Master of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, 2016, City and Regional Planning

The purpose of this study is to explore emerging research and planning concepts in conjunction with practical case studies to yield specific insights into promoting transit-oriented development (TOD). As it relates to TOD, this thesis focuses on public sector strategies, including public-private partnerships. Each of the case study cities exhibit unique contexts, including varying degrees of market strength, existing transit ridership, and funding capacity. The TOD solutions that these case study cities implement, the focus of this thesis, are shaped by and for those unique contexts. A review of literature will examine a broad array of sources that shed light on transit-oriented development practices in similar contexts. This discussion draws from specific examples of innovation in finance, policy, design, and planning; as well as a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages. Following the literature review, this study will analyze the historical evolution of transportation and transit policy, including federal and state-level programs. The crux of this study is ten (10) case study cities that transcend several fixed-guideway types (heavy rail, light rail, bus rapid transit, streetcar) and markets of varying size and strength. Findings on significant strategies that yield results within these case studies will be organized into benchmarks and best practices, intended as a uniquely contextual resource for emerging cities aspiring to incorporate transit-oriented development into planning for sustainable development.

Committee: Kimberly Burton (Advisor); Rachel Kleit PhD (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architectural; Architecture; Area Planning and Development; Civil Engineering; Land Use Planning; Public Policy; Sustainability; Transportation; Transportation Planning; Urban Planning

MA, Kent State University, 2014, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Geography

This thesis explores how the goals of different urban actors, including municipal government, wealthy and low-income urbanites, combine in the location, creation and preservation of sites of low-income housing in an inland Chinese city: Chongqing. The provision of low-income housing is considered an important planning goal, however current plans indicate that all planned sites of low-income housing will be relegated to the urban perimeter. Planning documents and public exhibits of planning goals, published and set up by the city of Chongqing, are used to delineate low-income housing initiatives as well as other political and economic planning goals. Locations of pre-Communist housing in central Chongqing are extracted from high resolution satellite imagery between 2002 and 2010. This housing is then divided into different types of neighborhood depending on geographic context (inner city, former village, on riverside cliffs). This document- and image-based analysis of low-income housing in central Chongqing is supplemented by an examination of economic change in the larger Chongqing urban area. A model depicting the relationship between the goals of different urban actors vis-a-vis low-income housing is presented.

Committee: David Kaplan (Advisor) Subjects: Geography; Remote Sensing; Urban Planning

MCP, University of Cincinnati, 2005, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning

Americans have been moving back into downtowns to live in major cities. Many large cities are gearing up for this transition, and more housing developments in city centers are being planned. Their downtowns have been seeing huge increases in housing development. This is due to demographic change throughout the country and support from the city, state, and federal governments in an effort to implement “smart growth” policies. According to Downtown Cincinnati, Inc., the housing market in downtown Cincinnati is considered to be in a seminal condition for this change. Given this housing trend and the fact that there are a number of abandoned structurally sound buildings in downtown Cincinnati, adaptive reuse should be fully utilized to meet the housing demand. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the location of potential residential buildings for adaptive reuse, utilizing the criteria used by housing experts.

Committee: David Edelman (Advisor) Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Akron, 2006, Urban Studies and Public Affairs

The main purpose of this study is to contribute to the field of urban modeling by identifying factors associated with the location of infill housing development in declining American cities. The focus of this research is on the institutional factors that have not been considered in traditional urban land use models. The two main research questions were: (1) are the institutional factors significantly associated with the location of urban infill housing development in declining American cities? and (2) are the institutional factors more important than non-institutional factors, i.e., site and neighborhood characteristics, in determining the location of infill housing development? The study analyzed housing development patterns in City of Cleveland, Ohio, during the 1990s. Most of the institutional factors were found to be significantly related to infill housing development. The land bank and Neighborhood Reinvestment Agreement (NRA) programs were found to be particularly important in guiding the process of the infill housing development. Several non-institutional factors such as the quantity of vacant residential land were also found to be significantly related to infill housing development. Other non-institutional factors that have been traditionally used in urban models such as accessibility and proximity to amenities were found to not be significantly related to the location of infill housing development. Interestingly, the minority-concentrated, poverty-stricken, crime-ridden, and population-losing neighborhoods which urban modelers have traditionally assumed would have little new housing experienced the most housing development activities. These rather surprising results reflect the fact that these neighborhoods were the focus of governments' and other supporting institutions' efforts to revitalize depressed urban neighborhoods. The study has several important implications for urban modelers and urban planners. It first suggests that urban models for the residen (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Richard Klosterman (Advisor) Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2013, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Considering the current shift to information-based economies and the decay of manufacturing sectors, industrial cities are striving to adapt by restructuring local economies, redesigning their urban centers, and mediating the expansion of the periphery. The goal of this thesis will be to explore an urban regeneration or rejuvenation process that embraces the existing context of an underutilized historic building. This thesis research provides a narrative of Cincinnati's early development, eventual industrialization and its transformation in search of a new identity. It examines the city's incremental development, subsequent social, economic and physical decay and its current urban regeneration that is based on the re-appropriation of its historic landscape. The project site, Glencoe Place Hotel and Apartments, located in Cincinnati's Mt. Auburn neighborhood, manifests a visible link to this urban neighborhoods' past. The building's re-use and re-design will build upon contemporary architectural language, but also allude to the building's previous history, form, and character. The design intervention promotes an urban intensification intended to incorporate activity and circulation as working variables to condense and redirect the pattern of the site's urban life. The programmatic strategy consists of a hybrid building typology that is able to anchor an abandoned housing complex to the adjacent Christ Hospital, an institution looming over the site. This renegotiated interconnectivity is intended to re-appropriate, re-populate and re-activate the abandoned urban site.

Committee: Michael McInturf M.Arch (Committee Chair); Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Science in Urban Studies, Cleveland State University, 2013, Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs

Multifamily development patterns remain an overlooked aspect of the research examining urban growth and morphology. This study examines multifamily development patterns in the Kansas City Metropolitan Statistical Area from 1990 to 2010. Additionally, this study examines patterns of multifamily infill in order to determine (1) the growth rate of multifamily development within four infill scenarios, (2) whether high density neighborhoods receive disproportionate amounts of multifamily development, and (3) the rates of development in inner city, inner-ring, and outer-ring neighborhoods. This study found that rates of multifamily development were grew at up to twice the rate of single-family development in certain infill areas. Additionally, it found that multifamily development was dispersed throughout the metropolitan region, with prominent development taking place in inner city, inner-ring, outer-ring, and sprawling areas.

Committee: W. Dennis Keating PhD (Committee Chair); Stephanie Ryberg Webster PhD (Committee Member); Brian Mikelbank PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geographic Information Science; Urban Planning

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2023, Geography

One of the most important factors that influence the quality of life in America is the cost and quality of housing, yet more than half of Americans report having trouble finding an affordable place to live (Tighe 2010; Schaeffer 2022). The creation of Community Land Trusts stems from questions regarding what to do about poverty, social inequality, and the relationships between people, land, and home. Once rooted in anti-capitalist and social justice practices, CLTs have more recently been seen as a strategy to limit financial housing speculation and as a vehicle to provide affordable housing. Here in Columbus, The Central Ohio Community Land Trust (COCLT) sits uncomfortably between the City's express dedication to the growth of property values and an attempt to provide affordable housing adjacent to the so-called free market. In this research, I investigate the circumstances of the introduction of the COCLT as a response to the growing affordability crisis in the oldest part of the city, Franklinton. Through an in-depth study of how the COCLT operates, this research aims to detail a novel CLT arrangement and advance our understanding of the multiple ways CLTs can work. This research broadly contributes to the field of Urban Geography, informs urban housing policy, and combines ethnographic methods with archival research to untangle the web of social connections, paradoxical policy, and particular histories which weave together to form this version of the Central Ohio Community Land Trust.

Committee: Madhumita Dutta (Advisor); Miranda Martinez (Committee Member); Kendra McSweeney (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2023, Agricultural, Environmental and Developmental Economics

Ohio's Scenic Rivers Program (OSRP) designates high-quality streams to protect pristine riparian corridors. My first essay uses a large data set of home sales across Ohio to identify the effect of designation on local housing values using temporal and spatial regressions. I find an average capitalization effect of approximately 6-8% for homes within 1km of designated streams that is robust to numerous sample definitions. This finding provides a unique ex-ante – ex-post hedonic analysis of scenic river designation to assist local governments' decisions on future program expansions. More fundamentally, this essay demonstrates how the value of environmental amenities may be dependent on a promise of future protection. The United States' Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) is a critical support structure for the country's farm financial security, but its size and centrally controlled prices allow for large efficiency losses through moral hazard and adverse selection. My second essay investigates successive droughts as one potential source of these issues. I hypothesize that successive droughts represent a right-tail risk that is predictable enough to incentivize adverse selection into the FCIP. My results show that successive droughts substantially and significantly lower irrigation's ability to mitigate losses from drought. This relationship carries over from lost acreage to loss ratios, a signal that the FCIP pricing cycles allow for this temporal adverse selection. The Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) has made significant progress in achieving universal coverage; however, expansion to specialty crop products remains a challenge. My third essay demonstrates a Machine Learning process with which I use historical data on weather and crop losses from ‘training' counties to predict indemnification from a specialty crop in counties out of sample. I show that this method produces an average loss ratio comparable to USDA RMA performance without any geographic weig (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Henry Klaiber (Advisor); Zoe Plakias (Committee Member); Roselyn Lee-Won (Committee Member); Brent Sohngen (Committee Member); Mario Miranda (Committee Member) Subjects: Agricultural Economics; Environmental Economics

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Arts and Sciences: Geography

Since the middle of 20th century, the metropolitan areas in United States have transformed from monocentric to polycentric, with employments and residents decentralizing into suburb areas beyond the urban cores. The fast growth of jobs and population and the expansion of urban areas reshaped many aspects of urban structures, and brought challenges, such as traffic congestions, long commutes, and green gas emission to metropolitan areas. To explore the changes of urban structures and analyze how urban structures affected commuting, this dissertation proposed multiple methods to quantify urban structures and examined the impact of urban structures on commuting from various geographic scales: metropolitan level, local level, and individual level. At the metropolitan level, it proposed a systematic method to quantify the different levels of polycentricity for the metropolitan areas with more than 50,000 commuters from 2000 to 2010 and investigated how the changes of urban structures affected commuting by private cars and public transit. At local level, this dissertation delved into the urban structures by analyzing the relative relationship between the employment and residents, the jobs-housing balance to examine its impact on commuting from 2003 to 2015 for Cincinnati metropolitan area. It further explored jobs-housing balance from three perspectives: job or housing rich, income mismatch, and job diversity. Specifically, jobs-housing ratio, average of ratios, and entropy index were applied to represent these three perspectives. At the individual level, this research investigated the urban structure through identifying different workplace and home types by the decentralization and clustering of employment, and jobs-housing balance around individual home locations. The analysis was conducted to explore the impact of urban structure on individual commuting distance, duration, and traffic congestion when socio-demographic factors were controlled for Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana r (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Changjoo Kim Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Diego Cuadros Ph.D. (Committee Member); Lin Liu Ph.D. (Committee Member); Robert South Ph.D. (Committee Member); Rainer vom Hofe Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

In the 1950s Kuwait's ruler Sheikh Abdallah Al-Salem initiated the transformation of the country from a small port town to a modern socialist welfare state. This transformation entailed the provision of modern infrastructure and welfare services—health care, education, and housing. While the state extended health care to all residents, it limited education and housing to Kuwaiti citizens, thus instigating decades of polarized urban landscapes and a stratified social structure. As the state attempted to adopt modernity, it resorted to categorize its population by nationality, ethnicity, income bracket, and family structure among others and it tailored welfare services accordingly. This often raised issues and tensions between “tradition” and “modernity,” as perceived in Kuwait at the time. Tradition was considered as cultural practices and beliefs related to the past, whereas modernity was aligned with progress and advancement evident in the sciences and industrial development and exemplified by the West. Despite this significant phenomenon, we currently lack a thorough survey and analysis of this development. The housing program began in the 1950s, when the state implemented several housing policies through multiple public agencies. It adopted and appropriated foreign concepts such as the neighborhood-unit, detached single-family house, multi-unit block housing, and more recently “self-sufficient” satellite towns. The state's housing program also segregated various populations, creating several distinct dualities: Kuwaiti/non-Kuwaiti; “urbanized” versus “non-urbanized” or hadhar versus Bedouin; citizen versus stateless (Bidoon); and lastly nuclear versus non-nuclear family (single mothers). Thus, the polarized built environment physically reflected these socio-economic dualities that have been prevalent in Kuwaiti society. The dissertation sheds light on this predicament while providing a comprehensive narrative of this unique development in Kuwait, which ha (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Carla Chifos Ph.D. (Committee Member); Jeffrey Tilman Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2019, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

The Baghdad–Berlin Railway played a central role in the modernization of the City of Mosul, including its urban form, its architecture, and its housing. The development of railway infrastructure led to the opening of new streets, particularly Nineveh (Ninawa) Street, and the establishment of the Mosul railways and its complex, including the Mosul railway station and the railway workers' housing. Comparative case studies will illustrate the railway's impact on the modernization, urban form, architecture, and housing of cities in other locations to show how the establishment of the railway and changes in technology impacted the town's conversion into a different type of city, a city with an ethnically mingled community. This conversion can inspire current urban and architectural designers in the development and reconstruction of this city, especially given its present devastation resulting from the war to liberate it from ISIS.

Committee: Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Elizabeth Frierson Ph.D. (Committee Member); Jeffrey Tilman Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2019, History

The case of Dayton's “Fair-Share” Metropolitan Housing Plan (1969–1981) presents a challenge to several traditional narratives of (sub)urban postwar U.S. history. Planners in Greater Dayton successfully integrated the region's affordable housing stock while encouraging the Department of Housing and Urban Development (H.U.D.) to inaugurate a new era of fair housing in the wake of the failure of George Romney's Open Communities program. The Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission did so with the help of willing business elites and federal administrators, and also by adopting conservative suburban rhetoric to serve the end of metropolitan open housing. This narrative examines why business elites and the suburbs came to support the construction affordable housing outside of the city, and why fair share fair housing was adopted by H.U.D. This thesis challenges the assertion that fair housing inherently conflicts with community development. It also traces the history of metropolitan-wide fair housing to its proper origins: Dayton, Ohio. The Dayton Plan was successful on its own terms, in that it increased the affordability of suburban housing. But racial integration did not follow economic integration, as planners had assumed. This was due in large part to retrenchment in fair housing on the part of the federal government and local business elites. More specifically, the economic hollowing-out of Dayton played a role in the failure of the plan to racially integrate the suburbs—a heretofore unexplored explanation for continued metropolitan segregation in small cities of the Midwest during the decades following the passage of the Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Committee: Steven Conn (Advisor); Nishani Frazier (Committee Member); Damon Scott (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2019, Agricultural, Environmental and Developmental Economics

The United States is a highly urbanized nation. Today, with a growing number of people living in cities, a better understanding of how changes within urban areas impact the well-being of residents has important implications for policymakers and communities. The urban spatial structure of these cities is continually evolving, and in different ways across cities. This changing urban environment has substantial impacts on health and well-being. This dissertation takes a comprehensive view of social welfare from a policy perspective, including questions related to environmental degradation and public health, in order to scrutinize how urban gradients and urban spatial structures yield different consequences and affect residents in various ways. My first chapter explores how changing urbanization patterns in the United States influences air quality outcomes. Specifically, I seek to answer whether more compact forms of residential development result in better air quality relative to more sprawling patterns. I use spatially explicit data on air pollution and residential development, including over 6 million observations on new housing from tax assessment data, across large metropolitan areas to reveal a causal link between urban sprawl and air pollution from vehicle traffic. I find that compact cities experience a larger reduction in nitrogen dioxide and ozone compared with sprawling cities. In my second chapter, I explore the health benefits of urban green space. In order to better understand the impacts of urban green space on health outcomes, I examine the effects of city park area on mortality rates from cardiovascular disease among the elderly. I combine city park data with data on mortality rates, behavioral risk factors, and socioeconomic characteristics to conduct comparative case studies utilizing a synthetic control method. I select cities with significantly increased and reduced park area and examine how health benefits vary compared to cities where park (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Elena Irwin (Advisor); Mark Partridge (Committee Member); Abdoul Sam (Committee Member) Subjects: Economics; Environmental Economics; Regional Studies

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2018, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

This dissertation aims to critically analyze the causes and consequences of the transformation of urban housing typologies from state-subsidized housing to privatized gated communities in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq. Methodologically, it will examine and compare the typologies of urban housing in Baghdad under different political regimes, from the initiation of urban housing programs during the mid-1950s until the present day. Therefore, the analysis of urban housing typologies is chronologically divided into four phases based on shifts in political regimes that have ruled Iraq: the monarchy (1921-1958), the communist-allied Qassim regime (1958-1963), the Ba'ath socialist regime (1963-2003), and a federal democratic regime (2003-present). In order to provide a deep look into the characteristics of urban housing, a case study has been selected from each political phase. The analysis will emphasize their physical characteristics, spatial organization, safety, and socio-economic characteristics. Additionally, the analysis will go beyond the architecture and spatial characteristics of urban housing projects to include housing provision approaches, policies, and financial programs during each of the four political phases in order to trace and decode the context of urban housing projects. Through the exploration of these phases, this dissertation will examine the impact of the various economic systems in Iraq that have influenced urban housing provision approaches as well as urban housing typologies. It will explore the connection between socialism and the rise of state-built urban housing in Baghdad during the second half of the 20th century, and the connection between neoliberalism and the rise of market-provided, gated communities after 2003. Although both the socialist and the neoliberalist approaches of housing provisions in Iraq have been addressed in scholarly work, the urban housing typologies that have resulted from these approaches are understudied. Thi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Patrick Snadon Ph.D. (Committee Member); Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Arts and Sciences: Geography

Suburbanization that has occurred across the U.S. since the middle of last century (Garreau 1991). With this continued growth come sustainability concerns associated with low density development. The concern that receives the most media attention is the increase in greenhouse gases associated with increased automobile use. However there are other concerns about the impact of these development patterns on environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Examples of these concerns include access to goods and services, the distribution of employment opportunities, how public transit might better serve residents. Transportation, particularly private auto use, matters immensely in each of the aforementioned aspects of sustainability, whether research is focused on getting particular people out of cars to curb greenhouse gas emissions, facilitating access to more job opportunities for low-income people, or measuring all of the economic activity related to either. In measuring the sustainability of an area, the journey to work reveals important insights about typical transportation patterns of residents. For example, how much farther minority residents are forced to travel to work (Kain 1968), the effectiveness of diversity and design on public transit use (Cervero and Kockelman 1997), and whether people self select into neighborhoods where they do not have to drive (Schwanen and Mokhtarian 2005). Journey to work data and the excess commuting framework have been used to quantify the effects of land-use on commuting patterns in cities and metro regions for over 30 years (Kanaroglou, Higgins and Chowdhury 2015, Ma and Banister 2006). Much research has gone into improving the applicability of the framework by making it more representative of reality. Insights from studies using this framework can inform planners and policy makers by quantitatively assessing the layout of cities across time and/or space. These studies serve to illustrate some of the more unsustainable aspe (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Changjoo Kim (Committee Chair); Michael Niedzielski| A. (Committee Member); Robert South (Committee Member); Tomasz Stepinski| (Committee Member); Michael Widener (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

PHD, Kent State University, 2016, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Geography

This dissertation provides the socio-economic weight of poverty in Cleveland history. Since the current geographical form of poverty is conceptualized based on the NEO- CANDO/CANDO dataset in 1993, the reliance of Cleveland welfare policy on this concept is significant. NEO-CANDO/CANDO dataset is a basis of Housing Opportunity for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) program of Cleveland; its demographic data collection became a framework to conceptualize/question what current geographical form of poverty of Cleveland is. This geographical context gives us two historical questions; first, the history of conceptualization of poverty, and second its impact in the history of Cleveland. Considering Cleveland was founded in 1796, it is possible to infer that the concept of poverty is transformative; it influences the shape of the urban environment. It is necessary to investigate the geographical correlation between the history of conceptualization of poverty and its impact to the change of urban environment. The study traces people's historical dialogues about poverty and how they applied their dialogue to shape Cleveland geographically from 1796 to 1991.

Committee: Tyner James Ph.D (Advisor); Andrew Curtis Ph.D (Committee Member); Sarah Smiley Ph.D (Committee Member); Richard Serpe Ph.D (Committee Member); Juile Mazzei Ph.D (Other) Subjects: Geography; History

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2015, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Upon release from prison many former inmates become recidivist. They can break parole and/or commit another crime and be reincarcerated based on poor access to stable housing and work due to stigma and availability of proper environments, as well as a lack of suitable work programs and/or housing. The formerly incarcerated also suffer many psychological problems such as feelings of a lack of control and the loss of their independent pre prison identities. Many halfway houses that provide these services have unstable atmospheres or can't provide support for the former criminals seeking jobs. Proposed is a facility in the Avondale neighborhood of Cincinnati that will incorporate housing with a commercial aspect to be staffed by residents. The commercial facility will provide a community asset that is currently lacking in the area, comprising of a fresh market grocery store that directly engages the community with the center. The center will also providing for the housing of the former inmates in residences designed to help ease their transition back into society at large, refraining from dehumanizing aspects such as communal bedrooms and non privacy. Elements of personalization and interactivity will allow residents to exert a control and ownership over their environment, allowing them to reclaim their independent identities lost in prison. The building designed will showcase a manner in which architecture and architectural interventions can be used to help a community and disenfranchised individuals reclaim their identities and help create dialogue and reduce stigma with existing residents. This project will hopefully spark interest in the idea that architecture can be part of the process of combating larger social problems.

Committee: Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Bachelor of Business Administration, University of Toledo, 2015, Finance

The United States Financial Crisis of 2007 hit the economy hard, and left it reeling for years to come. This paper will discuss the factors leading up to the crisis in the United States, with a focus on the shadow banking system, and the steps the United States government took during an after the crisis. Shadow banks are financial intermediaries that are not regulated, which creates direct competition for traditional banks. The Dodd-Frank Act was implemented after the recession and its impact on the current economy will be explored. What we take away from the events that occurred leading up to, during, and after the financial crisis can potentially help avoid this occurrence in the future.

Committee: Michael Sherman Dr. (Advisor) Subjects: Finance

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2014, Interdisciplinary Arts (Fine Arts)

This dissertation examines the relationship between art and urban renewal through case studies in Taipei, Taiwan, from 2010-2013. The common use of art by artists, activists, and residents to critique neoliberal urban policies demonstrates that art can help scrutinize social systems and prompt critical reflection. The main objectives of these protest artworks are improved housing rights, equitable urban planning, and increased civic participation in policy making. The various art forms employed include sculpture, writings, graffiti, film, photography, music, dance, and performance art. The interdisciplinary and collaborative nature of many artworks is notable, and leads to a broader definition of Participatory Art as an art form that not only relies on but also can be initiated by members of the public. The case studies also illustrate that conviviality and criticality can co-exist in Participatory Art. Taiwan's art and activism for housing rights were characterized by the vigorous and persistent involvement of university students and the cooperation between citizens from dissimilar socioeconomic backgrounds. The language and imagery incorporated in the artworks produced a theatricality that was simultaneously amiable, jovial, resistant, and combative. The convivial and militant tones concurrent in these works encapsulate Taiwan's housing rights movement. These characteristics also reflect cultural elements unique to Taiwan, which were influenced by the country's colonial history. A broader and richer interpretation of Participatory Art emerges from its diverse adaptations in the featured art examples, which illustrate multiple approaches to facilitating socially-minded artistic practices through public participation. Furthermore, this research affirms Participatory Art's ability to agitate problematic dynamics in the (re)construction of cities in the globalized present.

Committee: Charles Buchanan (Committee Chair); Marina Peterson (Committee Member); Andrea Frohne (Committee Member); Jennie Klein (Committee Member) Subjects: Art Criticism; Art History; Asian Studies; Sociology; Urban Planning

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2012, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

The suburban development pattern has displaced urbanism in the United States resulting in sprawl and a number of negative environmental, financial, health and social consequences; however, an emerging restructuring of the national demographic and economic profile suggest the need for a return to urbanism. In architectural discourse, urbanists have thoroughly documented the consequences of the suburban present and envisioned an urban future. This urban future is largely based on the analysis of precedent, i.e. historic urban neighborhoods; yet, less than adequate attention has been devoted to the design of appropriate dwellings for this urban future. This thesis identifies the attributes and characteristics of certain archetypal urban dwellings useful to the design of new urban dwellings, such as the private gardens of ancient courtyard houses and the built-in furnishings of early American homes. These design principles are then applied to the design of an apartment building to be located on the site of the recently demolished Schiel School in Corryville, Cincinnati. The design seeks to fulfill an emerging market demand for compact and dense residential rental properties in vibrant urban districts. This demand originates with the young professionals and active retirees whose lifestyle is no longer compatible with the suburban paradigm.

Committee: John Eliot Hancock MARCH (Committee Chair); Jeffrey Tilman PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture