Master of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, 1971, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Social Work, The Ohio State University, 1966, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Honors Theses, Ohio Dominican University, 2023, Honors Theses

It is crucial to analyze the relationship between formal institutions and the informal sector to gain a better understanding of the challenges that certain informal industries face. Given the wide-ranging nature of the informal economy, this paper will focus on the food sector, specifically street food vending in three Colombian cities–Barranquilla, Bogota, and Medellin–which has garnered considerable social and cultural significance over time. This paper will employ a political economy research approach. A surveying method will be the primary source of data collection. Insights obtained from first-person accounts provide invaluable information regarding the reality of the challenges that small-scale informal vendors face. This study posits that the majority of the businesses surveyed surpass the upper-middle income economy poverty line and minimum wage. The majority of businesses responded that they have attained education up to the secondary level. Additionally, the tenure exhibited spans from 8 years of age to someone who has been informally operating for a period as short as 5 months. The study highlights that women in the informal sector face higher financial barriers, especially in regard to the low supply of microcredits. Finally, the data suggest that males are more likely to become formally recognized businesses compared to females, although both genders present a high disposition toward formalization. This exploratory research may furnish policymakers with pertinent information on how to introduce incentives to expand the economic activities of the informal food sector while improving the transition process from informality to formality.

Committee: Kenneth Fah (Advisor); Michael Dougherty (Committee Member); Douglas Ruml (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Sciences; Cultural Anthropology; Demography; Economic Theory; Economics; Political Science; Public Policy; Social Structure; Statistics; Urban Planning

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1949, History

Committee: R. Stanley McCordock (Advisor) Subjects: History

Doctor of Philosophy, University of Toledo, 2022, Biology (Ecology)

The adverse effects of oil spill disasters on wildlife populations often include mass mortalities and widespread oiling of large numbers of individuals. While these incidents are highly visible and well documented, chronic, long-term impacts on vertebrate species may often persist after the initial oil exposure due to lingering toxins in the environment. These chronic effects may often exceed the short-term impacts caused by initial oil exposure. Additionally, emergency spill response, cleanup operations, and mitigation measures may have additional impacts on populations exposed to oil spills. Species that have long lifespans, late age maturation, and low recruitment rates are particularly vulnerable to population-level impacts if oil spills, and subsequent cleanup operation cause an increase in mortality. Regarding the effects of oils spills in freshwater ecosystems, very little is known in comparison to marine ecosystems. In particular, almost nothing is known about the impacts on freshwater organisms' exposure to diluted bitumen (dilbit) oil. To date, most data on the effects of dilbit on free-ranging freshwater organisms were collected in relation to one of the largest inland oil spills in United States history, the Kalamazoo River oil spill, which spilled between 3 and 4.5 million L of dilbit in Calhoun and Kalamazoo counties, Michigan, impacting 56 km of the Kalamazoo River and the species within. Of the vertebrate species known to have been oiled during the Kalamazoo River oil spill, northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica) were the most observed oiled animal. As a result of the Kalamazoo River oil spill, extensive effort occurred in 2010 and 2011 to clean and restore the freshwater ecosystem impacted by the spill. During 2010, this included the capture, cleaning, rehabilitating, and releasing of more than 2,000 northern map turtles. In 2010, we documented a nearly 6% direct mortality rate (i.e., individuals captured dead, died in care, or transfer (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jeanine Refsnider (Advisor); Richard Becker (Committee Member); Lisa Williams (Committee Member); Henry Streby (Committee Member); William Hintz (Committee Member) Subjects: Animals; Aquatic Sciences; Ecology; Environmental Studies; Toxicology; Wildlife Conservation; Wildlife Management

Master of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, 2021, City and Regional Planning

Planned relocation, a managed retreat technique, is frequently discussed as an approach useful for improving the livelihoods of communities living in hazardous environments. However, in environments with highly vulnerable areas, such as informal communities, the relocation process may inadvertently uncover new risks, such as exposure to new types of hazards and disruption of community networks. Key issues surrounding the vulnerability of informal communities center on their exposure to environmental hazards, such as flooding, hurricanes, and other extreme weather conditions. To deal with these issues, relocation and resettlement activities have been carried out to minimize the risks associated with living in hazardous areas. However, despite the potential benefits of planned relocation, the movement of these communities opens up questions surrounding the larger decision-making and resettlement process and broader hazard exposure of informal communities. This research addresses these issues through an in-depth qualitative study of relocation and resettlement initiatives in informal communities in Puerto Rico. Additionally, flooding hazard risk maps of two communities that went through a planned relocation process are discussed. This thesis shows that informal communities' previous experiences with relocation and resettlement have harmed their trust towards retreat projects. Furthermore, based on hazard risk assessments and in-depth discussions with planners and Puerto Rico-based relevant experts knowledgeable of these processes, the results reveal that selecting safe locations for resettlement does not necessarily place communities out of natural hazards risk exposure.

Committee: Santina Contreras PhD (Advisor); Mattijs Van Maasakkers PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Area Planning and Development; Caribbean Studies; Environmental Studies; Social Research; Urban Planning

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2019, Economics

This dissertation consists of two chapters investigating U.S. healthcare issues from economic perspectives. Chapter one estimates the effect of ACA health insurance enrollment expansion on physician relocation. The empirical design used is a DD-IV model that utilizes predicted insurance enrollment changes caused by ACA insurance expansion as instruments. I then quantify how much the ACA-induced physician relocation reduces physician disparity between economically disadvantaged and advantaged markets. I find that private health insurance enrollment plays a role in shaping the geographic distribution of physicians: a market with a 10,000 increase in private enrollment attracts about 1.65 physician relocations from other same-city markets to the expanded market. Such ACA-induced relocation increases physician supply in those economically disadvantaged markets (with lower average income, higher unemployment rate, and fewer white men), leading to a 10\% reduction in physician disparity. Medicaid enrollment also plays a role in affecting physician distribution but only in states that permanently increase Medicaid payment after ACA. The second chapter explores the effect of changing the marketing status of a branded drug from prescription to OTC on price of the drug. I estimate a 40-percent reduction in retail price within four years after an Rx-to-OTC switch using generalized DD model as well as event study model. Back-of-envelope calculations show that the estimated 40-percent drop in retail price due to an Rx-to-OTC switch has different implications on the out-of-pocket payment made by consumers per se and the total spending paid by consumers and insurers combined: medically insured consumers generally have to pay 20 percent more out of pocket once a branded drug switches from prescription to OTC status, while the total price paid by consumers and insurers drops by 20 percent for a branded drug for which insurers were returned a rebate amount that is 20 percent o (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kurt Lavetti (Advisor); Huanxin Yang (Committee Member); Wendy Xu (Committee Member) Subjects: Economics

Doctor of Business Administration, Cleveland State University, 2017, Monte Ahuja College of Business

Housing markets exhibit some puzzling behavior that cannot be completely explained by rational market dynamics. The neoclassical economic theory posits that rational sellers and rational buyers in the housing market will look at the current market price in order to determine a value of a property. Studies, however, show that physiological biases may affect the decision- making process of both sellers and buyers. I examine the behavior of sellers in the housing market in three different settings. In essay 1, I analyze the effects of the health of the housing market on mobility. In Essay 2, I study the effects of sellers' loss aversion on listing price and time on the market within the prospect theory framework. In Essay 3, I focus on identifying stress in the housing market by developing a stress index and commencing the design of an Early Warning System that incorporates signals from the market and behaviors from sellers to indicate increasing levels of pressure. I utilize a data set of private home sale transactions of corporate relocations for the period 2004-2014. The results of the first study from the stepwise logit models on series of economic variables and demographic factors show that relocating employees facing negative equity situations and equity less than 5% of home value have a greater chance of rejecting relocation while economic factors like affordability and credit availability have a positive effect on their ability to move. Essay 2 results indicate that a seller who faces a loss will set up an asking price 5.69 percent higher than they would otherwise. Additionally, sellers facing a loss will experience a reduction in the hazard rate of sale resulting in longer time on the market while income and family status have effect on loss aversion and time on market. In the last essay, I hypothesize that economic signals and home sellers' behaviors can explain the variability of the housing market stress index proxied by a transformed S″P500/Case Shi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Alan Reichert Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Haigang Zhou Ph.D. (Committee Co-Chair); Dieter Gramlich Ph.D. (Committee Member); Walter Rom Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Finance

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1983, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Education

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1963, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Home Economics

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2015, Leadership and Change

When Native Hawaiians move away from the islands, they risk losing their cultural identity and heritage. This dissertation utilizes a Hawaiian theoretical framework based in Indigenous research practices and uses phenomenology, ethnography, heuristics, and portraiture to tell the stories of leadership, change, and resilience of five Native Hawaiians who as adults, chose to permanently relocate to the United States mainland. It explores the reasons why Kanaka Maoli (politically correct term for Native Hawaiians) leave the 'aina (land; that which feeds) in the first place and eventually become permanent mainland residents. Some Hawaiians lose their culture after relocating to the United States mainland, giving in to societal pressures demanding conformance, assimilation, and acculturation. Some who have lost their cultural identity are able to later regain it, yet others, resilient, found a way to retain their cultural identity despite the traumatic transition. This study focuses on those who have retained or regained their Native Hawaiian identity after relocating to the United States mainland, and questions, “What caused them to relocate?” and “How do they maintain cultural practices far away from the 'aina?” I begin by situating myself as the researcher, review the literature, offer an historical chronology of events that occurred in Hawai`i, and explain the research methodology. Four Native Hawaiians who have relocated to the mainland United States as adults and have continued Native Hawaiian cultural practices were interviewed. I painted their individual portraits as well as my own—using the art and science of portraiture—which includes aesthetic writing that focuses on the “good” that is found in within context. I constructed the portraits with data from the interviews, observations, pictures, music, poetic sayings, video clips, sound bites, and my own reflections. The phenomenon of “walking in two worlds” is explored. This study provides examples of leadership (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Carolyn Kenny PhD (Committee Chair); Lize Booysen DBL (Committee Member); Peter Hanohano, Jr. PhD (Committee Member); Maenette Ah Nee-Benham PhD (Other) Subjects: Native American Studies; Native Americans; Native Studies

Master of Arts, Case Western Reserve University, 2013, History

In the first decade of the twentieth century, when the water of the Catskill Mountains first began flowing into New York City faucets, one small valley became a lake. In part a sanitary measure, roughly three thousand graves were exhumed from thirty-two cemeteries during the Ashokan reservoir’s construction. Examined within the context of changing deathways at the turn of the twentieth century, the Ashokan cemetery relocations illustrate the enduring cultural value of the material corpse. Although scholars define the recently dead body as a liminal figure between life and death, this thesis argues that the buried and decomposing corpse also occupies a liminal space between human and non-human/nature. Uncomfortable with the corpse’s ambiguous status, early cremationists, sanitarians, and public health activists sought to establish the buried corpse as primarily nature’s domain, while the actions of Ashokan residents emphasized the corpse as human above all else.

Committee: Jonathan Sadowsky (Advisor); Daniel Cohen (Committee Member); John Broich (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History; Human Remains; Public Health

Master of Arts (MA), Wright State University, 2012, History

In September 1942, the Church Federation of Dayton and Montgomery County (Church Federation) was established. It created a Commission on War Services that coordinated social services to the thousands of military personnel and migrant war workers who flooded into wartime Dayton. Strategically, Dayton supported the nation's defense through the presence of two Army airfields and many vital industrial facilities. Beginning on October 1, 1942, the War Relocation Authority (WRA) permitted those of Japanese descent to leave the internment camps on indefinite leave, and resettle outside of the West Coast exclusion zones. The WRA supported this program by opening field offices across the nation including the Cincinnati office which opened in March 1943. The Cincinnati office served a multistate district that included Dayton, Ohio. In the spring of 1943, the first Japanese resettlers arrived in Dayton. Initially, the Church Federation drew upon the resources of the Commission on War Services to assist the resettlers. By May 1944, the steady flow of resettlers led the Church Federation to create a Committee on Resettlement. This study explores the Church Federation's role as it assisted over 150 Japanese resettlers to Dayton, and in doing so, it will assess the relationship between the Church Federation and the WRA's Cincinnati field office.

Committee: Edward Haas PhD (Committee Chair); John Sherman PhD (Committee Member); Kathryn Meyer PhD (Committee Member); Jonathan Winkler PhD (Committee Member); Carol Herringer PhD (Other); Andrew Hsu PhD (Other) Subjects: American History; Asian American Studies

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2001, Arts and Sciences : History

The National Japanese American Student Relocation Council was a private organization established during the Second World War with the objective of moving Japanese Americans of college age out of the concentration camps they had been exiled to and into colleges east of the Pacific states in which they had lived. The Council, originally formed under the initiative of the American Friends Service Committee at the urging of the War Relocation Authority, was intimately involved in all aspects of the student resettlement project. This private organization, which quickly gained the support of several church groups and philanthropic foundations, was eventually staffed by religious and political liberals. It performed a variety of functions. The Council worked closely with a number of government agencies, including the Wartime Civil Control Administration, the Provost Marshal General's Office, and the War Relocation Authority, to coordinate a program of student resettlement. It informed incarcerated students of the educational opportunities available outside the camps and worked to facilitate the movement of students to institutions of higher learning, largely in the Mountain States, the Midwest, and along the East Coast of the United States. The Council also worked with colleges and receiving communities, encouraging them to participate in its program and to provide warm welcomes to Japanese American students. Approximately 4,000 Japanese American students participated in the Council's program. This was a substantial portion of the college-aged cohort of the mainland Japanese American population. Although different agencies had different goals for student resettlement, some Council members and the resettled students cooperated in promoting what we now call multiculturalism. While the War Relocation Authority and even some on the Council hoped to force assimilation through geographic dispersal, the students constructed their own meanings for their resettlement experiences. T (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Roger Daniels (Advisor) Subjects: History, United States

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2012, EDU Physical Activity and Educational Services

On November 6, 1995, Arthur Modell announced his intention to transfer the Cleveland Browns to Baltimore after the conclusion of the season. Throughout the ensuing four months, the cities of Cleveland and Baltimore, along with Modell, National Football League (NFL) officials and politicians, battled over the future of the franchise. After legal and social conflicts, the NFL and Cleveland civic officials agreed on a deal that allowed Modell to honor his contract with Baltimore and simultaneously provided an NFL team to Cleveland to begin play in 1999. This settlement was unique because it allowed Cleveland to retain the naming rights, colors, logo, and, most significantly, the history of the Browns. This thesis illuminates the cultural nexus between sport and business. A three chapter analysis of the cultural meanings and interpretations of the Browns' relocation, it examines the ways in which the United States public viewed the economics of professional team sport in the United States near the turn of the twenty-first century and the complex relationship between the press, sports entrepreneurs and community. First, Cleveland Browns' fan letters from the weeks following Modell's announcement along with newspaper accounts of the “Save Our Browns” campaign convey that the reaction of Cleveland's populace to Modell's announcement was tied to their antipathy toward the city's negative national notoriety and underscored their feelings toward the city's urban decline in the late 1990s. Second, analysis of media presentations from November 1995, through February 1996, emphasized that Cleveland's social identity, and the movement to save the team, illuminated a complex symbiotic relationship between the press and the public. Finally, chapter three considers the paradoxical images and presentations of Modell as a sports entrepreneur from his purchase of the Browns in 1961 to the relocation of the team, and to his selling of the Baltimore Ravens in 2003. These discussions dem (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Melvin L. Adelman PhD (Advisor); Sarah K. Fields PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Education; History; Sports Management

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2009, Geography (Arts and Sciences)

Baltimore, Maryland is home to a six-lane super-highway in miniature colloquially known as the “Highway to Nowhere.” Part of a controversial plan to erect an east-west highway through the heart of the city, the “Highway to Nowhere” is aremnant of expressway construction projects halted by a city-wide “freeway revolt” during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Using archival research and resident interviews, this thesis explores the planning and development of the “Highway to Nowhere” and the roles played by anti-highway community organizations such as the Relocation Action Movement (RAM), the Movement Against Destruction (MAD), the Society for the Preservation of Federal Hill and Fells Point and the Southeast Council Against the Road (SCAR). Examining the tactics and strategies utilized by these organizations,this thesis highlights the importance of “politics of scale” in achieving political objectives. This study answers calls within the environmental justice literature for case studies examining process equity.

Committee: Geoffrey L. Buckley PhD (Advisor); Harold A. Perkins PhD (Committee Member); Brad D. Jokisch PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2010, Communication Studies

On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066 required all people of Japanese ancestry in America (one-eighth of Japanese blood or more), living on the west coast to be relocated into internment camps. Over 120,000 people were forced to leave their homes, businesses, and all their belongings except for one suitcase and were placed in barbed-wire internment camps patrolled by armed police. This study looks at narratives, stories, and experiences of Japanese American women who experienced the World War II internment camps through an anti-colonial theoretical framework and ethnographic methods. The use of ethnographic methods and interviews with the generation of Japanese American women who experienced part of their lives in the United State World War II internment camps explores how it affected their lives during and after World War II. The researcher of this study hopes to learn how Japanese American women reflect upon and describe their lives before, during, and after the internment camps, document the narratives of the Japanese American women who were imprisoned in the internment camps, and research how their experiences have been told to their children and grandchildren.

Committee: Radhika Gajjala Ph.D. (Advisor); Louisa Ha Ph.D. (Committee Member); Lynda Dixon Ph.D. (Committee Member); Ellen Gorsevski Ph.D. (Committee Member); Sherlon Pack-Brown Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Communication; Cultural Anthropology; Gender; Multicultural Education