Master of Arts (M.A.), Xavier University, 2016, Psychology

The purpose of this research was to determine if participation in a workplace health promotion (WHP) program has any influence on employees' awareness of and satisfaction with their body image, and whether or not those levels of awareness and satisfaction differ between male and female employees. It was hypothesized that individuals who participate in a WHP program would report higher body surveillance and lower body shame than those who do not participate in such a program. Exploratory hypotheses also questioned if there were gender differences in participants' experiences of surveillance and shame. Data was collected from a sample of 174 participants. Independent-samples t-tests were used to test the main hypotheses focused on participation, and ANCOVAs were used to test the exploratory hypotheses focused on gender. Neither of the main hypotheses yielded significant results, whereas the exploratory hypotheses yielded results in the opposite direction of what was hypothesized. This study contributed interesting findings to the literature on WHP and wellness programs, as well as two keys factors that contribute to the development of body image. Participating in, or at least being exposed to, a WHP program may lead some employees to experience varying degrees of body surveillance or body shame, but said participation did not yield a significant increase in surveillance nor a significant decrease in shame. Of greater interest is that although male WHP program participants and non-participants alike reported significantly more body surveillance, there were no significant differences between both male and female participants (and non-participants) in the experience of body shame. These results have significant implications for future discussions surrounding the development of body image and experience in WHP programs.

Committee: Morrie Mullins Ph.D (Committee Chair); Dalia Diab Ph.D (Committee Member); Christine Dacey Ph.D (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Sciences; Clinical Psychology; Gender; Health; Occupational Psychology; Organizational Behavior; Psychology

Master of Science, Miami University, 2007, Physical Education, Health, and Sport Studies

The primary purpose of this study was to compare female athletes and non-athletes from both single-sex and coeducational school on three aspects of their psychosocial status: self-perceptions, body image, and gender-related cognitive schemata. Results showed that girls from coeducational school had overall higher self-perceptions than did girls from single-sex schools. Single-sex school girls exhibited more social physique anxiety than did coeducational girls and study participants as a group were more apt to use body competence to determine body image as compared to body appearance. Single-sex school girls and athletes were less gender stereotyped than were coeducational girls and non-athletes respectively. The current study addresses differences between school type and adds a new knowledge base to the somewhat dated research in the educational field. Additionally, this study examines a comparison between athletes and non-athletes on their body image (and body image orientation) and gender-related cognitive schema patterns using the newer constructivist approach.

Committee: Thelma Horn (Advisor) Subjects: