Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2010, Journalism (Communication)

This study examines the New York Times, Times of London, Hindu, and Dawn coverage of the 2008 Mumbai attack. Since the U.S. and Britain had considerable interests in South Asia, the study used the framework of press nationalism to analyze the coverage. A content analysis of the coverage in the four newspapers suggests national interests were at work. The debate over the war and issues like religious unrest were different in the four newspapers. The Western press was unequivocal in condemning the war option; the coverage also reflected an agreement on issues like Kashmir and the War on Terror. The Asian media also focused on avoiding war but differed from each other on many aspects. Dawn raised issues like Muslim unrest and Hindu fanaticism while avoiding Pakistan's failure to curb terrorist activities. The Hindu was unambiguous in pinning the blame on Pakistan while condemning the failure of the Indian security apparatus.

Committee: Joseph Bernt PhD (Advisor); Hong Cheng PhD (Committee Member); Marilyn Greenwald PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Journalism

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2015, Journalism (Communication)

Race and ideologies of racial supremacy were at the very heart of World War II. U.S. troops did not have to look far to see how race influenced the American war machine as the country's military policies required African American and white troops to be processed, trained, and stationed at separate but supposedly equal installations across the country. Race determined whether one carried a rifle or drove a supply truck; operated the naval big guns or loaded munitions into Liberty-class ships; and even whether you would deploy or not. This study took an historical look at how the media reported race and race relations in a war fought over race. Specifically, it examined three events in the United States: the Detroit race riots, Harlem riots, and the Port Chicago explosion; and three incidents in the United Kingdom: the first racial incident in Antrim, Northern Ireland, the mutiny at Bamber Bridge, and the Bristol race riots, to reveal how mainstream newspapers and the American black press reported these events. Through an extensive examination of news coverage in twenty-four newspapers, U.S. and British government and military documents, and oral histories, this study examines how race was reported and framed in the media; and attempts to demonstrate how those frames and newspaper routines expand our understanding of race and race relations during this critical period of history. This study found that often the mainstream media in both nations downplayed race or at the very least attempted to minimize it during major news events, unless it was impossible to ignore. Sometimes this effort to curtail the role of race came from overt pressure from the government, as it was with the British press. Other times, news workers self-censored for fear that images of violence between Americans would fuel the Axis propaganda machine. Still other times, wartime censors severely delayed news reports. This study also found differences in how the U.S. and British press reported (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Michael Sweeney (Committee Chair); Patrick Washburn (Committee Member); Kathryn Jellison (Committee Member); Benjamin Bates (Committee Member) Subjects: African American Studies; American History; Black History; History; Journalism; Military History

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2009, Mass Communication (Communication)

The 1973-1984 National News Council was a private, non-partisan response to the 1947 call by Robert Maynard Hutchins' Commission on Freedom of the Press for “an independent agency to appraise and report … upon the performance of the press.” The council exemplified the social responsibility theory of the press and the long quest for mass media accountability. The News Council's archived records and a broad spectrum of secondary sources demonstrated its roots in Progressive ideals of journalism as a social expositor dedicated to empowering citizens. Spurring the initial demand for accountability were press sensationalism and outspoken opposition by many newspaper publishers to New Deal liberalism. But at the core of the debate was competition between the libertarian theory of the press (no external review but the marketplace) and the social responsibility theory (external review by neutrals). The News Council was birthed by philanthropies that adhered to social responsibility theory and held a strong-effects perspective. But major media shunned the National News Council, leading to its doom – and to victory for libertarian press theory.

Committee: Patrick Washburn PhD (Committee Chair); Marilyn Greenwald PhD (Committee Member); Alonzo Hamby PhD (Committee Member); David Mould PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Journalism; Mass Media

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2023, Environmental Studies

The contemporary age suffers from a state of cynicism and inertia in light of climate change and seemingly inescapable global capitalism. This project departs from the theory and creative work of William Morris, a 19th century artist, designer, and revolutionary socialist, in conceiving of a socialist aestheticism—an aestheticism that acknowledges the creative labor behind art-making and the imaginative limitations of creating "true art" under capitalism. This is done through an analysis of Morris's involvement with the socialist periodical "The Commonweal" and his subseqeunt creative, utopian project the Kelmscott Press. The value of utopianism and creative labor is then applied to the state of contemporary art and the climate change crisis. Finally, there is a reflection on "Realized Utopias," an art exhibition I created on the subjects of this discussion through a creative praxis process.

Committee: Joseph McLaughlin (Advisor) Subjects: Art History; Environmental Studies

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2020, Journalism (Communication)

The lynching era in Ohio lasted from 1803 to 1937. During these years thirty-five people died at the hands of a lynch mob and seventy-nine escaped from a mob's clutches. This thesis situates the history of lynching in Ohio from 1872 to 1932 and discusses the issue of complacent journalism in the Ohio press through a study of twenty-four cases of white-on-white lynching and racial terror lynching. This thesis shows that lynching was employed as a means to enact fear to keep Black Ohioans in a marginalized position and prevent them from prospering economically or politically. The author also argues that journalists were not objective bystanders but were key to the social voice and national conversation that accepted the practice of lynching in America. By utilizing the concept of critical race theory, the author shows that the racist ideal of Whiteness was able to become hidden by seemingly objective reporting, thus allowing the mainstream press to accept the practice of lynching without the guilt of unlawful “justice.” There is also a paucity of research on Harry C. Smith, a Black journalist who pushed for the first anti-lynching law in Ohio. As such, this research aims to make a significant impact not only on the literature involving northern lynchings but also in the history of Ohio and the need to understand its dark past. In 2020 this historical research hold saliency regarding the racial violence which continues today in America.

Committee: Aimee Edmondson (Committee Chair); Michael Sweeney (Committee Member); Marilyn Greenwald (Committee Member) Subjects: History; Journalism

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2019, Journalism (Communication)

This thesis examines the advocacy and journalistic work of civil rights activist and newspaper publisher Daisy Bates. It explores her ability to negotiate her black womanhood, while navigating the discriminatory practices in the South in the 1940s and 1950s. Bates and her husband founded the Arkansas State Press in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1941, which echoed the sentiments of the civil rights movement at the time. As this thesis demonstrates, Bates's journalistic advocacy mirrored the practices of northern black publications, while defying the traditions of southern race relations. Her journalistic style, characterized by militant sarcasm and provocation of both whites and blacks, came to cement her as a trailblazing black journalist in a region heavily shaped by blacks' oppression. More than being a black woman in times of white male preeminence, Bates defied the double burden of racism and sexism as she wrote stories that attacked white supremacy and accounted for racial injustice in the South. Through an assessment of her journalistic work, this thesis applies a historical research method to restore Bates's place in black press history and situate her within black feminist thought, as a radical frontrunner for women of color in the South in the twentieth century.

Committee: Michael Sweeney (Committee Chair); Aimee Edmondson (Committee Member); Marilyn Greenwald (Committee Member) Subjects: African Americans; Black History; Gender Studies; History; Journalism; Minority and Ethnic Groups; Womens Studies

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2016, Exercise Physiology-Research (Health Sciences and Professions)

Background: There are injury risks involved in not correctly activating stabilizing musculature while training. Researchers have created, designer, and implemented equipment to improve activating shoulder stabilizers. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine shoulder muscle activation between stable and unstable loads across the bench press and seated overhead press. Methods: Subjects (n = 12, males) randomly performed two sets of five repetitions at 50% 1RM for both exercises and modalities. Surface EMG was collected, and the average amplitude was analyzed for the three middle repetitions. Results: The Earthquake Bar™ (EQ bar) produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher activation in all muscle groups except the lateral triceps brachii during the bench press (p > 0.05). There was also a significantly more optimal co-contraction with the EQ bar (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests the EQ bar produced greater activation and co-contraction and may provide an improved method of training shoulder stabilizing musculature.

Committee: Sharon Rana (Advisor); Jae Pom Yom (Committee Member); Dustin Grooms (Committee Member) Subjects: Biomechanics; Kinesiology; Sports Medicine

Master of Public Administration (MPA), Ohio University, 1987, Mechanical Engineering (Engineering)

Because of the need to control power, a research project to control a 25 ton Walbash hydraulic press was undertaken. A pump-motor control scheme was selected to control this press, after considering adaptability, cost, and time response of the system, over a servo valve control system. The analytical analysis of the pump-motor control scheme assumed linear characteristics for the press and motor which lead to a differential equation to describe the system: J/K nd V r(t)/dt-(K iK pK l/R a-K i???/R aK n r(t) = K iK p/R a(t) [10] where J is the inertia, R ais the armature resistance, K iis the stall torque of the motor. K nis the proportionality constant of the press, K pis the motor controller constant, K 1is the position transducer constant V ris the velocity of the ram, and e(t) is the input signal to the control system. The actual control system was installed on the Walbash press using analog to digital and digital to analog converters for computer linking. The control system produced a completely computer controlled press, except for the extra functions of the press, such as temperature control, which were not disturbed. The control system worked satisfactory but not without a number of problems: numerical differentiation errors, magnitude of the velocity instabilities, and hydraulic inconsistencies. The press's futures is dependent on the user's tolerance to these errors.

Committee: Kenneth Halliday (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1963, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1965, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1924, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1947, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1952, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

MA, Kent State University, 2023, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

Between 1473 and 1666, the printing industry in London was heavily regulated by the Stationers' Company, but after the 1660s, the Company became unable to effectively regulate printed texts. This thesis compares the depictions of masculinity which appeared in early modern English books between periods of heavy regulation and periods of loose regulation. Changes to the printing industry, including changes to the laws surrounding censorship and economic changes in both the market and England as a whole, contributed to changes in how social ideologies are represented in the books that the market produced. During the early period of heavy regulation, narratives of masculinity across texts were relatively consistent and cooperated with one another to create a cohesive, hegemonic version of masculinity. However, as the market grew and opened, there was no longer a reasonable expectation of regulation, and more, often differing versions of masculinity were able to compete with the traditional hegemonic narrative.

Committee: Lindsay Starkey (Advisor); Don-John Dugas (Committee Member); Elaine Frantz (Committee Member); Matthew Crawford (Advisor) Subjects: British and Irish Literature; European History; Gender; History; Literature

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2023, History

This project examines the life, career, and controversies surrounding Mexican playwright Rodolfo Usigli and his play El gesticulador, a tragicomedy that satirized the hypocrisies of rule in Mexico following the revolution of 1910. Usigli emerged as one of the leading, if controversial, voices within Mexican theater during the 1930s and 1940s, writing politically critical plays based in his particular vision for a national theater tradition in Mexico. The height of the playwright's dramaturgical output corresponded with an elite class in the process of consolidating an institutionalized, “official” culture, homogenized revolutionary history, and political system dominated by an effectively single-party state. Censored for almost a decade, Usigli's El gesticulador premiered on the stage of Mexico City's Palacio de Bellas Artes under high praise and intense scandal, both reflecting and contributing to renewed debates concerning Mexico's political system, freedom of expression, and the changing “institutional” revolution. Following the play's staging, Usigli would ultimately go on to act as a coopted intellectual in the service of the state. Thus, I track Usigli's evolution alongside that of the single-party state, arguing that the playwright acts as an insightful example of the power dynamics informing the relationships between political and cultural elites in postrevolutionary Mexico.

Committee: Elena Albarrán (Advisor); José Amador (Committee Member); Andrew Offenburger (Committee Member) Subjects: History; Latin American History; Theater History

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2023, Civil Engineering (Engineering and Technology)

Remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) is an expensive process. Iron sediment from AMD treatment can be industrially significant and sold as pigment which can mitigate the remediation cost. An AMD treatment plant in Millfield, Ohio is being constructed for this purpose with the goal of selling commercial grade iron pigment while restoring an impaired stream. The ferrous iron in the AMD is oxidized, and then the hydrolyzed ferric iron is settled. However, to produce high-quality pigment, the pH must be kept at 4.5 or lower, posing a challenge for adequate settling. In this research, ten different commercial polymers were evaluated to increase the settling rates of the iron particles at low pH. The jar test was implemented to select the best polymer and optimize the dose to reduce the turbidity of the sample. The polymers NS-6650 and 6050 from Neo-Solutions, Inc. (Beaver, PA) removed more than 99% turbidity at 0.2 mg/L dosage, making them the best flocculants tested. In terms of calculated flocculent contamination, this flocculant dose yielded 99.95% pigment purity. The flocculants and dose were further tested for sedimentation, which resulted in iron settling rate of 0.15-0.25 ft/min. A clarifier design rise rate of 0.5-0.9 gpm/ft2 (700-1250 gpd/ft2) and diameter of 35-50 ft was recommended for the approximate Truetown seep flowrate of 2 cfs expecting 3-3.5% clarifier underflow solids content. For dewatering this sludge produced at low pH, vacuum filtration and filter press were evaluated in this research. The vacuum filtration did not appear as a suitable option because of longer cake formation time and high suspended solids content in the filtrate. However, the filter press showed feasible performance producing filter cakes with 20-25% solids content and indicating further improvement up to 30% cake solids with water effluent TSS <1 mg/L. As a viable dewatering process option, a single filter press equipment with 250-350 ft3 capacity was recommended to meet the (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: R. Guy Riefler (Advisor) Subjects: Civil Engineering; Engineering; Environmental Engineering

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2022, Welding Engineering

Stainless steel interlayers for resistance spot welding of a 1.6 mm thick AlSi coated 2000 MPa UTS press hardened boron steel (PHS) and a 2.0 mm thick 6022-T4 aluminum alloy were investigated to improve joint performance. Finite element modeling (FEM) of resistance spot welding was used to determine the interlayer's impact on joint interfacial temperature and weld nugget. Foil and Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) and interlayer deposition processes were studied for austenitic and ferritic grade stainless steels. CALPHAD-based simulations were also explored to determine the effects of Cr on forming FeAl3 intermetallic compound (IMC). The implementation of stainless steel interlayers significantly improved the mechanical performance of the joint, with the foil 430 interlayers experiencing 6.6 kN of peak force and 1.9 J of fracture energy at peak force. The intermetallic thickness was assessed for each interlayer deposition, with each method experiencing a noticeable reduction in thickness associated with a no interlayer condition. A fracture surface and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was conducted on the intermetallic-rich regions to determine the IMC composition. Also, a joining method involving ultrasonic metal welding (UMW) plus resistance spot welding (RSW) was evaluated for dissimilar metal joining of aluminum to steel. A thin Al insert is first bonded to a steel sheet using a solid-state procedure. With key welding parameters, UMW of 250 µm ferritic and austenitic stainless steel foil interlayers was determined. Higher ultrasonic welding energies are produced over welded joints, while lower energy inputs are produced under welded conditions. The use of interlayers demonstrated higher joule heating and aluminum bonding diameters when characterizing the dynamic sheet-to-sheet contact resistance during resistance spot welding (RSW) compared to no interlayer conditions. Uncommonly, the higher temperatures experienced in the interlayer jo (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Antonio Ramirez (Advisor); Avraham Benatar (Committee Member); Hamish Fraser (Committee Member) Subjects: Engineering

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2022, Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies

Similar to the space race or nuclear arms race, Olympic competition was a battle between East and West in the Cold War. This thesis examines Soviet engagement in the 1952 Summer Olympics as a form of early Soviet cultural diplomacy and originally claims that Soviet propaganda portrayed the Cold War as a battle for peace. It also identifies the Soviet Union's 1952 Olympic debut as a precursor to the Soviet Union's engagement in international cultural diplomacy emerging in 1956. By analyzing publications of the Soviet press, this thesis argues that the Soviet Union aimed to prove the ideological supremacy of socialism not only through excellent athletic performances, but also by demonstrating the superior moral consciousness of Soviet athletes. To do so, the Soviet press applied its ‘peace offensive' to sport and highlighted parallels between core tenants of Olympism and socialist ideology, such as egalitarianism and international friendship. Soviet newspapers lauded Soviet athletes as fierce defenders of the Olympic Games and invoked the memory of World War II to condemn the ‘capitalist perversion' of sport by ‘warmongering' Western nations—most commonly, these criticisms targeted the United States. The thesis then examines the depictions of individual Soviet athletes. Patriotic biographical sketches presented Soviet Olympians as hero athletes who exemplified the New Soviet Person. These inspirational depictions urged Soviet youth to pursue sport and mobilize for the battle for peace—that is, the Cold War. This research is increasingly relevant in 2022 following the Russian Federation's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, as Russian media eerily presents a narrative of fascist aggression against Russian athletes.

Committee: David Hoffmann (Advisor); Theodora Dragostinova (Committee Member) Subjects: East European Studies; History; Russian History; Slavic Studies

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2022, History

By the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Black Americans were restrained from enjoying democratic principles. Black American editorials combatted these discriminations by exaggerating France as an egalitarian nation that provided principles of equality, liberty and fraternity to its colonial subjects. Often, Black journalists contrasted the experiences of Africans in the French army with Black Americans' inequalities. While Great Britain and Germany willingly deployed African troops in Africa, they refused to use Africans on the European continent, but France was different. The incorporation of French Africans into the French army compensated for its declining birth rate at World War I's outbreak by providing essential manpower for the war effort. As a result, journalists displayed France as appearing to provide egalitarian principles to its African soldiers. However, it was not to show the appearance of social advancement but rather to create a haze of social equality that hid France's cultural and biological racism. This paper addresses how the Black press interpreted the incorporation of French African colonial subjects into the French army in 1914 - 1915 and how these perceptions redefined American racism, equality, white supremacy, and American democracy. Black journalists used the appearance of social advancement for French Africans serving in the French army to initially display the differences between French and American society. As a result, editors noted the shifting mentality of Black American communities from various parts of the United States and how it impacted their perception of American society. Journalists were biased in their approach, understanding that they influenced the reader's interpretation through written or visual imagery by shaping how Black Americans interpreted the world around them. As the war raged on, they saw the war as an opportunity to criticize American democracy, demonstrate the inequalities experienced within a "white" Ame (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Douglas Forsyth PhD (Advisor); Nicole Jackson PhD (Committee Member); Richard Fogarty PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: African Americans; African History; American History; European History; History; Military History; Modern History