Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2015, American Culture Studies

This paper explores the untold history of the Black community of Portsmouth and Scioto County, Ohio. It provides a brief overview of the national and state level political and cultural context in which this story is told. This project is limited in both scope and in resources, and as such, while some information about Scioto County's early history in relation to Black citizens is included for context, this research is focused mainly on the struggle for integration of the Portsmouth City School system in 1885, and the larger political and cultural context in which these events took place. This story not only highlights the struggles that members of the Black community in the area have faced, but also demonstrates the abundance of Black history in Scioto County, and the causes of the erasure of this history. The folklore of the county itself, like the Floodwall Mural project's artistic summary, omits the rich Black history of the county. This paper argues the historical importance of the Black community to this particular place, a cultural and racial crossroads in the nineteenth century, and being a larger conversation about the role of Black citizens in Scioto County history. Additionally, this paper purposes to situate Portsmouth in the broader social and political culture of the nineteenth century.

Committee: Nicole Jackson PhD. (Advisor); Rebecca Mancuso PhD. (Committee Member) Subjects: African American Studies; American History; Ethnic Studies; History

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1968, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2022, Earth Sciences

Despite efforts to mitigate and reduce contamination of surface water resources, water quality remains impaired in many places worldwide, primarily due to nonpoint source pollutants including agriculture and urbanization. These both introduce excess sediment and nutrients, various types of chemicals, and more to surface waters. The Scioto River in the Upper Scioto River Basin in central Ohio was studied to assess the influence of large-scale agriculture and urbanization/suburbanization on river geochemistry. The Scioto River has its headwaters in land dominated by row-crop agriculture, then flows through the expanding metropolitan Columbus area, then again through suburbs and agricultural land south of downtown Columbus. Additionally, the river is dammed in two places, providing another means of assessing how modification of natural river systems impacts river geochemistry. The Scioto River was sampled in five locations with varying degrees of surrounding agricultural and urban land use. Samples were collected weekly at three locations from February 2021 to August 2021, then monthly through December 2021. The other two locations were sampled monthly for the entire study period. Samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, select trace elements, and stable water isotopes. Results revealed that concentrations of many analytes were generally highest at the most upstream location, decreased until downtown Columbus, and increased at the location furthest downstream. Because much of the study area is underlain by carbonate bedrock, correlations with Ca and/or Mg were thought to indicate a primarily geogenic source of the solute. Elements with moderate to strong positive correlations with Ca and/or Mg included Na, HCO3, Cl, SO4 F, Br, Li, U, Ni, Rb, Mo, Ba, and Sr. Additionally, many of these elements had moderate to strong negative correlations with NO3+NO2, which is primarily from agricultural inputs. Further, log C – log Q relationships of these data revealed c (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: W. Berry Lyons (Advisor); Thomas Darrah (Committee Member); Nicholas Basta (Committee Member); Susan Welch (Committee Member) Subjects: Earth; Environmental Geology; Environmental Science; Geology; Hydrologic Sciences; Hydrology

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2017, Civil Engineering

Peak flow calculation methods utilized in floodplain management have evolved to be reliant on historical data. This study examines the validity of predicted probability of flood events dependence on stationarity by tracking trends in stream gage data and analyzing the impact of data subsets on floodplains. Trends in the 100-year event in the Scioto River, Mad River and Little Darby Creek watersheds were tracked by analyzing subsets of available stream gage data with the methodology presented by the Water Resources Council in Bulletin 17B. The 100-year event at each site was also calculated using regression equations. The results were compared to historical trends in annual precipitation data and land use changes in Ohio. Hydrologic Engineering Center's Water Surface Profile (HEC-2) data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency was used to recreate models from Flood Insurance Studies in Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS ) for selected flood zones for along each channel. Results were exported to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with HEC-GeoRAS to visualize the differences in resulting floodplains. Floodplain widths, inundated areas and impacted properties were compared for each flow. In most locations, the calculated 100-year event was found to decrease as more recent data was used in or more historic data was removed from the flow analysis. This is exemplified by the 100-year event calculated with only data between 1980 and 2010 being calculated to be over 50% less than the 100-year event calculated with over 100 years of historic data at the main test site along the Scioto and Mad River. Some exceptions to this were found at some gages along the Mad River. The differences directly translated into discrepancies in floodplain widths, areas and impacted properties.

Committee: Gajan Sivandran (Advisor); Kubatko Ethan (Advisor); Durand Michael (Committee Member) Subjects: Civil Engineering; Climate Change; Environmental Engineering; Water Resource Management

MA, Kent State University, 2016, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Anthropology

This research elucidates the complex nature of pottery tempers used in the Scioto River Valley of south central Ohio. The data suggest that during the Late Prehistoric Period indigenous potters began using composite temper types with concretionary hematite as a secondary temper — most often found alongside shell as the primary temper. This project involved two phases 1) petrographic research and 2) mechanical properties testing. The initial research phase involved a detailed analysis of the clay matrix using polarized light microscopy. Precise temper densities were determined using point counting procedures. The second phase involved the production of test samples based on the petrographic data, followed by compressive bend testing of the experimental samples. The test samples were evaluated for mechanical strength, fracture toughness, and rate of thermal expansion. It was shown that hematite tempered samples exhibited significantly higher strength values—however, these samples fractured in a catastrophic manner signaling low post-peak toughness. The shell tempered samples exhibited the weakest strength values—however, they exhibited the most elasticity and most resistance to post-peak fracture. Based on the data, it is suggested that these two distinct temper types were being used in complement.

Committee: Linda Spurlock Ph.D. (Advisor); Richard Meindl Ph.D. (Committee Member); Metin Eren Ph.D. (Committee Member); Timothy Matney Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient Civilizations; Archaeology; Materials Science

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2015, English

Throughout Appalachian Ohio, residents in small post-industrial cities grapple with redefining themselves as a place and a people in order to compete in the global economy. Young people caught in the middle of this economic transition—those born after the major factory closings in the early 1980s—struggle to negotiate their relationships with their hometowns, which typically offer limited career options beyond the service sector. Listening to the stories of college students and residents from postindustrial Appalachian Ohio helps us understand the ways in which place, economics, and identity intersect in their lives. In a region where cooperation regularly makes up for a lack of resources, leaving to attend college becomes a fraught decision. Moral geographies of the region—the ways in which people position themselves in relation to people and place—are thus filled with reflections from elsewhere, constructions of self and community that are responsive to the expectations of peers, outsiders, and discourses of success and failure that influence everyday choices. Reflections from elsewhere work in two ways in this dissertation: they are both the lived negotiations of self in response to the expectations of others as well as the ways that students and residents reflect upon, evaluate, and tell stories about the ruptures that have shaped their experiences. Students' negotiations of place reveal the tensions they experience in coming from a place that is impossible to return to without the stigma of failure and to which continued belonging is possible only by habitually traversing the long-worn road home. Road stories, then, become all the more important as units of analysis, and force us to consider notions of place that cannot be defined in terms of a single locale. Contextualizing the students' evaluative discourse, I examine critical positionings staked out by the university and home communities that shed light on the ways in which economic instability strains st (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Amy Shuman (Advisor); Dorothy Noyes (Committee Member); Katherine Borland (Committee Member) Subjects: Education; Folklore; Higher Education

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2015, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

The Lower Scioto Cataloguing Unit (LSCU) (OH) is experiencing an increase in irrigated land area. Information on potential impacts of irrigation groundwater withdrawals expansion is needed to assist in the management of a sustainable irrigated land area expansion. It is essential that the evaluation accounts for potential changes in crop irrigation water requirements due to anticipated climate change to insure that the results of the study reflect the aspects of crop irrigation in the short and long term. The study used the Scippo Creek-Scioto River Watershed (SCSRW) (OH) as a case study, and focused on the two most important crops grown in the area of study, which were corn and soybeans. In a preliminary study, a hybrid model that coupled the multimodel ensemble method (Kharin and Zwiers, 2002, Christensen and Lettenmaier, 2007) to a Monte-Carlo simulation was developed to predict future seasonal gross irrigation water requirements. The hybrid model was tested for the years 1969 to 1999 and used to predict seasonal irrigation water requirements for corn for the year 2015 to 2099. A groundwater flow model was developed for the study area using MODFLOW and used to investigate the potential groundwater level decline and streamflow depletion. Mean drawdowns in the order of 0.05 m to 6.26 m occurred between 2015 and 2099 in response to the simulation of various withdrawal scenarios. A depletion model developed using the simulation results indicated that mean drawdowns in the aquifer system could reach 6 m within 73 years in the worst case scenario.

Committee: larry brown (Advisor); alfred soboyejo (Committee Member); franklin schwartz (Committee Member); norman fausey (Committee Member); andrew ward (Committee Member) Subjects: Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture; Agronomy; Engineering; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Science; Geology; Hydrologic Sciences; Hydrology; Natural Resource Management; Statistics

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2012, Environment and Natural Resources

I investigated aquatic-to-terrestrial contaminant fluxes at 11 study reaches in the Olentangy and Scioto Rivers (OH, USA), representing urban, agricultural, and mixed land uses. At nine study reaches, I collected benthic sediment, aquatic emergent insects, ants (Formica subsericea), spiders of the family Tetragnathidae, riparian vegetation, and periphyton. At eight of these reaches, as well as additional four reaches where I erected nest-boxes, I sampled riparian swallows including: bank (Riparia riparia), northern rough-winged (Stelgidopteryx serripennis), tree (Tachycineta bicolor), and cliff (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) swallows. All biological samples were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N and tested for toxic elements including arsenic (As), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). Mixing models indicated that Tetragnathidae were highly reliant on aquatic insects (mean = 76.9%, SD = 8.9%), whereas ant dependence was less but with greater variability (mean = 27.8%, SD = 25.1%). Characteristics of shoreline habitat explained much of the variation in the contribution of aquatic prey to F. subsericea and Tetragnathidae. Spider density was positively related to land-cover characteristics associated with urbanization and nearshore habitat. Shoreline habitat also was strongly related to the overall flux of Se (R2 = 0.58) and As (R2 = 0.51) to the tetragnathid spider assemblage, and Pb flux to spiders was higher in urban and agricultural reaches than in mixed reaches (F = 6.10, P = 0.025). F. subsericea density exhibited a positive relationship with urbanization (R2 = 0.83). As and Se flux to F. subsericea assemblages was positively related to urbanization (R2 = 0.70) as well as shoreline habitat, and Pb flux was higher in urban reaches than other land use types (F = 8.68, P = 0.017). For swallows, Hg concentrations were significantly higher at rural reaches than at urban reaches (t = -2.96, P = 0.003, df = 24), and Hg concentrations in swallows were positively related to (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Mazeika Sullivan PhD (Advisor); Stanley Gehrt PhD (Committee Member); Amanda Rodewald PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Ecology; Environmental Science

Master of Landscape Architecture, The Ohio State University, 2012, Landscape Architecture

The use of native plants has been encouraged by a number of important environmental organizations. Both the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design – Neighborhood Design program (LEED ND) and Sustainable Sites Initiative (SITES) award points for the use of native species in planting design. Increasingly, constructed landscapes are being designed to mimic native ecosystems from a pre-human intervention time period (Ellis, Kweon, Alward, & Burke, Kresge Foundation Headquarters, 2011; Myers & Hayes, 2003). This study proposes the use of the term constructed native landscape to describe these landscapes. While there is a growing body of research on the ecological and economic impacts of these landscapes, there is a need to better understand how people perceive constructed native landscapes in order to improve their design, and insure their cultural sustainability. To better understand how people perceive constructed native landscapes, a case study of the Scioto Audubon Metro Park has been undertaken. Scioto Audubon Metro Park is a 90 acre park that combines ecologically managed existing landscapes (woodland and riparian edge), and constructed native landscapes (wetlands and prairies) with traditional park programs and spaces (dog park, ball fields, playground equipment), and educational programming. A case study involving multiple methodological tools, including survey, review of public information and site observation, has provided a number of insights into how user perceive constructed native landscapes at Scioto Audubon Metro Park. Our findings suggest that there is a relationship between the use of certain park amenities and a higher appreciation of wetlands and prairies at Scioto Audubon Metro Park. We also found statistically significant associations between knowledge of native plants/landscapes and positive perceptions of them. We found that park users had a slightly higher aesthetic and ecological appreciation of wetlands when compared to prairies. Signif (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jesus J. Lara Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Deborah Georg (Committee Member) Subjects: Landscape Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2011, Geological Sciences

Surface water quality data are available from many public and private agencies across the United States. But, how can they be effectively utilized to help resolve the complex biogeochemical relationships of surface waters? The present study examined available stream and reservoir water quality, stream discharge, and meteorological time-series datasets for the Upper and Lower Scioto watersheds in central Ohio. The focus was on the fate and transport of nutrients, specifically nitrate and total phosphorus, in the streams and surface water reservoirs of these predominantly agricultural watersheds. The study area is composed of seven sub-watersheds, five of which contain major surface water reservoirs. Mean nitrate values for the more “riverine” J. Griggs and O'Shaughnessy reservoirs were more than double those for the more “lacustrine” Hoover and Alum Creek Lake reservoirs, and were at least partially due to the different reservoir morphometries and resultant residence times. Nitrate concentrations have gradually decreased over the periods of record in all four reservoirs. Phytoplankton populations in Hoover and Alum Creek Lake reservoirs are ecologically driven, while populations in O'Shaughnessy and J. Griggs reservoirs are weather and stream flow dependent. The Big Darby Creek contains no major reservoirs or stream impoundments. From 1973 to 2008, annual-mean discharge ranged from 6.8 m3s-1 to 26.8 m3s-1 with an average of 16.1 m3s-1. Fall months were periods of lowest discharge, with spring to mid-summer months typically having highest discharge values. Nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations exhibited a wide range with means closely similar to the values in O'Shaughnessy and J. Griggs reservoirs. Nitrate concentrations have slowly increased in the Big Darby Creek study area from 1973 to 2010. Quadratic model regression analysis showed nitrate concentration had a strong positive relationship with corresponding daily-mean discharge, but total phosphorus concen (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Franklin Schwartz PhD (Committee Chair); Carolyn Merry PhD (Committee Member); Motomu Ibaraki PhD (Committee Member); Costa Ozeas PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geochemistry; Geology; Hydrologic Sciences; Hydrology; Water Resource Management

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1952, Geological Sciences

Committee: Richard Goldthwait (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2005, Chemistry

Simultaneous, time-correlated internal standardization and drift correction can provide concentration uncertainties on the order of 0.1% (typically 5 - 10%) in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All measurement error resulting from the instrument can essentially be removed limiting the concentration uncertainties to the precision on a balance. Matrix effects in ICP-OES as large as 25% could be overcome with the assistance of the common analyte internal standard (CAIS) method. Concentration uncertainties were observed on the order of 0.1 - 0.2% for the analytes in a variety of synthetic matrices as well as alloy (e.g. stainless steel, Zn-Al) standards. The high precision, high accuracy technique was also used in conjunction with standard additions to provide 0.1 - 0.2% for analysis of samples that could not be compared with certified reference materials or the sample matrix was too complex for CAIS to correct appropriately. The Nb-Al alloys and geological standards were observed to be similar (within 1 - 5%) to recommended values and reproducible among the different sample aliquots. The first reported characterizations of the novel parallel path nebulizer were higher in transport efficiencies (3.2%) than the concentric (2.6%) and conespray nebulizers (1.4%), especially compared to the cyclone spray chamber. However, mean sensitivities for the parallel path nebulizers were generally similar to the concentric nebulizers. This could be due to cooling of the plasma from more efficient transport of analyte and solvent to the ICP by the parallel path nebulizer. The parallel path nebulizer has proven to be a worthy candidate for providing sensitivities similar to concentrics with the immunity of clogging observed by Burgener of conespray nebulizers. Dissolved trace element concentrations were measured at 14 locations along the Scioto River system to assess the impact of urbanization. The impact of metropolitan Columbus on the Scioto River Sy (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Susan Olesik (Advisor) Subjects: Chemistry, Analytical

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2008, Environmental Studies (Arts and Sciences)

A disjunct population of G. ouachitensis co-exists and interacts with G. geographica a more abundant and geographically widespread riverine species. Visual surveys in the spring of 2008 from Commercial Point to Portsmouth, OH (200km), show patchy distribution of G. ouachitensis whereas G. geographica appears more widespread. G. ouachitensis prefers wider river areas and habitats closer to shallow bars than G. geographica. However, G. geographica prefers habitats closer to tributaries than G. ouachitensis. I monitored both species during 2007 using radiotelemetry in a four-mile river reach by evaluating their habitats and species distribution using quantitative methods in GIS. Results show that G. ouachitensis prefers finer substrate and deeper water than G.geographica and random points. The habitat range examined by the adaptive local convex-hull (LoCoH) method reveals that the two species marginally overlap. Population estimates appear stable but may need monitoring should this environment change in subsequent years.

Committee: Willem M. Roosenburg (Advisor); Matthew White (Committee Member); Michele Morrone (Committee Member) Subjects: Ecology

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 1996, Civil Engineering (Engineering)

Drought management using a geographical information system

Committee: T. Chang (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Civil