Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1922, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, Public Policy and Management

This research analyzes the impact of U.S. Federal technology policy on the emergence of a complex network of strategic alliances in the semiconductor industry during a critical period in its evolution. During the mid-1980s the U.S. region of the global semiconductor industry was on the verge of collapse. A tectonic shift in the technological landscape occurred favoring the robust networked organizational form found in the Japanese keiretsu, and by 1985 Japan had taken the largest share of the global market. In the United States, industry leaders and policymakers moved to support and protect the U.S. manufacturing and supply infrastructure, crafting an organizationally innovative technology policy, called Sematech, which was implemented in 1987. Sematech was a public-private industry consortium that included fourteen U.S. firms, featuring sponsorship and protection by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Sematech is widely regarded as a critical element in the recovery of the U.S. region of the semiconductor industry. However, very few studies exist that demonstrate empirically how policy implementation achieved policy outcomes. This dissertation presents new evidence and analysis revealing a global network of research and development (R&D) based strategic alliances residing between policy and outcomes. The primary argument of this dissertation is that the emergent R&D contract network in the semiconductor industry represents a critical but overlooked element in the causal logic of policy implementation, which represents an intermediate causal mechanism residing between technology policy formulation and implementation, on one hand, and industry recovery and firm performance outcomes, on the other. The central propositions of this research are, first, that technology policy, via Sematech, facilitated the emergence of a complex self-organizing strategic alliance network and enhanced the network centrali (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Caroline Wagner S (Advisor); Michael Leiblein J (Committee Member); Trevor Brown L (Committee Member); Anand Desai (Committee Member) Subjects: Public Administration; Public Policy

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1984, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Political Science

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1923, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2024, Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology

Animal ‘social bonds' are defined by preferred and repeated association, affiliation, or cooperation. In many group-living species, establishing social bonds is a key determinant of reproductive success, survival, and health. Currently, however, the determinants of social bonding within or between species remain largely unclear. In this dissertation, I used experimental introductions of strangers, manipulations of proximity, and analyses of observational data to better understand factors that affect nonkin social bonding among female common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus), a species in which social bonds lead to reciprocal helping that appears necessary for survival. In Chapter 1, I briefly reviewed the significance of social bonding and cooperation in animal societies with high relational complexity, like vampire bats, and introduce relevant factors that might affect social bonding in this species. In Chapter 2, I measured changes in the probability of clustering and allogrooming among vampire bats in response to changes in ambient temperatures in Panama, revealing evidence that clustering generates mutual benefits through social thermoregulation. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that vampire bats ‘raise-the-stakes' in their cooperative relationships by transitioning from mutually beneficial clustering, to allogrooming, and finally, to food sharing. In Chapter 3, I experimentally tested if forced proximity among randomly selected wild-caught bats would promote the formation of enduring cooperative relationships, finding that even short-term periods of close association can lead to long-term social preferences. This work is the first to experimentally demonstrate the causal effect of repeated interactions on cooperative investments in vampire bats. In Chapter 4, I opportunistically tested whether short-term infections can impact the formation of new relationships in vampire bats. After an unplanned outbreak of an infectious pathogen among captive bats (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Gerald Carter (Advisor); Ian Hamilton (Committee Member); Susan Gershman (Committee Member) Subjects: Biology; Organismal Biology; Zoology

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2024, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

The history of immigration along the US-Mexico border is a complicated and intricate matter that is heavily influenced by political, economic, and social factors. For hundreds of years, people have crossed this border for various reasons, including trade, work, family reunification, and seeking refuge. However, the immigration of the modern era along the US-Mexico border has been shaped by significant historical events and policy changes.1 The mid-20th century marked a significant shift in US immigration policy with the implementation of the Bracero Program in 1942, which allowed temporary agricultural workers from Mexico to work in the United States. This program, along with other factors like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the 1990s, contributed to a significant increase in immigration from Mexico to the United States.2 In the past few decades, the issue of immigration along the US-Mexico border has become a topic of great political controversy, especially with the increase in unauthorized immigration and the arrival of asylum seekers who are fleeing violence and persecution in Central America.3 As a result, stricter border enforcement policies, such as the construction of physical barriers, the expansion of detention facilities, and an increase in border patrols have been implemented. In 2020, major entry ports along the border began to temporarily shut down as the threat of the coronavirus was imminent. In an effort to control the domestic spread of the disease, former President Donald Trump's administration invoked Title 42, “a public health order allowing the Border Patrol to expel migrants immediately.”4 Now that the pandemic-era expulsion policy under Title 42 has been lifted, US border enforcement agencies face an uncertain future. Due to this recent policy change, there has been an increase in both legal and illegal border crossings, surpassing all previous records.5 This occurred just a year after the reimplemen (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Vincent Sansalone M.Arch. (Committee Member); Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

PHD, Kent State University, 2023, College of Communication and Information

This research examines emergency health communication with college students during the early phase of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic to provide better insights for emergency planning and to ensure success in early-stage communication efforts. Trust and confidence in various spokespersons are tested, along with students' levels of cooperation with nationwide and college-level directives. To fill a gap in the current emergency preparedness literature, this research also focuses on the communication needs and cultural perspectives of international students on American college campuses. Based on the Trust, Confidence and Cooperation (TCC) Model and its ability to predict cooperation with health directives, this study tested and further defined the aspects of trust and confidence in contributing to public cooperation during a health emergency - in this case, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The study also evaluated whether the TCC Model could be applied to foreign residents, such as international students, during such an emergency. While better understanding the path to cooperation for international students, the lessons learned can be applied to both college and immigrant populations nationwide. Problematic operationalizations within the TCC Model are clarified and tested in hopes of better defining the variables involved in the model, and new variables, such as cultural competence, are tested for fit.

Committee: Catherine Goodall (Committee Chair); Jennifer McCullough (Committee Member); Tara Smith (Committee Member); Janet Meyer (Committee Member) Subjects: Communication; Health; Higher Education; Mass Communications; Public Health

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2023, Philosophy (Arts and Sciences)

This essay offers an examination of human dispositions and propensities for social cooperation and altruism. I argue that in previous attempts to connect evolutionary theory and moral philosophy, there has been a mistaken conclusion regarding the dispositions and propensities of moral beings which frames the human being as asocial and psychologically egoistic. I then offer a challenge to this narrative, and posit an opposing view which argues that the intersection between evolutionary theory and moral philosophy actually converge on the view that humans have a propensity for sociality and dispositions for ultimate, other-regarding, altruistic desires. I argue that (1) evolutionary theory offers support for the opposing narrative, that we are inescapably social; (2) our moral judgements of others' motivations to cooperate with others, and our value of genuineness all support the thesis that the disposition for altruism is fundamental to social cohesion. With these two points, I argue that the opposing narrative which considers the framework of human dispositions and propensities as social and psychologically altruistic seems to, at minimum, call into question previous assumptions made regarding human dispositions and propensities with the ultimate claim that the offered opposing narrative has more force as an explanation of human dispositions and propensities when considering the influences of both evolutionary theory and moral philosophy.

Committee: Scott Carson (Committee Chair); Alfred Lent (Committee Member); Christoph Hanisch (Committee Member) Subjects: Ethics; Evolution and Development; Philosophy; Philosophy of Science

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2023, Political Science

States are usually the starting point of analysis when we think about international politics. They are the agents that cooperate, fight, and bargain over how goods are to be distributed around the world under conditions of anarchy. But to the extent that this really does describe the world well, it is not a transcendental truth but a contingent choice. The determinants of this choice, which concerns the location and configuration of political agency, is in some ways the key political question about governance. When do constituent actors facing interdependence solve problems collectively while remaining free to act on their own, and when do they cede their agency to a new corporate actor? The question brings up some important ironies: actors will only give up their basic sovereignty in situations with obvious, existential shared stakes, but these circumstances are the ones most likely to produce cooperation without resort to extreme measures. So why does unification ever happen? I argue that this puzzle comes from the ways in which standard theories treat expectations and beliefs: as forward-looking inferences about specific others. I argue instead that unification and agency transfer are the result of recognized shared interests combined with generalized shared pessimism about the prospects of cooperation learned from history rather than inferred from calculations about interests. In turn, more habitually cooperative systems will tend to produce optimism and thus decentralized collective governance. I develop this argument both verbally and formally, then test it on three mixed-methods case studies: the foundation if the United States, the 19th-century Concert of Europe, and the early modern Ming Chinese international order.

Committee: Alexander Thompson (Committee Chair); Jan Pierskalla (Committee Member); Jennifer Mitzen (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations; Political Science

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2022, Psychology - Experimental

Philosophers have long questioned the nature of morality and our moral sensibilities. Definitive answers have been difficult to come by. In response, psychologists have gathered mountains of empirical data to understand how these sensibilities are realized as moral beliefs or as moral judgments. Traditionally, researchers have required people to provide judgments about what is morally appropriate within morally charged hypothetical situations. Known as moral dilemmas, people's judgments are taken to be informative about their underlying ethical beliefs. While this common practice has produced powerful insights about our moral sensibilities, some have questioned whether the collected data is predictive of our real-world behaviors in morally significant situations. Thus, researchers have called for investigations that measure moral behavior, or at least associate behaviors, with moral judgments. While some investigations have used creative methods to target behavior, many have taken to studying people's behavior in games, associating it with their moral judgments or beliefs. In this quickly growing area that studies moral behavior in games, researchers have yet to investigate how people's moral judgments predict behavior in games that simulate the tragedy of the commons. The particular importance of commons dilemmas comes to light when considering not only some influential arguments of past thinkers about the superiority of rational moral theories but also, the growing threat commons dilemmas pose to an ever-more globalized world, where viral pandemics and climate change have exerted increased pressure on human society. In recognition of these facts, a new package of research was initiated to investigate whether certain types of moral responders (and patterns of moral judgment) predict behavior in game situations that simulate commons dilemmas. Within this package, two pilot studies and three experiments were performed to test two key premises. First, do moral judgmen (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: John Jasper PhD (Committee Chair); Stephen Christman PhD (Committee Member); Jason Rose PhD (Committee Member); Andrew Geers PhD (Committee Member); John Sarnecki PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Experimental Psychology

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2021, Engineering and Applied Science: Aerospace Engineering

In this dissertation, the main focus is on developing a low-cost, robust, and efficient solution for Cooperative Localization to aid navigation of Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles in GPS-denied or degraded conditions. Initially, we derive conditions for complete observability of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Multi-rotor UAVs. A Relative Position Measurement Graph (RPMG) is created where the nodes of the graph are the vehicles or known features (landmarks) and the edges between them represent the measurements. Using graph theory and concepts of linear algebra, conditions for the maximum rank of the observability matrix are derived and a relationship between the rank of the observability matrix and the measurements available in the system are developed. One of the drawbacks of the conditions from this analysis is the necessity to maintain a connected RPMG at all time instants. Hence, a discrete-time observability condition is developed where the union of the RPMGs over a time interval has to be connected. Next, we address a fundamental problem for close coordination and control of Unmanned Vehicles (UVs). For various applications, the inertial position of the vehicles is not important. Relative pose and orientation among vehicles are useful for developing controllers in such cases. It is known that an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) performs extremely well provided it is initialized close to the truth and receives measurements. For vehicles traveling long distances without any GPS measurements or with severe network delays such that they need to re-initialize the filters, the assumption of known a-priori is not valid. To circumvent these problems, a Multi-Hypothesis EKF (MHEKF) is developed with range-only measurements where the EKF has no a-priori information during initialization which means that the uncertainty associated is very large. In the end, we solve a distributed cooperative localization problem for ground vehicles. Centralized CL is c (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Rajnikant Sharma Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Raj Bhatnagar Ph.D. (Committee Member); Kevin Brink Ph.D. (Committee Member); Kelly Cohen Ph.D. (Committee Member); Manish Kumar Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Robots

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) in Leadership Studies, Xavier University, 2020, Leadership Studies and Human Resource Development

This study was designed to examine the impact of witnesses' participation in the Cincinnati Citizens Respect Our Witnesses (CCROW) witness support program on decisions whether to cooperate in violent felony cases and the potentially moderating effects of approach and avoidance motivation (Elliot & Thrash, 2002) on those decisions. The study employed Carver & White's (1994) BIS/BAS scale to assess approach and avoidance motivation and Cincinnati Police Department archival data documenting the levels of cooperation among witnesses of violent crimes and their participation in a program designed to protect and support such individuals in one Mid-Western urban community. An overview of contemporary research related to approach and avoidance motivation theory and witness cooperation establishes areas of intersection between these lines of research, but not direct tests of the relationship among these variables. The literature highlights a variety of aspects related to community support and themes related to witness cooperation including historical aspects of the no-snitch mentality and witness intimidation. Review of previous research explores themes related to approach-avoidance motivation: goal setting, self-regulation, and the need for relatedness and affiliation. This review determined current research is lacking on the relationship between community support and witness cooperation, as well as witness motivation to cooperate. The review of literature also established that witness cooperation has been a long-standing phenomenon within the legal system (Cannavale 1976), and civic engagement in a variety of ways can lead to a decrease in crime rates (Masiloane and Marais 2009). Given that witness non-cooperation continues to persist, this study was designed to explore the effectiveness of the CCROW program in predicting cooperation among the witnesses of violent crimes, and whether differences in participants' motivational profile moderates program effectiveness. Data (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Gail F. Latta Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Ebony Ruhland Ph.D. (Committee Member); Ahlam Lee Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Criminology; Social Research; Social Work

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) in Leadership Studies, Xavier University, 2020, Leadership Studies and Human Resource Development

The purpose of this study is to explore the current trends in levels of coopetition within the craft beer industry, as assessed by their engagement in collaborative efforts with their competitors in multiple geographic markets. While it is well documented that coopetition exists in small and medium-sized enterprises, especially craft breweries, it has not been studied at multiple geographical levels. The aim is to increase the scope of research and provide richer evidence of coopetitive efforts between organizations at local, regional, national levels. This study employed a non-experimental quantitative research method, using archival numerical data retrieved from publicly available databases to compare relationships between amounts of coopetition at the local, regional, and national level in the United States among breweries and 1) brewery age, 2) market saturation, 3) industry maturity, and 4) consumer social media ratings. All results other than brewery age vs. local coopetition had statistically significant relationships p < .05 and p < .01. All correlation coefficients (rs) were positive; most correlation were strong, with only market saturation at the local and regional level, and social media ratings at the national level, being of moderate strengths. These results suggest that coopetition is a beneficial practice for craft breweries. Leaders of these organizations may want to be intentional about which competitors they engage with regarding their geographic location to keep a competitive advantage in their industry.

Committee: Gail F. Latta Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Michael Flick Ph.D. (Committee Member); Michael Chikeleze Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Business Administration; Entrepreneurship

MDES, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Design

This thesis is proposing a new meal service for college students. The service combines the methods of the cooking co-op model and meal kit services. The thesis was developed in two steps: first is theoretical research and the second is service design and marketing planning. Theoretical research includes primary research and secondary research. The primary research of the thesis focuses on students' meal experience and discovering their needs in meals, preparing for the development of the service design. The secondary research aims at the social psychologist Carl Hovland's theories of persuasion and communication, discussing three components of persuasion: 1) source, 2) message and 3) audience, and establishing the guidelines for marketing development. The second step is service design and business planning. According to the data collected previously, a CoCook proposal was established. The business plan starts with the creation of personas. Then, a customer journey map was developed to stimulate the purchasing process. Finally, the theory of persuasion, which is discussed in secondary research, was applied on the lead nurturing process.

Committee: Peter Chamberlain M.F.A. (Committee Chair); Dianne Hardin M.S. M.Des. (Committee Member); Tony Kawanari M.A. I.D. (Committee Member); Gerald Michaud M.A. (Committee Member) Subjects: Social Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1980, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Education

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1977, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Political Science

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1977, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1975, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Education

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1970, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Education

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1969, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Education