Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Wright State University, 2019, Environmental Sciences PhD

Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) in groundwater can be treated by monometallic and bimetallic metal reductants through abiotic degradation. The breakdown of CHCs is achieved by gaining electrons from those reductants and removing chlorines from CHC molecules to transform the CHCs into less chlorinated compounds. This study explored the abiotic degradation of selected CHCs by zero valent magnesium Mg0 and bimetallic Cu/Mg reductant. Results showed that zero valent Mg0 was not effective in the treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CT), chloroform (CF) and dichloromethane (DCM). In contrast, the presence of Cu in Cu/Mg bimetallic reductant significantly accelerated the degradation kinetics. Degradation kinetics were observed to decrease with time, perhaps due to particle aging. The effect of Cu loading on degradation of the above compounds was also evaluated. Increasing Cu loading yielded faster degradation rates. No significant effect of Cu loading on the extent of CHC degradation was observed. CF degradation with Cu/Mg was promoted by acidic conditions. Methane (CH4), a desirable end product, was only formed as the major byproduct in CT and CF degradation by Cu/Mg bimetallic reductant. The higher yield of CH4 from CT or CF indicated that the complete reduction pathway was more significant compared with the hydrogenolysis pathway in degradation by Cu/Mg bi-metallic reductant. Instead of relying solely on surface water or groundwater sources, potable reuse of treated wastewater is becoming an increasingly common option for bolstering water resource portfolios in water-scarce regions. However, the concern over emerging trace contaminants that persist through wastewater treatment needs to be addressed to evaluate the potential risks of wastewater reuse. Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications, and are emerging contaminants posing a threat to safe drinking water. The information about their presence in re (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Abinash Agrawal Ph.D. (Advisor); David F. Dominic Ph.D. (Committee Member); David Kempisty Ph.D. (Committee Member); Marc A. Mills Ph.D. (Committee Member); Mark N. Goltz Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Environmental Science

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2018, Computer Science and Engineering

Extracting useful information from large datasets has become increasingly important. While our computational capabilities have improved greatly in the last few decades, data explosion has resulted in the growth rate of data vastly out-pacing that of computational power. In such scenarios, obtaining results within interactive~(few seconds at the most) response times is extremely difficult. Exploring data interactively has numerous advantages such as shortening the feedback loop, providing the ability to perform numerous experiments, and giving a smoother user experience. As a result, providing results using a sample of the data to improve query response time has become hugely important. In this work, I will present our efforts in the direction of interactive exploration of large-scale datasets within interactive response times with projects such as \emph{DICE}, \emph{Sesame}, \emph{FluxQuery}, and a unified join sampling approach. We use approaches such as speculative execution, data sampling, faceted exploration, and scan sharing towards this end. In an OLAP scenario, we note that queries occur not in isolation but as part of a larger query session, where queries might be similar to the previously executed queries. \emph{DICE} uses this session-oriented behavior of a user to speculatively execute and cache the likely follow-up queries, so that the user query can be answered quickly from the cache. \emph{DICE} scales up to a billion tuples within sub-second response time using 50 nodes. Further, \emph{DICE} has a novel, intuitive, synergistic interface designed to aid the speculation and faceted exploration used by the backend. In the context of sampled aggregations, the results provided to the user have lesser significance if not provided with the corresponding error bars as well, which depend on the variance of the measure. Variance can be expensive to compute. In \emph{Sesame}, we investigate different techniques for reusing variance computations in o (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Arnab Nandi PhD (Advisor); Srinivasan Parthasarathy PhD (Committee Member); Spyros Blanas PhD (Committee Member); Costa Ozeas PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Computer Engineering; Computer Science

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Cities with manufacturing roots still contain physical evidence of their once booming industries. Entire neighborhoods were built up around industrial facilities that now stand vacant and underused, often located near highways and railroads that make them very accessible, but undesirable. Midwest cities in particular have been forced to reevaluate the existing building stock and in many cases repurpose their structures and urban spaces for an ever-changing population with renewed interest in moving back to the city center. The size, structure, and location of industrial buildings present an opportunity to introduce housing to industrial neighborhoods at a larger scale. This thesis studies the previous home of the American Products Company, a 7-story building built in 1925 in the Camp Washington neighborhood of Cincinnati. The goal of the research was to develop a prototype for the reuse of industrial buildings throughout the Midwest. The design proposes the use of flexible elements in the residential portion of the building in the spirit of Alejando Aravena's incremental housing. Prefabricated spatial dividers can be moved and expanded to allow increased flexibility and customizability for all residents. The proposal also argues for the inclusion of a commercial element at the ground floor to engage with the surrounding community and bring residents closer to necessary resources. By focusing the design language around incremental and movable elements, the spaces retain as much flexibility as possible and allow each user to customize their space. This strategy returns control to the user, inherently resulting in greater feelings of ownership and satisfaction with one's home. This method for approaching mixed-use, mixed income development is designed to be applicable in previously industrial neighborhoods across the Midwest.

Committee: Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jeffrey Tilman Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2015, Public Health

One important ecosystem service of soil is water purification. Soil-based septic systems serve 25 % of population in US. Climatic factors and soil condition play a significant role in functioning such systems. Shallow depths and seasonal saturation characterized by US Midwest soils raise the concern in using shallow soils for treating wastewater. Ohio Department of Health sets the requirement of the soil depth as little as 15 cm (6 inches) to treat wastewater containing at least 103 coliform CFU/100mL when perched seasonal water table is present. This dissertation explored several concerns associated with this regulation: 1) is 15 cm of unsaturated soil sufficient to protect ground water? 2) is wastewater reuse through spray irrigation safe when shallow water tables are present? 3) do subsurface drainage system enhance or limit the removal or transport of pathogens to ground and surface water? 4) is disinfection of reused wastewater effective in protecting the public health? Soil microcosms were established to investigate the effects of soil depth to remove microbial pollutants under winter soil conditions. This study demonstrated that very shallow soils (15 cm) did not achieve three orders of magnitude of E. coli. The 22.5 and 30 cm of soil depths did not increase removal efficiency of E. coli. This result showed that using very shallow soils (15cm) may not provide adequate attenuation to protect ground water. The additional disinfection methods need to be applied when use 15 cm of soil. Natural movement of microbial pollutants through subsurface drainage system and groundwater was monitored at the Deer Creek State Park irrigation field. The soil depth at 60 ~ 90 cm had no capacity to remove microbial pollutants potentially due to higher application rate, preferential flow and seasonally high water table. The potential for ground water contamination exists and subsurface drainage water can become a nonpoint source of microbial pollution to receiving water bodi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jiyoung Lee (Committee Chair); Karen Mancl (Committee Co-Chair); Michael Bisesi (Committee Member); Michael Pennell (Committee Member); Olli Tuovinen (Committee Member) Subjects: Environmental Health; Public Health; Water Resource Management

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2010, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of)

There are an increasing number of abandoned industrial sites sitting vacant across the country. These industrial sites occupy valuable real estate, are often heavily contaminated with chemicals that leach into water tables, and can be derelict and unsafe due lack of maintenance. In addition to this, they create voids in the urban fabric that impede development and regeneration around them. Industrial buildings serve an important role in urban life as the former engines of production and economic centers of communities, but when their doors are shut, they are left to decay. They are not preserved because they lack the historical and symbolic significance that society requires to retain them. They must be reused instead, and in a manner that provides value to the urban fabric and communities around them. This thesis investigates formal, spatial and programmatic strategies for re-use and development, derived from a survey of extant and planned reuse projects, that allow abandoned industrial buildings to once again be assets in our built environment.

Committee: Patricia Kucker MARCH (Committee Chair); Nnamdi Elleh PhD (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2009, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture

How can Midwest urban grids, pock-marked with vacancy and dereliction, prepare for the integration of returning populaces, and provide services while minimizing the destruction of existing architectures? With the increasing reversal of white-flight, instigated by rising energy costs, and a renewed interest in urban living, our cities prepare for the return of the middle class. Midwest urban grids, pock-marked with desolate blocks and vacant buildings, have struggled for decades to maintain social interest. They now face the daunting task of providing urban-style entertainment, amenities, and support to a returning populace; all the while mediating the suburban context and needs this population bring with them. Trends in Midwest redevelopment, namely urban infill, today often prescribe a “clean slate” or “tabula rasa” approach when faced with existing buildings or context. The removal of buildings comes with the support of city planners and officials looking to make their mark on the cities. They strive to leave behind a legacy of development, and expanded tax bases; sometimes with less than honorable intentions. The resultant urban fabrics are often young, incoherent and untested; lacking both consistency and the variety of ingredients necessary to sustain an enduring urban environment. This thesis investigates urban return, and the methods by which our cities can prepare for shifts in economics, urban structure, culture and the built environment. It considers how we can poise ourselves in socio-economic and environmentally sound ways to make these changes positive and responsible. It seeks out answers through study of the groups involved, as well as development trends and comparable relevant attempts at re-urbanization; with a focus upon critical retail/commercial-centric development. The goal is to understand how existing architectures can facilitate the reintegration and reuse of our cities under these pressures. The following is a discussion.

Committee: Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Chair); John Hancock (Committee Co-Chair) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2006, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of)

Rendered obsolete through bankruptcy or expansion, the growing presence of empty big box stores across the country blights communities nationwide. However, while big box reuse is becoming more common, current trends in this area fail to constitute a model that can address the scale and complexity of the problem. This thesis investigates the practical and conceptual limitations of the current big box reuse model through an analysis of recent retail and non-retail reuse projects. Often, these projects are chiefly concerned with altering the image of the big box to shed the stigma of the former retailer. However, this practice can only produce simulations of reality, not true representations. The limitations of the current model inform methodological points that become the basis for a new reuse model, one that is capable of engaging a greater number of vacant lots and producing more programmatically diverse, environmentally conscious, and socially relevant projects.

Committee: Michael McInturf (Advisor) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2013, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Throughout the 1900's, architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright have set out to change the existing housing paradigm to meet the needs of society. The traditional Victorian style home was designed primarily for the wealthy with servants, during a time when energy and resources were more plentiful. The Victorian design ethos became the paradigm for the American single family home, even though as a society we have evolved from this state and it no longer meets our needs nor desires. The 2012 census notes 65% of housing units are owner occupied single family homes (SFH). However many issues may be present with these homes when an owner considers purchasing one. For example, most homes built prior to the 1970's oil crisis are energy inefficient. Further, older homes are designed around the Victorian/outdated family structure. This thesis takes an adaptive reuse/design build approach to renovation of traditional homes in the Midwest United States. There are many older homes on the market currently not being utilized to meet today's living situations. These homes have the potential to be adapted for different family types, with room and amenity updates to meet modern lifestyles and energy consumption. Through the use of a series of architectural interventions, one can improve the existing structure to provide a home which better meets the needs and desires of society and of the homes occupants. The accomplishment of this must start with proper design thinking to make a meaningful impact on social, financial and environmental levels. Often renovations can be performed for prices below new construction rates. Architects should strive to uphold all of these core values as a larger part of a thoughtful building project. Recognizing the potential in existing homes, Cincinnati Habitat for Humanity has moved into home renovation alongside building new homes. The organization can house five families in renovations versus three families on new builds for the same money. Howe (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Michael McInturf M.Arch (Committee Chair); Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2006, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2024, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Industrial facilities were constructed for specific production processes which guided the design and use of the buildings. The architecture of these industrial works reflects these processes through its scale. In recent years, these buildings have fallen into disrepair and disuse. Often, the buildings are icons of their neighborhood due to their longstanding role in the community's culture and economics. Landmarks like this should be preserved for the community's future. This architectural thesis looks at how the process of adaptive reuse and preservation can re-scale industrial architecture for new use. In so doing, the design will study what the architectural response should be to the existing building to both respect the existing structure and redesign it for human interaction. This thesis uses a case study of the Lunkenheimer Foundry in South Fairmount, a neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio to understand both the existing industrial component and to propose a design for the future which inhabits the existing structure. The study is split into five parts. The first part overviews preservation, reuse, and what the theoretical response to both has been in the past. The second part gives information on both the industrial scale and the human scale and why each scale is designed. The third part introduces what the architectural response to reuse has been and strategies to use in design moving forward. The fourth part analyzes the site and existing building for design opportunity. Finally, the fifth part discusses how the design proposal connects to the existing structure. The resulting design proposal opens up the building for pedestrian inhabitation as strategic interventions float within the heavy existing structure to create architectural juxtaposition between the old and the new. The design shows that the proper architectural response to reusing industrial buildings is that which respects the original, allowing it to age in its own right, but adds new work do (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Vincent Sansalone M.Arch. (Committee Member); Edward Mitchell M.Arch (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

PHD, Kent State University, 2024, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of English

My dissertation focuses on presentations prepared and delivered in the distributed work structure of a trade association The presentations are educational seminars presented at three industry trade shows across two years. Using theories of distributed work and project management, I examine the writing, editing, and reuse processes of knowledge workers in the trade association. I also examine how the work done to compose, present, and experience these educational seminars illustrates and challenges existing theories of distributed work and project management. The trade association's flat organizational structure results in writing processes where individual authors have near total control over their texts, yet there is significant sharing, reuse, and collaboration at the invention stages as well as resistance to more conventional distributions of labor between design and writing experts. Drawing on Writing, Activity, and Genre Theory (WAGR), I study these presentations as the mediational means and texts through which audience members and association speakers interact. This dissertation describes the project management processes that arose from the rhetorical situation created between association workers and member-constituents. It also describes the reuse practices of knowledge workers constructing slide decks and the rhetorical strategies speakers drew from when presenting them. These findings point to contexts that need additional study. Namely, what is the audience's engagement with the slideshow as a live presentation and a takeaway document? Additionally, this study points to the need for additional research on the relationships between various related organizations on the work practices and writing processes of knowledge workers.

Committee: Derek Van Ittersum (Committee Chair) Subjects: Composition; Rhetoric; Technical Communication

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2023, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Henry Ford's assembly line allowed for the mass production of automobiles. This advancement birthed a need for a new typology: the parking garage. The excitement over this new type of structure brought about an original building style that excited architects and designers. Evolution of the car's role in American society has shifted how parking garages should be designed, but unfortunately, no further progress in garage design has been made since garage ubiquity in the modern era of the 1950s. Parking garage organization shows little concern for the mingling of the pedestrian in relation to the car. In the urban environment, parking garages have become exclusively places to park, and act as an accessory to other urban generators, making them pieces of infrastructure, not architecture. Designers today should be concerned with transforming the current infrastructure to architecture by making the pedestrian experience personal and impactful while in the parking garage. The garage should be multi-programmed, encourage the pedestrian to linger, and make it known that the garage is a place for the pedestrian just as much as it is for the car. By understanding the necessary elements of parking garages, a strategy may be produced that demonstrates these ideals of bettering the human experience in parking garages. A prototype example of how to bring these ideas to life is expressed through this essay and a series of drawings, models, and diagrams. This information is used to convey the urgency of encouraging parking garages to go beyond the singular function of parking, while simultaneously stitching together the urban fabric in the eyes of the beholder. This prototype will help encourage architects, planners, policy makers, and designers to make better informed decisions for the enrichment of the pedestrian and urban fabric through the lens of parking garages.

Committee: Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Member); Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2022, Environmental Science

Current water management practices rely on withdrawing from freshwater supplies and disposing of contaminated wastewater. An increasingly common solution to insufficient water supplies is reuse of treated wastewaters through circular water economies (CWEs). However, water rich regions such as Ohio have been less likely to consider CWEs as a solution to their water issues related to quality concerns. Additionally, CWE projects commonly face hurdles from negative public perceptions of treated wastewater for domestic potable purposes. In this study, I aim to assess the perceptions, opinions, and experiences in Ohio regarding non-potable CWEs. I utilize semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data from water managers and regulators to answer questions about awareness, attitudes, and potential barrier and drivers of implementing non-potable CWEs in Ohio. My results show there is awareness of intra-firm water reuse in Ohio and intersectoral reuse in arid regions. I did not find strong attitudes towards water reuse, positively or negatively, with positive attitudes tended to be seen in broad hypothetical statements while negative attitudes were mostly focused on necessity in Ohio. Financial and policy barriers to implementing CWEs were brought up by the greatest number of respondents. Similarly, financial and water quality drivers were mentioned by the most respondents.

Committee: Daniel Gingerich (Advisor); Douglas Jackson-Smith (Committee Member); Jeffrey Bielicki (Committee Member) Subjects: Environmental Science

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2022, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Heritage is always at risk when developers and advocates tear down and replace structures for their own profit and commercial purposes. Preserving sites and their history has become more popular and has been gaining a foothold in movements across the world. The appropriation of the intervention on historic sites has become a subject prone to criticism from the polarities of conservative to more liberal heritage conservationists. In Beirut, Lebanon, a city that has been rebuilt several times throughout history and now faces the need of intervention after sustaining severe damages from the 2020 Port Blast, the debate is a sensitive subject. The efforts to rebuild following the Civil War (1975 – 1990) are criticized for the demolition of historic structures and gentrification. What lesson can be learned and applied to the current situation of Beirut and its few remaining heritage structures? This thesis aims to approach the subject of rebuilding after the Port Blast by using methods of adaptive reuse to preserve the history and memories embedded in the structures while bringing new life and purpose to their post-blast conditions.

Committee: Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Member); Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2022, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Demolition is everywhere. Brutalist architecture and associated buildings are endangered, with many of these structures facing demolition worldwide. Given society's push to achieve a more sustainable future, we can no longer rely on demolition to get rid of our problems. Some in the architectural industry have chosen to address this issue through methods of transformation and adaptive reuse an attempt to preserve and alter previously unpopular, aging identities. By understanding the concepts of value, permanence, obsolescence, and preservation, innovative design solutions can challenge the widespread endangerment of buildings. Brutalism is slowly gaining popularity after a large period of distaste. However, a timely response is needed in order to prevent the end of this controversial, unique, and historical style. In the case for Crosley Tower, a concrete high rise associated with Brutalism, on the University of Cincinnati's campus in Cincinnati, Ohio, demolition is soon approaching. Innovative methods of transformation, preservation, and demolition will alter the structures identity and provide hybridized solutions that challenge its unique existence. A matrix of iterations involving constraints of addition, subtraction, and combinations of both provides a selection of four designs to be iterated on a more detailed level. These four project proposals both meet and challenge the physical and metaphysical nature of Crosley Tower in order to realize potentials hindered by traditional, uninventive demolition.

Committee: Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Member); Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Engineering and Applied Science: Environmental Engineering

In this dissertation, solar light-activated nitrogen- and boron-codoped TiO2 (NB-TiO2) and ZnO advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were developed for the treatment of oxidation-sensitive contaminants of emerging concerns (CECs) in water. Moreover, ferrous sulfite (FeSO3) advanced reduction process (ARP) was developed for the degradation of reduction-sensitive CECs (e.g., PFAS) in water. NB-TiO2 and ZnO nano-photocatalysts were synthesized by using simple hydrothermal methods, while FeSO3 was prepared by precipitation in an aqueous medium. Three different NB:Ti were prepared and calcined at different temperatures, and their photocatalytic properties were compared. Four different wurtzite-type ZnO catalysts were synthesized via a green, hydrothermal approach. FeSO3 was synthesized by precipitation from NaSO3 and FeSO4.7H2O precursors in oxygen-free water. Texture and structure analysis was performed for the catalysts. XPS results revealed N and B atoms were incorporated onto TiO2 lattice via substitution of O and/or Ti, and interstitial incorporation mechanisms. Pristine and doped TiO2 particles exhibited pure anatase structures according to XRD, HR-TEM, and simulation of selected area electron diffraction (SAED). 2.0NBT-350 (N+B= 2.0%, calcination= 350 oC) possessed the smallest particle size (12.9 nm), largest BET surface area (108.5 m2/g) and highest visible-light absorption (i.e., λ> 400 nm, effective band gap Eg= 2.78 eV). ZnO catalyst resembled nano- to micro-sized needles/rods (150 – 750 nm). The wurtzite structure of ZnO was further confirmed by XRD analysis. According to XPS analysis, uncalcined ZnO showed higher oxygen vacancy content as compared to calcined ZnO. Iron sulfite material resembled very small, semi-spherical particles (i.e., 4-8 nm according to TEM analysis) aggregated in flake-like porous structure (i.e., dimensions of ca. 0.8 µm x 3.8 µm). XRD results comprised the characteristic diffraction peaks of Fe2+ and SO32- in addition to appearance o (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Dionysios Dionysiou Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Margaret Kupferle Ph.D. (Committee Member); Mallikarjuna Nadagouda Ph.D. (Committee Member); George Sorial Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Engineering

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Engineering and Applied Science: Environmental Engineering

The scarcity of potable water is becoming a global concern as the quality of drinking water sources faces enormous pressure from anthropogenic pollution. In urban areas, wastewater released form homes, businesses, and industries is collected and treated in municipal wastewater treatment facilities before discharge into streams and lakes, which are drinking water sources. Most wastewater treatment plants use conventional activated sludge (CSA) process during treatment. However, these plants are major point sources of pollution of the environment because of their inability to sufficiently remove nutrients, pathogens, and micro pollutants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products) from wastewater. The purpose of this study was to use MBR technology in combination with MgCO3 pellets column to address some of the challenges faced by CAS treatment plants and to produce an environmentally friendly and recyclable effluent free of particles, pathogen and low in nutrient concentration. The study also aimed at employing the technology to enhance the recovery and removal of P through EBPR and MgCO3 pellets from Municipal wastewater and to reuse it (P recovered) as an alternative for natural P reserve, which is currently under depletion. This technology achieved the following pollutant removal efficiencies: TSS > 99.9%, Fecal coliform > 99.999%, COD = 97.8%, TN = 76.3% and TP = 84.6% .The influence of EBPR was equally remarkable in P release during the experiment, where P concentration in the MgCO3 column's influent was increased, leading to a maximum adsorption capacity of 12.8 mg P/g MgCO3. Although the MBR + Ethanol + MgCO3 couple was effective in municipal wastewater treatment, membrane biofouling remains a barrier that significantly reduced MBR efficiency and smooth operation.

Committee: Soryong Chae Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Mallikarjuna Nadagouda Ph.D. (Committee Member); George Sorial Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Environmental Engineering

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Memory represents who we are, our habits, our ideologies, and our hopes and fears, but it also gives an indication of who we will become. How do we move into the future and allow the weight of our past to not diminish, but grow? In 1970, no one could have, or would have, predicted the deterioration of Youngstown, Ohio less than ten years later. The downfall of postwar vibrancy built on steel and the backs of mill workers seemed improbable and impossible. The end of federally-funded rebuilding, and overall lack of federal policy, in 1974 coincided with the beginning of severe population loss and economic decline throughout the United States. These once dense, active cities quickly lost their life, relegated to mere shells of their former selves. Rust Belt cities are defined by extreme post-industrial population loss in a region strongly identified with production and industry. It is because of this industry, the lifeblood of the city and the support of its economy and working-class neighborhoods, that such an abrupt and startling loss was created in Youngstown. Rust Belt cities are a parallel universe where lives, economies, and industries shift but the city remains. Rust Belt cities are essentially unraveling. People connect to a place through their memory of it. Memory of the Rust Belt, the glory days and what has been, is very important for residents of these lost and often forgotten cities. The Rust Belt is a place of loss, despair, and ruin, but connecting with a city and its residents on a personal level is much more telling than simply looking at statistics. Hybridized building programs adapt to revitalize specific sites within the city of Youngstown, Ohio. This hybridization brings together unexpected urban conditions, users, social issues, and building functions. Divergent themes such as the planned and spontaneous, homogeneous and diverse, explicit and subversive, synthetic and organic, create architecture capable of combining unorthodox function (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Sciences (Engineering), Case Western Reserve University, 2020, EMC - Aerospace Engineering

To fuel transportation systems, there exists an opportunity to reduce launch costs by an order of magnitude by launching the necessary propellant on existing commercial launch vehicles (CLVs). This research analyzed various architectures that deliver propellant to near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO). An automated tool was developed and utilized to rapidly trade architectures. First-order results indicate many feasible architecture options exist for commercially launched propellant. Active cryogenic fluid management (CFM) tankers were shown to have negligible improvements over passive tankers that rendezvous with a reusable (active CFM) bus. CLV long-duration upper stages deliver more propellant than ZBO tankers if, on average, tanker inert mass is greater than 51% of the CLV usable payload. “Topping-off” long-duration upper stages with propellant in LEO permits a mean of 13 metric tons per launch delivered to NRHO. Reusable tugs were shown to increase delivered propellant per launch by 180% on average.

Committee: Paul Barnhart PhD (Committee Chair); Sunniva Collins PhD (Committee Member); Yasuhiro Kamotani PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Aerospace Engineering