MA, University of Cincinnati, 2022, Arts and Sciences: Classics

Vergil's systematic deployment of gremium to show coexisting maternity and sexuality is unparalleled by other extant Classical authors. Through a close reading of four passages from Books 1 and 4 of the Aeneid, I argue that gremium becomes the physical site where Dido's maternal and sexual desire intersect. My argument responds, in particular, to psychoanalytic readings that oversexualize Dido and see her sexuality as corrupting her maternity; Dido's gremium is a seat of intersecting and overlapping desires, which are related but distinct. In order to preface the discussion of the Aeneid, I first present evidence that the lap and gremium are feminine-coded concepts in the ancient sources and highlight the connections to maternity and sexuality. Building upon these broad observations, I demonstrate how Vergil develops a web of semantic associations surrounding gremium to frame Dido and related characters' maternal and sexual identities. Then, I analyze how those identities interact with each other within the network. In order to contextualize Vergil's unique deployment of gremium to speak to female characters' maternal and sexual identities and desires, I turn to Lucretius who similarly uses gremium systematically in an explicitly feminine-coded context, the image of Mother Earth. An analysis of the four instances of gremium in De Rerum Natura calls attention to the overlapping themes in the use of gremium between Lucretius and Vergil, namely its use with Venus and its use to represent maternity and fertility. My intertextual analysis that compares the similar feminine-coded themes in both authors' versions suggests that Lucretius directly influenced Vergil's use of gremium. The comparison to Lucretius results in a widening of the initial network that illuminates the shared associations of gremium in the Vergilian corpus beyond Dido and Venus. This paves the way for a fruitful analysis of gremium in Ovid. Ovid uses gremium with men to subvert gender roles. When he do (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Daniel Markovich Ph.D. (Committee Member); Caitlin Hines Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient Languages

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2021, Interdisciplinary Arts (Fine Arts)

This dissertation examines the ways in which the paragone functioned within Cinquecento Venetian artistic society. By focusing on five of Titian's Venus with a Musician paintings, this dissertation reveals the progression and changes in the approach to the paragone in Venice and shifts the focus of art historians away from the Florentine debates. Using discussions of Florentine and Venetian writers about the visual arts and music, this dissertation considers that music and the senses played a greater role in the paragone and the interpretation of beauty than originally assumed by scholars. The argument that sight is the paramount sense in the paragone is challenged, especially when considering hearing and touch. This dissertation also seeks to bridge gaps between the disciplines of art history and Renaissance musicology. The parallels between music and the visual arts are explored through a comparison between Titian and Adrian Willaert, as well as Leonardo da Vinci and Josquin de Prez. A comparison between Venetian colorito and musical word painting is made through these artists and composers as well. This dissertation also illustrates the differences between the approaches of Florentine and Venetian painting theory by tracing the progression of ideas in disegno and colorito and a comparison of the Florentine and Venetian approaches to ekphrasis. Lastly, a comparison between Titian's Venus and Musician paintings and the poesie he created for King Philip II of Spain explores and further validates the commission of one of the Venus with a Musician paintings for the King.

Committee: Charles Buchanan (Advisor); Vladimir Marchenkov (Committee Member); Richard Wetzel (Committee Member); Jody Lamb (Committee Member) Subjects: Art History

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2019, Geological Sciences

Surface-atmosphere interactions on the surface of Venus have long been suggested to play an important role that planet's climate evolution. Due to the limited in situ data available from Venus exploration, understanding the surface geology and climate history of the planet relies heavily on theoretical modeling and laboratory experimentation. We conducted two experiments where a broad range of minerals, rocks, and glasses either mentioned in the literature or included in previous experiments were exposed to a high-fidelity Venus surface simulation using the Glenn Extreme Environment Rig (GEER). The GEER chamber successfully maintained Venus surface conditions for 42 and 80 days. Post exposure analysis included several microanalysis techniques as well as thermodynamic modeling to allow a comparison of observed to predicted results for Venus surface reactions. Most of the basaltic materials showed reaction with sulfur-bearing gases in the simulated Venus atmosphere to form anhydrite, with olivine and labradorite being the least reactive. Volcanic glasses included in our study showed formation of both anhydrite and thenardite, with some of the natural glasses forming copper sulfate. None of the minerals included in the Urey Equilibrium (calcite and wollastonite) appear to be inherently stable, and there does not appear to be formation of any carbonates. Iron sulfides are very unstable, forming distinct oxide compounds with no formation of sulfates or carbonates. Iron carbonate (siderite) formed iron/magnesium sulfates as well as iron oxide. Magnetite (iron oxide) was very stable, and was a reaction product of iron sulfides and siderite. Sulfur-bearing compounds as the most ubiquitous reaction has major implications for sediment production and future exploration of the planet as well as offering a sulfur sink that influences the composition of both the atmosphere and crust of Venus. These results also offer insight to general terrestrial planetary sediment evolution wi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Ralph Harvey PhD (Advisor) Subjects: Atmospheric Chemistry; Experiments; Geochemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Mineralogy; Planetology

Master of Sciences (Engineering), Case Western Reserve University, 2019, EECS - Electrical Engineering

This thesis describes the design of a surface pinhole camera based on a GaAs photodiode that can operate at extreme temperatures for 1000 hours. This particular pinhole camera is designed to assist NASA with development of a camera rated for a mission to Venus. The design consists of a photodiode inside a tube that samples light as pixels and builds an image one pixel at a time when motors sweep the photodiode in the yaw and pitch axes. The photodiode semiconductors investigated for this camera are Si, InP, InAs, 4-H SiC, GaN, and GaAs since they are chemically inert with respect to the Venusian atmosphere; in particular a CO2/SO2 atmosphere at a pressure of 92 bar, and a surface temperature of 733K. The fabrication and development of the chosen GaAs photodiode will be discussed and compared with other semiconductor options.

Committee: Christian Zorman (Committee Chair); Christos Papachristou (Committee Member); Philip Feng (Committee Member) Subjects: Engineering; Science Education

Master of Science in Electrical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2014, Washkewicz College of Engineering

NASA Glenn Research Center has designed and built a test chamber that can recreate the hot, dense atmospheric conditions of the deep Venusian atmosphere, where pressures range as high as 92 atmospheres and temperatures as high as 740 K. The majority of this thesis lies in experimentally measuring and quantifying the infrared absorption of CO2 at Venus-like conditions in this laboratory setting. In particular, we describe the challenges and solutions involved in achieving repeatable laboratory test conditions, as well as the iterative process of modifying/optimizing our experimental test setup, including proposed future improvements. We discuss our measured CO2 absorption spectra, qualitatively, in terms of theoretical models, and quantitatively, through comparisons with other available laboratory data. Specifically, we replicated two tests conducted by European Space Agency (ESA) researchers. The first of these tests looked at the effects of high pressure on the infrared absorption of CO2. For this test, a band integration method was used to compare our results to ESA's, resulting in agreement to 1.08%. The second of these tests involved taking CO2 absorption measurements at conditions found 22 km above Venus's surface, measuring the effects of both high pressure and high temperature on the infrared spectra. Band-integrated areas were also calculated for this test, however, since ESA did not publish their band-integrated results, our comparison was based on individual absorbance peaks. For this test, our measurements differed by approximately -12.0% compared with the literature. This difference was attributed to thermal inhomogeneity in our test setup at elevated temperatures, and modifications to improve thermal homogeneity were proposed. Finally, we describe the relevance of this work, especially with regards to the quantification of trace gasses against the strong CO2 background. Specifically, we present data showing how elevated temperatures and pressures modif (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Daniel Simon PhD (Committee Chair); Andrew Resnick PhD (Committee Member); Siu-Tung Yau PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences; Engineering; Optics; Planetology

MA, University of Cincinnati, 2002, Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning : Art History

Below the slopes of Mount Vesuvius there is a large Roman villa that was built in a fertile vineyard country. During one phase its history in Pompeii, an impressive frescoed frieze was painted in a small room by an unknown artist (60-50 B.C.). Having been covered in A.D. 79 by the catastrophic volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the villa remained perfectly preserved until its rediscovery in 1861, and final unearthing from 1910 to 1930. The building was named the Villa of the Mysteries, while the frieze has been called the Bacchic Scene due to the god Bacchus' omnipresence in the painting. In the frieze, mortal women are depicted in a variety of activities connected to the mystery gods of fertility, such as Bacchus and Venus, although there remains much debate about the actual meaning of the scene. I propose the subject of fertility and the roles of Roman women for an explanation of the frieze, as most of the figures in the painting are mortal women. Two fundamental rites of passage were associated with women: marriage and childbirth. I believe childbirth and fertility play a much larger role. The symbols in the painting are associated with Bacchus and Venus, fertility gods. This painting is charged with sexual meaning and underscores the demand in Rome for women to provide an heir. The scene pays homage to this idea, and to the gods Romans believed would affect conception. This thesis begins with a description of the figures of the mystical frieze in chapter one. An examination of the twenty-nine figures participating in the frenzy of activity helps determine the meaning. Chapter two discuses female fertility and the social standing of women in Rome. The third chapter examines the mystery gods and their female followers, emphasizing the cults of Bacchus and Venus. Chapter four gives an assessment of the mythological and secular imagery relating to Roman women. The concluding chapter covers the progression of scholarship on the frieze from its beginnings to the pre (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jonathan Riess (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2007, Art History (Fine Arts)

This thesis will examine Grace Jones in 1982's One Man Show. Based on live concerts filmed in London and New York, the video serves as an archive of Jones's experimental work in music. Whereas her character roles in films such as Conan the Destroyerand A View to Killembodied common stereotypes about black sexuality, her music repudiates these traditional roles. One Man Showillustrates Jones's increased control in the production of her image. She combined visual references to industrial society, primitivism, and fashion with music that provided an alternative narrative to our cultural history. By doing this, Jones exemplified the cooperative aspect of popular culture and its public, which is far from passively watching. I would like to explore the relationship between Grace Jones, the persona that she created in performance, and the significance of the persona in popular culture.

Committee: Jeannette Klein (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2011, EMC - Mechanical Engineering

Unique cooling systems have to be designed to cool the electronic components of space exploration rover, especially in places like Venus, which has harsh surface conditions. The atmospheric pressure and temperature on the surface of Venus are 92 bars and 450 0C respectively, which make operation of electronic devices and sensors very difficult. An exploration rover sent to operate at an altitude of 40 km above Venus' surface will also need active refrigeration of its electronic components as the temperature can be around 145 0C. Conventional cooling methods are currently deemed unfeasible due to the short life span of moving parts of the refrigerator systems at high temperatures. Furthermore, alternate energy sources such as solar power are not an option on Venus, since the cloud layer consisting of concentrated sulfuric acid droplets is thick and the cloud layer reduces the solar intensity at the surface to about 2% of the intensity above the atmosphere. Therefore, developing alternate method of power and cooling systems are essential for Venus surface operation of any robotic rover. The advantages of using thermoacoustic systems are that there are no moving parts, and they have efficiencies comparable to conventional systems. This work discusses the development and optimization of a standing wave thermoacoustic engine refrigerator system to be used as a cooling device for the electronic components. The effects of various parameters such as gas mixture ratio, pressure, stack material, etc. is discussed. The system designed provides 150 W of cooling power while operating between 170 0C and 50 0C. The surface cooling temperature drop of 4000C is too large to be achieved by a single unit. Hence, multiple units are staged in series to obtain the required cooling temperature on the surface.

Committee: Jaikrishnan R. Kadambi PhD (Advisor); Yasuhiro Kamotani PhD (Committee Member); Alexis Abramson PhD (Committee Member); Sree N. Sreenath PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Acoustics; Mechanical Engineering

Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, 2012, Earth and Environmental Sciences

In this study, fault trace-lengths of normal faults are measured in southern Sedna Planitia, Venus between 27° to 32° latitude and 336° to 343° longitude where smooth, lowland plains transition into highland regions which are broken by basin and range style tectonics. The fault trace-lengths are plotted on a cumulative number verses length plot (CNL) and fit with a power function, exponential function, and logarithmic function to determine which function best describes the trace-length distribution. A power function is the best fit with a scaling exponent of 1.73. This result is compared to previous studies of fault trace-lengths on Venus, Mars, and Earth where fault trace-lengths have been fit by power functions on CNL plots. The scaling exponent found in this study is closest to the scaling exponent found in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece. Fault density is the same across the study area. The normal faults in the study area show a small amount of strain and interaction within the fault system as part of a growth regime. This helps to separate it from previous studies on Venus and explain the tectonic transition across the study area.

Committee: Christopher Barton PhD (Advisor); Doyle Watts PhD (Committee Member); Christopher Scholz PhD (Committee Member); David Dominic PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology; Geophysics; Planetology