Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1953, History

Committee: Virginia B. Platt (Advisor) Subjects: History; Political Science

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1953, History

Committee: Virginia B. Platt (Advisor) Subjects: History; Political Science

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2022, Arts and Sciences: Biological Sciences

Global biodiversity is facing astronomical rates of extinction as a consequence of anthropological-related disturbances such as climate change, habitat fragmentation, and the introduction of invasive species. Thus, developing effective conservation strategies is urgently needed. Ex situ conservation is a method of storing the genetic information of an endangered species outside of the often-unsuitable native habitat. These ex situ populations are typically intended for future reintroduction and population augmentation efforts, so it is critical that the genetic diversity is maximized in these populations. This study used microsatellite (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genetic markers to investigate the ex situ populations of seven critically endangered Hawaiian plant species: Clermontia oblongifolia subsp. brevipes, Cyanea grimesiana subsp. grimesiana, Cyanea truncata, Cyrtandra gracilis, Cyrtandra kaulantha, Gardenia brighamii, and Melicope mucronulata. Many of these species have experienced drastic population decline over the last decade and have only a few extant individuals remaining. Most of the ex situ populations of these species were found to have low levels of variation; however, a few exhibited moderate levels of variation and generally high levels of polymorphic loci. As more species experience extinction threats, these results highlight the need for ex situ storage of all threatened species. Gardenia brighamii was further examined as a case study for other critically endangered plant species. The ex situ population of G. brighamii was compared with the wild population on the island of Lana'i to measure population structure between these two populations. The high levels of variation in the ex situ population relative to the wild population further emphasize the urgency of collecting wild individuals of other species for storage before significant population damage occurs. Furthermore, no population structure was found among the thre (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Theresa Culley Ph.D. (Committee Member); Megan Philpott Ph.D (Committee Member); Valerie Pence Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Biology

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2021, Geography

This report describes the internship experience in Kona, Hawai'i working with Monarch Coffee. This involved the collection of 81 soil samples, and geospatial data on the locations of natural and human made features. This data collection and analysis was for the purpose of building a Map Book. The 122 acres of land were sectioned into 27 individual rectangular segments to make the gathering of data more uniform. Soil samples and other spatial information was taken throughout each section. Due to the size of the property, it was important to divide it into more manageable focus areas that would allow for a high level of detail in the analysis. Ultimately, the resulting maps will help in sustainable and efficient land development while conserving the natural landmarks and ecosystem. This project took place in the summer of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. This limited the data collection team to one person and has caused various delays in the economy and industry in Hawai'i. Additionally, the spread of Coffee Leaf Rust to the state of Hawai'i and the Big Island in 2020 raises new concerns about the coffee industry and the plans for the development of this property.

Committee: Jessica McCarty Dr. (Committee Chair); Mary Henry Dr. (Committee Member); Robbyn Abbitt Mrs. (Committee Member) Subjects: Agriculture; Area Planning and Development; Environmental Management; Geographic Information Science; Geography; Natural Resource Management; Soil Sciences

PHD, Kent State University, 2018, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Geography

This study investigates the relationship between the reorganization of food provisioning systems and large-scale food crises through a comparative historical analysis of three famines: Hawaii in the 1820s, Madagascar in the 1920s, and Cambodia in the 1970s. The study identifies and analyzes the structural transformations–that is, changes to the relationships between producers and consumers–that make food provisioning systems more vulnerable to failure. Up to now, economic and political explanations for food crisis have dominated the literature. These approaches tend to focus on a small set of spatially and temporally proximate conditions and neglect important socio-ecological interactions. Using approaches from comparative historical analysis, political ecology, and Marxist political economy, this study focuses on the role of large-scale and long-term socio-ecological processes in famine genesis. For each case, the study identifies the causal mechanisms and interactions that precipitated famine. These results are compared using contextualized mechanistic analysis to reveal structural similarities and differences between cases. On this basis, the study develops a novel framework for crisis evolution that identifies two distinct temporal phases and five different types of causal mechanisms involved in food system failure. The framework contributes to current work in food studies and offers the potential for structural indicators of future crisis. With current food systems undergoing dramatic transformation in response to population growth and movement, political upheaval, climate change, and market expansion, it is imperative that policy makers identify and eschew the structural changes that are precursors to disaster.

Committee: James Tyner PhD (Committee Chair); Mandy Munro-Stasiuk PhD (Committee Member); Victoria Turner PhD (Committee Member); Joshua Stacher PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography; History

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2017, Biological Sciences

Forest floor-dwelling invertebrates drive decomposition, and thus nutrient cycling, by breaking down leaf litter and making it readily available for the microbial community to further decompose. There is evidence from tropical systems, where invertebrates play a disproportionately large role in decomposition, that micronutrients (e.g. calcium, sodium, zinc etc.) drive invertebrate abundance and activity because of the vital role these elements play in invertebrate morphology and physiology. However, little is known about the extent to which these micronutrients interact with other environmental variables, such as climate or other nutrients, to impact invertebrate-mediated nutrient cycling. This study focuses on how availability of micronutrients influences the invertebrate abundance and their decomposition activity in a tropical forest. The study took place along an elevational gradient in Hawaii where mean annual temperature (MAT) varies by 5.2°C. Across the gradient, nutrient composition in soil and leaves were measured along with invertebrate (detritivores and their predators) abundance. Following that, enrichment treatments of calcium or zinc were applied to 15 plots surrounding the nine elevational sites. Additionally, litterbags were enriched in pairs (coarse and fine mesh) to measure invertebrate-mediated decomposition. After 7 weeks, invertebrates were collected directly from the leaf litter and from the litterbags, and percent leaf mass loss was measured from the litterbags as a proxy for decomposition. Results suggest that the relationship between detritivore and predator abundance and micronutrient treatment is dependent on the amount of natural nutrient available with litter depth as a co-variant. However, the abundance invertebrates of individual families were driven by MAT and litter depth and not micronutrient treatment. Decomposition driven by invertebrates depended on the interactive and main effects of invertebrate abundance within the litterbags a (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Shannon Pelini PhD (Advisor); Creighton M. Litton PhD (Committee Member); Paul A. Moore PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Biogeochemistry; Biology; Ecology; Entomology; Environmental Science; Environmental Studies; Nutrition; Organismal Biology; Soil Sciences; Zoology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, English

In Decolonizing Forms: Linguistic Practice, Experimentation, and U.S. Empire in Contemporary Asian American and Pacific Islander Literature, I examine Asian American and Pacific Islander experimental writings that address the United States' histories of militarization and neo/colonialism in Asia and Oceania. I argue that the authors' deployment and representation of linguistic practices form the crux of their experimentations, enact specific critiques of the U.S. imperium in its many permutations, and attend to ongoing decolonial efforts. The experimentations in the texts combat what I term American solipsism, or the inability of the American public discourse to recognize any nations, occupied spaces, or U.S. actions that cannot be absorbed into American exceptionalist reasoning; the works I analyze demand readers to re/acknowledge or re-conceptualize the United States' relationships with the Philippines, Korea, Guam, and Hawai`i. I argue that these authors are attending to the structures of imperialism that have shaped life and history for Asian/American and Pacific Islander populations and further that the shape of their experimentations reflect the shape of empire and the texts' and characters' decolonial practices. Specifically, I argue that linguistic experimentation is the tool by which the authors deploy a decolonial aesthetics precisely because the authors are highlighting the linguistic practices and policies of imperialism. I contribute to scholarship by addressing experimentation in genres beyond poetry; each chapter focuses on one main text with a different experimental narrative form: novel, novel with narrative poetry, lyrical poetry, and multi-genre composition. In Chapter 2, I argue that the neocolonial martial law state in Jessica Hagedorn's Dogeaters (1990) uses gossip as a tool of terror, reflecting Governor-General William Howard Taft's (1901-1904) documented uses of gossip to govern the Philippines, influencing Philippines leadership through (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Martin Ponce (Advisor) Subjects: American History; American Literature; American Studies; Asian American Studies; Bilingual Education; Comparative Literature; Ethnic Studies; History of Oceania; Literature; Literature of Oceania; Pacific Rim Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1954, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2016, English

Over the course of his published poetic career, W. S. Merwin develops a model of mobial corporeality that offers humanity an opportunity to redress human ignorance, neglect, and even willful cruelty towards nature. With the goal of healthy coexistence, Merwin's career-long development of non-hierarchical conceptions of the nature-human relationship puts bodies in relation to each other through mobial thresholds, rather than binaries. This model makes clear that nature and humanity are materially, rather than metaphorically, incorporated in each other. Like a mobius strip, each side of the relationship appears independent and, yet, closer inspection reveals that the two are one. Chapter 1, “Body Matters in Ecocriticism,” lays out this model and contextualizes it in the field of ecocriticism. Chapter 2, “Merwin's Mobial Corporeality” close reads Merwin's poetic enactment of this model, giving particular focus to Merwin's use of thresholds and liminal spaces as central to mobiality. Chapter 3: “Doing Thinking: Intersections of Ars Poetica and Ethics,” uses the formal changes that occur over Merwin's career to demonstrate a mobial relationship between Merwin's thinking and his poetic praxis, making it clear through his ars poetica poems that an ethics-aesthetics mobius is indispensable to ecopoetry. Chapter 4: “Unfolding Forms in The Folding Cliffs” revisions the traditional epic, in which the reader passively consumes the poet's master narrative, allowing Merwin to use his own dangerous position of colonial power to explore, through a combination of history and legend, active reader engagement as the crux of ethical ecopoetry. Finally, chapter 5: “Nature-Human Relations in the Time of the Anthropocene” situates Merwin's poetic praxis in the geologic reality of the Anthropocene through an exploration human cruelty, the urban, and human perceptions of time, reinforcing corporeal experience as the heart of humanity's potential for healthy coexistence with nature.

Committee: Gary Lee Stonum (Committee Chair); Sarah Gridley (Committee Member); Michael Clune (Committee Member); Marie Lathers (Committee Member) Subjects: American Literature; Animals; Ecology; Geological; Language; Literature

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2015, Arts and Sciences: Biological Sciences

Dynamic environments affect species distributions and as a consequence also influence intraspecific genetic variation in both space and time. Many factors determine why a species persists in a particular location, some related to environmental tolerances or colonization history, while others are attributable to biological competition or dispersal limitations, such as that occurring on oceanic island systems. Islands are hotspots of endemism where the potential impacts of habitat modification on biodiversity could be substantial. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation was to investigate the influence of the abiotic environment on species geographic distribution patterns and on breeding system distribution within an island genus, in addition to examining genetic diversity within a broadly distributed endemic species. Field collected species presence and absence data for Schiedea globosa were used with climate and topographic predictors to evaluate four different species distribution models (SDM): GLM, GAM, Maxent, and Random Forests. The most accurate model was then used to predict the impact of average shoreline change on suitable habitat at two future time periods. Additionally, I investigated the intraspecific genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure for the same species using 11 microsatellite markers from seven populations on the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and O'ahu. Finally, a community-level SDM approach examined the association of abiotic variables with different breeding systems within Schiedea. Abiotic niches for five breeding groups (hermaphroditic-outcrossing, hermaphroditic-selfing, gynodioecy, subdioecy, and dioecy) composed of 33 Schiedea taxa are described from models developed with georeferenced species occurrence records and environmental data. At a species level, the most accurate SDM describing S. globosa habitat was the Random Forests model that included six predictors with topographic predictors as the top three predictors (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Theresa Culley Ph.D. (Committee Chair); E. Emiel van Loon Ph.D. (Committee Member); Ann K. Sakai Ph.D. (Committee Member); Hongxing Liu Ph.D. (Committee Member); Eric Maurer Ph.D. (Committee Member); Steven Rogstad Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Ecology

Master of Arts, Oberlin College, 1940, Education

In the transplanting of any race or people, a period of acclimatization by the process of natural or formal education must inevitably ensue if that group wishes to survive both mentally and spiritually; and in many cases physically.In any community a human, in order to make himself agreeable and useful, must learn to cooperate with his or hers neighbors. This is usually accomplished by first learning the language of one's country of adoption, then to learn the philosophy of the inhabitants already established there, and finally to apply one's self diligently by industry and perseverance to occupation.The Chinese in Hawaii have shown their ability in adapting themselves to American ways and learning, and have succeeded in making themselves amongst the most powerful and progressive forces in the educational and economic life of the Islands.Since economic development is a factor which influences the educational opportunities of the state, this thesis will attempt to treat the progress of the Chinese in industry, commerce and the professions in their relation to the cultural and educational progress which is co-relative to the former.

Committee: (Advisor) Subjects: Asian Studies; Education; Education History

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2015, Leadership and Change

When Native Hawaiians move away from the islands, they risk losing their cultural identity and heritage. This dissertation utilizes a Hawaiian theoretical framework based in Indigenous research practices and uses phenomenology, ethnography, heuristics, and portraiture to tell the stories of leadership, change, and resilience of five Native Hawaiians who as adults, chose to permanently relocate to the United States mainland. It explores the reasons why Kanaka Maoli (politically correct term for Native Hawaiians) leave the 'aina (land; that which feeds) in the first place and eventually become permanent mainland residents. Some Hawaiians lose their culture after relocating to the United States mainland, giving in to societal pressures demanding conformance, assimilation, and acculturation. Some who have lost their cultural identity are able to later regain it, yet others, resilient, found a way to retain their cultural identity despite the traumatic transition. This study focuses on those who have retained or regained their Native Hawaiian identity after relocating to the United States mainland, and questions, “What caused them to relocate?” and “How do they maintain cultural practices far away from the 'aina?” I begin by situating myself as the researcher, review the literature, offer an historical chronology of events that occurred in Hawai`i, and explain the research methodology. Four Native Hawaiians who have relocated to the mainland United States as adults and have continued Native Hawaiian cultural practices were interviewed. I painted their individual portraits as well as my own—using the art and science of portraiture—which includes aesthetic writing that focuses on the “good” that is found in within context. I constructed the portraits with data from the interviews, observations, pictures, music, poetic sayings, video clips, sound bites, and my own reflections. The phenomenon of “walking in two worlds” is explored. This study provides examples of leadership (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Carolyn Kenny PhD (Committee Chair); Lize Booysen DBL (Committee Member); Peter Hanohano, Jr. PhD (Committee Member); Maenette Ah Nee-Benham PhD (Other) Subjects: Native American Studies; Native Americans; Native Studies

BA, Oberlin College, 2014, Comparative American Studies

Through studying the discourse deployed by Hawai‘i's predominantly white LGBT political community, this paper explores the limits of single-issue gay marriage politics with respect to the Native Hawaiian community. This paper connects white LGBT political organizations to Hawai‘i's tourism industrial complex through the community's discursive deployment of "aloha" and destination weddings in arguing for same-sex marriage legalization. In exploring the mahu identity, this paper theorizes potential decolonized queer futurities.

Committee: Harry Hirsch (Advisor); Meredith Raimondo (Committee Member); Greggor Mattson (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; American Studies; Asian American Studies; Ethnic Studies; Gender Studies; Glbt Studies; History of Oceania; Native American Studies; Native Studies; Political Science

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2006, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of)

The world populations are becoming more aware of their impact on the earth. With increasing tourism, ecotourism has become a mainstream option. Yet ecotourism remains ambiguous and highly debated. Tourists are seeking to experience cultures that are “untouched” by the everyday world. This large thirst for “untouched” environments along with the uncertainty and confusion that surrounds ecotourism is causing deception in the tourism industry. With the industry of ecotourism continually growing, there needs to be a true understanding of ecotourism. What is it? What kind of interactive environment truly represents its ideals? If the built environment fails to meet the high standards of ecotourism, then the movement of ecotourism is poised for failure. This paper will confront this relationship, and establish the criteria upon which ecotourism architecture should follow for ecotourism's success.

Committee: Tilman Jeffrey (Advisor) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2008, English

This dissertation argues for a re-periodization of 1898 as the moment of U.S. empire by utilizing a transhemispheric methodology that discursively connects the Pacific and the Americas. Arguing that the federal campaign of Indian Removal should be considered the actual marker of intra-continental U.S. imperialism, this dissertation takes 1830 as its starting point. Within that historical context, the study examines literary texts by U.S. writers who in the 1830s anticipated the extra-continental colonial visions that would become cultural commonplaces after 1898, when the United States became an extra-continental imperial nation by acquiring possessions in the Pacific and the Spanish Caribbean. The dissertation also examines writers from those regions who proposed their own transcolonial revisions to dominant colonial discourses in the late nineteenth century.Specifically, this dissertation examines the colonial visions articulated by two sets of New England writers who traveled to Puerto Rico and Cuba. Edward Bliss Emerson and Charles Chauncy Emerson (brothers of Ralph Waldo Emerson) visited Puerto Rico between 1831 and 1834 while Sophia Amelia Peabody (who would later marry Nathaniel Hawthorne), and her sister, Mary Tyler Peabody, lived in Cuba from 1833 to 1835. Their letters and journals reveal that a decade before Manifest Destiny was articulated publicly, the notion that the United States was destined to become an extra-continental empire was expressed more privately in literary and cultural terms. This dissertation further shows how writers in Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Philippines and Hawai'i deployed transcolonial strategies to challenge colonialism in their regions. This study examines texts by the Puerto Rican Ramon Emeterio Betances, the Cuban Jose Marti, and the Filipino Jose Rizal to argue that these writers were transcolonial anti-colonialists. This dissertation also juxtaposes the colonial translations of Hawai'i, written and disseminated by Mark Twain, (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Chadwick Allen PhD (Advisor); Susan Williams PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Frederick Aldama PhD (Committee Member); Edna Menke (Committee Member) Subjects: English literature

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2010, Theatre

In this thesis I examine how the audience may perceive time and their relationship to it in the performance of history. In history plays there is the potential for the audience to perceive the past and the present simultaneously. Within that perception audience members are then potentially motivated toward action within the performance. I analyze artistic techniques such as dual roles, narrators, setting and staging practices that Native Hawaiian playwright Victoria Nalani Kneubuhl uses in January 1893 (1993) and Ola Na Iwi (1994). I approach my discussion of these artistic techniques with Marvin Carlson‘s concept of ghosting, Helen Gilbert and Joanne Tompkins‘ post-colonial theories about storytellers and space, and Freddie Rokem‘s work on creative energy and the performance of history.

Committee: Andrew Gibb PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Elizabeth Reitz-Mullenix PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Ann Elizabeth Armstrong PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Fine Arts; History; Literature; Minority and Ethnic Groups; Native Americans; Native Studies; Theater

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2005, Biological Sciences

The objective of this study was to determine the phylogeny of the Hawaiian Geraniums using ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, the noncoding chloroplast trnL-F region, and inter-simple sequence repeats in order to understand the pattern of speciation within the group. Results indicated that a clade comprised of G. arboreum and G. c. hypoleucum occupied the basal position. The three bog species appear to have undergone convergent evolution of morphological traits that enable them to adapt to flooded conditions. The frequently occurring “conveyer belt” mode of colonization and radiation from oldest island to newest island is not supported. G. kauaiense, the only species occurring on Kaua'i, was clearly nested and not basal. The data suggests that Maui, Hawai'i, or an older now submerged island is the origin of the radiation.

Committee: Helen Michaels (Advisor) Subjects: