity of residues increases as the strength of association and its statistical significance increase. Specifically, associations between aromatic res (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: William Ray PhD (Advisor); Charles Daniels PhD (Committee Member); Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu PhD (Committee Member); Thomas Magliery PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Bioinformatics; Biophysics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2005, Biophysics

The focus of the research that I carried out during my Ph.D. was the characterization of three metalloproteins. The characterization was based on the information obtained from their structures and biochemical data obtained from in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. The structures of the three proteins studied were obtained by x?ray crystallography. The first protein studied was the hemerythrin-like domain from the Desulfovibrio vulgaris chemoreceptor H. To be able to propose a role and the mechanism by which this domain works, we solved the structures of the protein in the three physiological relevant states. The proposed mechanism is based on the observed differences between the three states. The second protein studied was the Bacillus subtilis M32 carboxypeptidase, BsuCP. The activity of this enzyme was tested with different substrates to learn about its specificity and the length of substrates on which it acts. The structure of the protein was solved to understand the properties that influence its activity. The third aim of this Ph.D. work was the study of another M32 carboxypeptidase, LmaCP, which is found in Leishmania major. The substrate specificity for LmaCP was studied by enzymatic assays. To propose a physiological role for this enzyme, its expression profile in the three main life stages of the L. major protozoa was examined. We were able to used the previously solved crystallographic structure of LmaCP (solved previously by this laboratory (Zhong et al, unpublished results)) to compare it with the BsuCP structure to explain the activity differences found between these two members of the M32 family of carboxypeptidases.

Committee: Michael Chan (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Gerontological Studies, Miami University, 2010, Gerontology

This study analyzes expected nursing home use, and particularly the ways in which family structure is related to expectations. Using data from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study, I use multiple regression analysis to examine how measures of family structure (including daughters and sons, household structure, proximity to family, and previous and current marital status) are related to perceived nursing home risk. Results show that being female, age, ADL limitations, and having long term care insurance are related to increased expectation of use, while subjective health, having a parent or child in the household, or having a daughter are related to decreased expectations of use. Although several factors are related to expectations of nursing home use in ways consistent with actual use, marital status, having living brothers and sisters, and having local family are not significantly related to expected nursing home use. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Committee: Jennifer Bulanda Roebuck (Committee Chair); Robert Applebaum (Committee Member); Ronald Bulanda (Committee Member) Subjects: Families and Family Life; Gerontology; Health Care; Nursing; Social Research; Sociology; Womens Studies