Master of Science (MS), University of Toledo, 2015, College of Pharmacy

The overall objective of this work is to determine the percutaneous absorption of chlorpromazine hydrochloride from PLO gels and verify the suitability of a topically applied chlorpromazine PLO gel for use in hospice patients to relieve symptoms such as vomiting and nausea at the end stages of life. The aims of the present study were to (a) prepare and characterize pluronic lecithin organogels (PLO gels) of chlorpromazine hydrochloride using isopropyl palmitate or ricinoleic acid as the oil phase, (b) assess the in vitro percutaneous absorption of chlorpromazine hydrochloride through porcine ear and human abdominal skin using isopropyl palmitate and ricinoleic acid PLO gels, and (c) assess the theoretical plasma concentrations of chlorpromazine from flux values. PLO gels of chlorpromazine hydrochloride were successfully prepared using isopropyl palmitate or ricinoleic acid as the oil phase and characterized for pH, morphology, stability, viscosity, thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in vitro drug release and stability. In vitro permeability studies were performed across pig ear and human abdominal skin using isopropyl palmitate PLO gel and compared with the ricinoleic acid PLO gel. The pH and viscosity of both PLO gels prepared with isopropyl palmitate and ricinoleic acid were comparable. The thixotropic property of ricinoleic acid PLO gel was found to be better than the isopropyl palmitate PLO gel. Both formulations were found to be stable at 25ºC, 35ºC, and 40ºC for up to 60 days. The permeation of chlorpromazine hydrochloride was higher from ricinoleic acid PLO gel than isopropyl palmitate PLO gel and pure drug solution. Theoretical steady state plasma concentrations (Css) of chlorpromazine from pure drug solution, isopropyl palmitate PLO gel and ricinoleic acid PLO gel were found to be 1.05, 1.20, and 1.50 ng/ml. PLO gels only marginally increased the flux and theoretical Css of chlorpromazine. However, theoretical Css values for chl (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Sai HS Boddu (Advisor); KENNETH S. ALEXANDER (Committee Member); YOUSSEF SARI (Committee Member) Subjects: Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacy Sciences

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2007, Engineering : Chemical Engineering

Protein fouling is a critical factor governing membrane performance in various filtration processes. In this study, we report two new surface modification techniques to modify 0.22greek small letter mu mixed cellulose esters membranes (MCE) and 0.20greek small letter mu, positively charged durapore membranes to reduce protein fouling. The first step in the modification of MCE membranes involves coating of the membrane with a monolayer of allyldimethylchlorosilane (ADCS). The silanized membrane is then covalently linked to Pluronic F127, a triblock copolymer of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide (PEO–PPO–PEO) by UV irradiation at wavelengths >215 nm. The presence of PEO groups on the membrane surface increased the wettability of the membrane. Contact angle measurements confirmed that the degree of Pluronic grafting on the silanized membrane was a function of the UV exposure time. The hydraulic permeability and flux decline of the modified membrane during bovine serum albumin (BSA) filtration were nearly identical to the unmodified membrane. The modified membranes exhibited better cleaning characteristics compared to unmodified membranes upon back flushing with saline solution. The positively charged durapore membranes have been dip coated with random copolymers poly (oligoethylene glycol methacrylate co methacrylic acid), (OEGMA/MA), under four different conditions. The electrostatic adsorption of OEGMA/MA onto the membrane surface has been verified by streaming potential measurements. The ability of the modified membranes to resist protein adsorption has been verified by FTIR spectra. The hydraulic permeability and the flux decline data of the modified membranes were similar to the unmodified membranes and the cleaning characteristic of modified membranes showed improved performance.

Committee: Dr. Chia-Chi Ho (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Chemical