Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1970, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: History

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2023, Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Criminal Justice

The Unites States has grappled with the morality of sanctioning juveniles for more than a century. The pendulum of justice has vacillated to-and-fro, at times embracing harshly punitive forms of punishment for children who engaged in deviant behavior, before moving into an era of paternalistic law as the court assumed responsibility for wayward adolescents. Indeed, justice for juveniles was largely defined by those advocating the loudest at the time, whether that was the Child Saver Movement at the turn of the 20th Century, or more recently, the “super predator” driven moral panic that would bring with it punitive legislative reform nationwide, ultimately transforming the United States' juvenile justice system into one quite similar to its adult criminal justice counterpart. Today, modern advances in neuroscientific technology have broadened our understanding of the developmental differences in the juvenile brain and how the evolving structural and functional changes that occur in the adolescent brain impact their cognitive abilities and behavior. This increased understanding has accompanied a growing awareness that juveniles are fundamentally different from adults, and how we define justice for those who have not yet reached adulthood must evolve in tandem. Our legal system, beginning with the highest court in the land, has taken note. The Supreme Court of the United States' ruling in Roper v. Simmons (2005) became a landmark decision when it brought the constitutionality of executing juveniles to an end, recognizing that juveniles are developmentally distinct from adults. The Roper Court (2005) ruling set in motion a series of subsequent rulings regarding juveniles serving sentences of life without parole, eventually culminating in Pennsylvania Supreme Court's Commonwealth v. Batts (2017) decision that is the foundation of this dissertation. Using private interviews with a sample of judges from the Pennsylvania Criminal Court judiciary that have eith (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: John Wright Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Matt DeLisi Ph.D. (Committee Member); Francis Cullen Ph.D. (Committee Member); J.C. Barnes Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Criminology

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2023, Anthropology

The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate trends in prehistoric landscape use over time in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. To accomplish this goal, a private collection of stone tools was analyzed for the collection of several different metrics, including measurements, raw material source, and typology.

Committee: Joseph Gingerich (Advisor) Subjects: Archaeology

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 1954, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies

Committee: J. Russell Coffey (Advisor) Subjects: Education

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 1954, Human Movement, Sport and Leisure Studies

Committee: J. Russell Coffey (Advisor) Subjects: Education

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2021, Environmental Studies

Billions of dollars are invested annually in stream restoration in the United States. However, three centuries of landscape modification have fundamentally altered riverine ecosystems, and some current widespread stream restoration methods do not account for this. The restoration projects studied in this project removed legacy sediments and regraded the streams and banks to achieve a more historically accurate stream system, an anastomosing wetland-stream complex. This project analyzed historical water depth and precipitation data to determine the effect of the restoration on the hydrology of the system. A significant difference in the relationship between water depth and precipitation at all study sites pre-restoration to post-restoration was found. It was also found that post-restoration, rainfall led to a lesser increase in water level than pre-restoration, suggesting that floodplains were saturated and peak velocity was lowered, thus lowering erosion potential. Stream restoration methods should adjust their focus from aesthetic improvement to improvement ecological function and recreate streams as we now know they existed historically.

Committee: Natalie Kruse Dr. (Advisor) Subjects: Environmental Engineering; Environmental Science; Environmental Studies; Hydrologic Sciences; Hydrology; Water Resource Management

MA, Kent State University, 2001, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Anthropology

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Committee: Kenneth Tankersley Ph.D. (Advisor); Frances King Ph.D. (Committee Member); Marilyn Norconk Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Nutrition; Physical Anthropology

Bachelor of Science, Marietta College, 0, Petroleum Engineering and Geology

Located at the confluence of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers, Pittsburgh grew from a small colonial town to an American industrial giant over a span of a little more than one hundred years. Today, although no longer an industrial hub, Pittsburgh is still reliant on the remnants of the city's growth and its adaptation to geography. This project is an interdisciplinary study, combining geological and historical research, aimed to investigate the social implications of geology, geomorphology, and geography in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The city was initially divided by the three rivers in three distinct towns, Pittsburgh, Allegheny City to the north, and Birmingham to the south. Although divided, their growing industries and economies were intertwined, encouraging human adaptation through significant infrastructural developments such as bridges, inclines, and tunnels. Furthermore, the rivers, although divisive, also became an essential piece that connected Pittsburgh to the rest of the country. Rivers were used for transportation of goods by boat since Pittsburgh's founding, and the invention of the steam engine and establishment of railroads loaded the river banks and floodplains with tracks and stations throughout the city. Pittsburgh's identity lies in its bridges, inclines, and tunnels: infrastructural proof of the people's adaption to the divisive geography.

Committee: Wendy Bartlett MS (Advisor); McDaniel Katy PhD (Committee Member); Johnson Grace MA (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography; Geology; History

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Every place has a history, but not every place has a future. What happens to a place once its time has run out is usually always a mystery and this mystery grows when the reason a place loses itself is sparked from tragedy. In certain cases, these places struggle to hold on to what once was, or an attempt to rebuild happens. But in other cases, these “lost” places are overgrown and forgotten, leaving the areas to disappear along with all the memories and stories of those that lived there. Rather than follow the requirements of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, the Abandoned Mine Land (AML) program will be used to better solve the current underlying and possible future issues that the mining causes. By creating a palimpsest landscape using the future terrain created by surface mining along with aspects of historical pieces of the borough of Centralia, the new overall landscape will be able to play homage to the town, while helping clean up the surrounding areas and waterways, and contributing to Pennsylvania's growing tourism sectors.

Committee: Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

PHD, Kent State University, 2018, College of Public Health

At any given moment an estimated 11% of drivers are using some form of electronic device as noted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Pickrell & KC, 2009). In 2014, distracted driving related accidents produced an estimated 431,000 injuries and 3,179 fatalities nationwide with 404 of these fatalities directly associated with cell phone use (USDOT, 2016). Ohio, like the rest of the country, has had its share of injuries and fatalities associated with distracted driving. However, unlike other states, Ohio does not have a primarily enforced distracted driving ban for all drivers. Ohio legislators passed a secondary enforcement distracted driving ban for adult drivers and primary enforcement distracted driving ban for underage drivers. An attempt to explore which distracted driving text ban law type (primary or secondary) has a larger impact on injuries and fatalities as a result of automobile accidents was the goal of this study. To understand this, a direct comparison between primary and secondary enforcement law types was analyzed pre- and post-law implementation between Ohio and Pennsylvania using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System from 2010 through 2016. Texting while driving was not a significant factor in the rate of injuries and fatalities for Ohio and Pennsylvania. However, Ohio's secondarily enforced texting while driving ban seems ineffective at curbing increasing fatalities and injuries throughout the time period analyzed with an overall increase of 1.38%. Pennsylvania's injury and fatality rate was only insignificantly and marginally lower throughout the same time period with a primarily enforced texting while driving ban at 4.35%. It appears that just placing approved legislation on the books with the lack of enforceability or priority for enforcement is an issue that many states are facing. In order for injuries and fatalities to be reduced, the law must be consistently and effectively upheld by all members of law enforcement with (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Thomas Brewer (Committee Chair); Willie Oglesby (Committee Member); Peter Leahy (Committee Member); Eric Jefferis (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Public Administration; Public Health; Public Policy; Social Research; Transportation; Transportation Planning

MS, Kent State University, 2017, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Earth Sciences

The Upper Silurian Salina Group in Pennsylvania's Appalachian basin consists of 2,000+ feet of salt, which have been a significant influence on the tectonic & structural development of the Appalachian Mountains during the late Paleozoic. Understanding how halokinesis and decollement thrusting within the Salina Group has contributed to the present-day structure of the Appalachian Basin is of great importance due the organic-rich shale plays (Marcellus and Utica) currently being explored and developed within this region. Given that most of the seismic data collected from this region was before the advent of high-resolution 3D seismic surveys, a more detailed investigation of structures associated with the Salina Group was warranted. Based on preliminary examination of seismic data from North-Central Pennsylvania, I propose that the reactivation of basement faults during the Allegheny orogeny influenced halokinesis in the overlying Salina, and therefore acted as a control on the development of the salt cored anticlines and associated faulting in the overlying units. This was tested by detailed mapping of structures in the basement and in the Paleozoic sequence above and below the Salina, noting any spatial associations between the structures. Isochronopach maps and profiles were created and analyzed, to constrain the deformation of the Salina Group. Several faults were found within three primary stratigraphic sections of the seismic volume. Those are the above Salina Group (AB1 and AB2), Salina Group (S1, S2, and S3), and basement (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6). Along with T1, sub-divided into three stratigraphic sections; faulting ~50ms TWTT above top of basement; monoclinal folding and faulting within the Trenton-Black River Group; and faulting between ~1.5-1.8s TWTT. Further a pop-down structure is formed by salt evacuation between S1 and S2 is found from Inline 300 to Inline 90, being most developed at Inline 95 and 90. Structures found within the 3D volume (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Chris Rowan (Advisor); David Hacker (Committee Member); Daniel Holm (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1965, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2001, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Language

BA, Oberlin College, 2013, Art

The first part will explain the concept of community in the context of postindustrial theory. I will analyze the narrative of postindustrialism to argue that this concept of community constitutes not a reaction to a unique set of historical circumstances but rather a strategical shift in capitalist development. In the second part, I will describe how the perceived failure of architectural modemism inspired the theorization of the city as a phenomenological entity. I will describe how this conception of the city inspired efforts to systematize urban diversity through the development of a visual linguistics. The urban planning movement known as New Urbanism, I will argue, developed a successful systematization of diversity through an appeal to communitarian sentiment. The final part will discuss how the economic elite of Pittsburgh utilized postindustrial ideology to enact long-desired changes in the region's socioeconomic structure. Through an examination of commercial development and urban renewal in the late twentieth century, I will argue that New Urbanism provided a means of realizing the predictions of postindustrial theory and thus the directives of local economic interests. I aim to dispel the misconception that Pittsburgh and other industrial centers became postindustrial purely through economic inevitability or "natural" social development; my analysis will illustrate how the economic elite of these cities initiated this transition through an ideological and architectural campaign centered around the postindustrial concept of community.

Committee: (Advisor) Subjects: Economics; Sociology; Urban Planning

PHD, Kent State University, 2016, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

This dissertation is the first attempt to write the history of the commercial pottery industry in the United States. I argue that in the face of outside threats and government indifference, American producers occasionally discarded their competitive instincts and instead sought cooperation with one another to ensure the survival of the industry as a whole. Starting with the establishment of the three largest industrial producers (the Homer Laughlin China Company in Ohio and West Virginia, the Onondaga Pottery/Syracuse China in New York, and Shenango China in Pennsylvania), the first chapter looks at the early successes of these companies through dynamic leadership, innovative product design, and favorable market conditions as well as the establishment of a tradition of trade association. Chapters two and three outline the two major threats to the industry: the proliferation of low-cost imported and non-ceramic china and an American trade and tariff policy that disregarded the needs of small handicraft industries starting in the late 1930s. As foreign product flooded the country, American potters turned to a number of strategies to survive, many of which put competitors in the unique position of banding together to ease a threat bigger than their rivalry. Chapter four examines various marketing strategies employed by potters to carve out a place in a crowded market. Chapter five grapples with issues of labor by looking at the history of unionization in the potteries and positing whether it helped or hurt the workers of a declining industry. The final chapter deals with management's strategies to improve relations with their workers and communities through public relations and social responsibility while also noting the steps these companies took to keep an eye on one another. An epilogue traces the final decline of a large portion of the industry over the past forty years while paying special attention to Homer Laughlin as the final plant to survive. The actions of t (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kenneth Bindas PhD (Advisor); Clarence Wunderlin PhD (Committee Member); Gregory Wilson PhD (Committee Member); Jennifer Wiggins Johnson PhD (Committee Member); Janis Crowther PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; History; Labor Relations; Marketing; Modern History

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2015, Linguistics

This thesis compares the English spoken by a Beachy Amish-Mennonite church in Coshocton County Ohio with the English of Non-Mennonites in the same region. Although there is no previous research on this or any nearby Mennonite communities, previous research on the dialects of English spoken by Amish communities in the US suggests that differences from the regional standard are influenced by deliberate border maintenance, primacy of language in expressing ethnic identity, and interference from Pennsylvania German, known to speakers as “Dutchified English”. However, the wealth of diversity in related ethnic minority groups has not been tapped, and very little research has examined the English of Mennonites who generally choose a less conservative, and consequently more complex, balance between separation from and engagement with the outside world. The variables I focus on are initial th-stopping, final obstruent devoicing, and the low back vowel merger. The first two variables are documented for Amish English and various German bilingual communities. Th-stopping is also socially salient, and is associated with the more religiously orthodox groups in Holmes County, from which the Coshocton community distinguishes itself. I collected production and perception data from ten speakers in the Mennonite Church community and five non-Mennonite speakers from the same region, and I present here my findings of the use of th-stopping and final consonant devoicing, both of which are attested although neither are used categorically, and the low back merger, which is attested categorically in all Non-Mennonites, but in only one Mennonite speaker. This research is the first step in the description of Mennonite English in Ohio, and opens several avenues for further comparison. The perceptual data also has theoretical implications for the role of community identity and border maintenance in the way these Mennonites position themselves between their non-plain neighbors and the mor (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Brian Joseph (Advisor) Subjects: Linguistics

MA, Kent State University, 2015, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

Utilizing methodologies laid out by Kitch in Pennsylvania in Public Memory: Reclaiming the Industrial Past (2012), Linkon and Russo in Steeltown U.S.A.: Work and Memory in Youngstown (2002), and Stanton in The Lowell Experiment: Public History in a Postindustrial City (2006), this thesis examines how community memory affects the identity of a typical American Midwestern small town. Located in Western Pennsylvania, Greenville emerged as an industrial crossroads in the late nineteenth century linking Pittsburgh, Erie, and Cleveland via three railroad lines. After the relocation of several industries during the 1980s and `90s the community fell into decline and has since struggled. The Greenville Historical Society portrays the identity of Greenville as a transportation town, based on its history along an Erie Canal route and later as a hub for railroads. Yet for the modern community, this `transportation town' identity is but a shell of the past and a bitter reminder of what once was. Since the late twentieth century deindustrialization, there is a disconnect between the modern reality lived by the community and the historical identity reflected via local public history. Employing oral histories in comparison to primary and secondary sources, such as newspapers and town and county histories, this thesis examines several elements centered on community memory and small town history by focusing on how the community makes sense of its past and the importance of the town's history to the community's identity. Taking a `bottom-up' approach and focusing on the community as central to the story by drawing from social histories like Russo's Families and Communities: A New View of American History (1974), where he suggests that until the twentieth century, the “local community exerted the most profound and comprehensive influence on the lives of Americans,” Crucifix of Memory will examine three pivotal points within the history of Greenville. Chapter one will discuss the ea (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Kenneth Bindas Ph.D. (Advisor); Leslie Heaphy Ph.D. (Committee Member); Donna Deblasio Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: History; Urban Planning

MCP, University of Cincinnati, 2015, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Community Planning

Studies consistently show that economies based on natural resource extraction follow a boom and bust trend (Bramlet 2013; Martin 2012; Mertz 2013; Thibodeaux 2008; Warnica 2012; West 2012; Zremski 2013). As natural gas is being extracted in the United States at an unprecedented rate through the method of hydraulic fracturing (fracking), many questions have been raised regarding the efficacy and magnitude of stated economic benefits of natural gas extraction (West 2012). While research has been conducted on the environmental consequences of natural gas extraction (Magill 2013), relatively little research has emerged regarding the imposition of this resource extraction on existing communities where the fracking occurs (Cantarow 2013). This study documents the socioeconomic changes that have occurred since the introduction of fracking in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, currently the epicenter of Marcellus Shale extraction. It also links possible relationships between these socioeconomic changes to fracking activities, guided by past boom and bust models, in order to contribute to the understanding of socioeconomic patterns in existing communities when natural resource extraction becomes a major economic activity.

Committee: Carla Chifos Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Christopher Auffrey Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Natural Resource Management

Master of Arts, Oberlin College, 1951, Geography

In the early spring of 1950, the writer began a detailed study of the drainage patterns of the folded Appalachian mountains in Pennsylvania and Virginia. The study was undertaken in order to find if the nature of the folds (anticlinal or synclinal) could be determined by the drainage patterns alone.During this study, the writer noticed several drainage basins wherein the longitudinal subsequent stream flowed markedly closer to one of the flanking ridges than to the other. It was noticed that the ridge nearer the stream was lower than the opposite ridge. This phenomenon was well developed in anticlinal valleys. Further investigation showed that, in each anticline, the higher ridge was underlain by rocks dipping more gently than those underlying the lower ridge.

Committee: Charles Carlston (Advisor); Reuel Frost (Other); Frederick Foreman (Other) Subjects: Geography

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2014, Arts and Sciences: History

This dissertation considers how an anarchic and violent backcountry provided the setting for both Native Americans and backcountry farmers to resist the control of imperial and colonial institutions in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania, which ultimately transformed provincial society. Rural insurrections plagued Pennsylvania, but the causes and outcomes of these events are often only recorded by elite discourse. By contrast, this dissertation seeks to recover the various methods that backcountry yeoman farmers and Native Americans used to attain their goal of land possession and independence from the metropole. It examines the complex tasks of managing vast new spaces and resources, administering an army, and assimilating the Indian population within their broader social and cultural contexts through the analysis of archival sources, petitions, Indian treaties, and newspaper reports. The various perspectives of writers, traders, missionaries, diplomats, and interpreters enable us to recover the voices of the frontier. Pennsylvania's provincial officials tried to contain backcountry defiance by suppressing mobilization, guiding population relocation, enforcing justice, and securing boundaries between Euro Americans and Native Americans. The proprietary government also repeatedly sought to incorporate yeoman farmers and Indians into the political, economic and cultural orbit of Philadelphia. The tactics used to control the backcountry, however, further irritated relations between the government and frontier populations. The driving force behind these policies was the fear of insurrections, and violence that could descend upon the capital if not controlled. This dissertation illuminates both the culture of backcountry insurrections and the British periphery in eighteenth-century North America. Furthermore, it argues that the radical and anarchic characteristics of backcountry Pennsylvania contributed to the coming of the American Revolution, in contrast t (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Wayne Durrill Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Karim M. Tiro Ph.D. (Committee Member); Geoffrey Plank Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: American History