Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1943, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1961, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Home Economics

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1925, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1953, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Fine Arts

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, History

In the second half of the twentieth century, millions of Muslims left their countries of origins across Asia and Africa and permanently settled in Europe, Australia, and the Americas. In the United States, a large percentage of the Muslim migrants were in white-collar professions and used the time and resources that status afforded them to build thousands of institutions and organizations that facilitated the continued practice of their religion. This dissertation traces the process by which immigrants from at least eighty countries and hundreds more sects, cultural practices, and degrees of adherence coalesced into a distinct variety of “American” Islam. This structure was built from competing impulses regarding earlier Muslim presence: There was American lineage and legitimacy offered through the threads of antebellum enslaved Muslims, heterodox black American Muslim movements, and earlier Muslim immigrant groups. Yet the community that was wellestablished by the turn of the 21st century grew in part because of a desire to identify itself as a distinct and authentic practice of Islam, setting itself opposite the earlier and heterodox movements. Using organizational records, immigration and census data, oral histories, and intracommunity publications, this work traces the organic development of what is now a robust, modern, and singular practice of an ancient religion. American Islam has distinct, identifying hallmarks shared across the country and also reflects the hundreds of diversities in practice and identity. Threading this across Islamic history, the growth of American Islam is a cogent example of the strong correlation between the success of a Muslim civilization and its local culture and independence.

Committee: Peter Mansoor (Advisor); David Steigerwald (Advisor); Paula Baker (Committee Member); Judy Wu (Committee Member); Deborah Dash Moore (Committee Member); Patrice Hamel (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; American Studies; Ethnic Studies; History; Islamic Studies; Religion; Spirituality

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1961, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1946, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1972, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2024, Earth Sciences

Seasonal snow plays a large role in the water cycle and local ecosystem dynamics in snow dominated regions. However, two characteristics of the snowpack, the snow water equivalent (SWE) and density, are challenging to measure at scale. Modeling and remote sensing allow for the estimation of these characteristics at wide spatial scales, but practical limitations remain on our ability to estimate at a fine spatial fidelity, wide spatial extent, and daily temporal resolution. Regional Climate Models (RCMs) have been shown to successfully estimate SWE at basin-wide scales but remain too computationally expensive to run at sub-kilometer resolutions over large domains. In this thesis, I present two alternative methods to estimate daily SWE at a high spatial and temporal resolution on a basin-wide scale. The first, Blender, presented in Chapter 2, merges 9 km RCM estimates of SWE, precipitation, and top of the snowpack energy balance from the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model with remotely sensed snow cover fraction (SCF) measurements to produce 500 m estimates of SWE timeseries. Blender re-solves the mass and energy balance of the snowpack with a constrained non-linear optimization, forced by the timing of the snow on and off dates from the SCF data. Compared against 50 m LiDAR estimates of SWE from 18 Airborne Space Observatory (ASO) flights, Blender has an average spatial RMSE of 11.5% of maximum SWE, while the prior from WRF has an average spatial RMSE of 17% of maximum SWE. The mean absolute bias of the total basin snow water storage (SWS) for the Blender estimates is 7.3% in the winter, and 31.6% for the WRF prior. This method, Blender, requires ~ 20% extra computing time on top of the original WRF runs, and improves both the spatial RMSE and basin SWS absolute bias, all while better matching the melt timing to the remotely sensed SCF. In Chapter 3 we present the second method, Linear Blender, is a linearized version of Blender, Chapter 2. This meth (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Michael Durand (Advisor); Ian Howat (Committee Member); Jim Stagge (Committee Member); Demián Gómez (Committee Member) Subjects: Earth; Environmental Science; Geography

BS, Kent State University, 2024, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Biological Sciences

Bird-window collisions (BWC) have become an interest in the scientific community. However, there is still speculation regarding some of the drivers of these collisions. Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, USA was surveyed for deceased birds from BWC in 2023. Throughout the study, we monitored 8 buildings over 43 days. A total of 16 deceased birds, of eight species, were found. Our preliminary data suggests some buildings surveyed may have a greater potential for BWC. To contextualize our local findings, we compiled similar BWC data from 12 additional North American universities. We calculated the average number of birds found per day per building, allowing a comparison of the rate of collisions recorded on the Kent State campus to other universities. We found that the Kent State University campus appears to have fewer bird-window collisions than other universities. Similarly to another study of this type, we observed that because few incidents were observed throughout our study, we were not able to statistically examine environmental drivers of trends. However, several barriers to data synthesis were noted because not all studies observed the same reporting standards. We recommend thoughtful standardization of observation efforts across campuses as we continue to monitor campus buildings to gain a better understanding of how our university is affecting the nearby wildlife. Increasing our knowledge will allow us to make educated decisions about mitigation on our campus to provide a more eco-friendly campus and benefit the bird populations that we come into contact with.

Committee: Christie Bahlai (Advisor); Mark Kershner (Committee Member); Brian Grafton (Committee Member); Cameron Lee (Committee Member) Subjects: Ecology; Wildlife Conservation; Zoology

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2024, Data Science

The Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is a critical North American biodiversity research dataset. However, its raw form presents challenges in geospatial applications. This dissertation unveils the SaveBirds.app, an innovative web tool designed to transform BBS data into actionable insights for conservationists and ecologists. By calculating biodiversity metrics tailored to the specific geospatial areas of interest, SaveBirds.app streamlines the analytical process, enabling researchers to focus on their core expertise without the bottleneck of data manipulation. The application enhances BBS data use by providing user-friendly services to compute essential metrics such as species-specific Rarity Scores and geospatially contextualized biodiversity indices. SaveBirds.app mitigates reliance on data specialists and democratizes access to these metrics, fostering independent and inclusive research across the ecological community. Addressing critical gaps in the field, the SaveBirds app equips users with tools that complement the BBS Online Retrieval System (ORS), simplifies the complexity of raw data analysis, and allows for the rapid calculation of biodiversity metrics based on user-defined geospatial areas. The tool also resolves the need for more pre-fabricated atlases essential for biodiversity studies, often limited to static images, by enabling the swift generation and visualization of dynamic bird distribution atlases. Furthermore, the SaveBirds.app introduces an innovative ArcGIS model that expedites the atlas creation process from months to moments, delivering a suite of atlas types tailored to varying research needs. This capability is a substantial leap forward, conserving time and resources for ecologists. In summary, the SaveBirds.app aims to become a valuable resource for ecological research by facilitating a deeper understanding of avian biodiversity and fostering informed conservation decisions. Its launch paves the way for future integrations, such a (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Robert C. Green II Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Andrew Gregory Ph.D. (Committee Member); Qing Tian Ph.D. (Committee Member); Robyn Miller Ph.D. (Other) Subjects: Computer Science; Ecology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2023, History

This dissertation focuses on the development of the Lost Cause mythology in North Carolina between the 1880s to the 1920s. The Lost Cause is a racist and inaccurate view of the Civil War years promoted by Neo-Confederate Southerners. This dissertation argues that the Lost Cause developed primarily through the efforts of Neo-Confederate organizations like the United Daughters of the Confederacy. These individuals built a compound-public space that united grassroots movements with official governmental figures to promote the Lost Cause mythology. The formation of this compound-public space and its impact on the Lost Cause provided the necessary cultural support for the development of a Democratic-backed white supremacist campaign in North Carolina in 1898 conducted to reduce the political power of Republicans and African Americans, and to re-establish Democratic hegemony. This dissertation explores the ways in which Neo-Confederates constructed the compound-public space including: the role of politics, gender, religion, education, the media, and Confederate monuments with the express goal of increasing the political power of the Democratic Party.

Committee: Joan Cashin (Advisor); John Brooke (Advisor); Stephanie Shaw (Committee Member); Paula Baker (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Black History; Education History; Gender; Gender Studies; History; Journalism; Mass Media; Modern History; Religion; Religious History; Teacher Education; Womens Studies

MA, Kent State University, 2022, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Anthropology

This study presents the results of an experimental assessment of Clovis knife use. In this experiment we used seven replica Clovis point forms, representing the average and extremes of observed Clovis form, in two cutting tasks: rope cutting and clay cutting. Statistical comparison of cutting time, our measure of cutting efficiency, indicated differences among the knife forms in both tasks. These results, when considered with previous penetration and durability studies, are largely consistent with the hypothesis that the selection of functional attributes contributed to Clovis point evolution across North America. We also show that better knives serve as poorer points, and visa versa, but better knives are more durable than poorer knives.

Committee: Metin Eren (Advisor); C. Owen Lovejoy (Committee Member); Michelle Bebber (Committee Member); Alastair Key (Committee Member) Subjects: Archaeology

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2020, Art History

This thesis traces the niche that women have created for themselves in the tattoo community, with a focus on the United States. I discuss the relationship between increasing visibility for women in the tattoo industry and the shift in women's status in American culture. My study cincludes with contemporary tattooed women, including prominent female tattoo artists, collectors, and media personalities.

Committee: Jennie Klein (Advisor) Subjects: American Studies; Art History; Cultural Anthropology; Fine Arts; Gender Studies; Glbt Studies; Womens Studies

Master of Fine Arts, Miami University, 2020, Art

This study was designed to discover what strategies Christian couples with progressive values who are engaged to be married can use to plan a wedding that honors their beliefs and prepares them to be partners in a marriage that values egalitarian principles. Attitude changes in the last decade support progressive values and social reform in regards to wedding celebrations, however Christian couples who have progressive values continue to launch their marriage with a traditional wedding full of sexist traditions and gender normative implications. 22 survey participants, three of which were interviewed, were studied to learn their views on Feminism and wedding traditions. A website intervention was designed based on these responses that used marriage coaching during the wedding planning process by simulating wedding and marriage tasks. Through these solutions, the intervention was designed to help these couples establish a more egalitarian relationship, navigate relationship conflict, recognize sexist traditions while honoring and respecting their religious affiliation, and establish autonomy from family. The outcome of this design was tested on new participants, and this study reports results which revealed that participants required more incentive to interact with a marriage coaching service, and they valued counselors who had professional credentials or certifications.

Committee: Dennis Cheatham (Advisor); Zack Tucker (Committee Member); Allison Farrell (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Biblical Studies; Counseling Psychology; Design; Gender Studies; Individual and Family Studies; Psychotherapy; Religion; Social Psychology; Sociology

MA, Kent State University, 2020, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Anthropology

Endscrapers, comprising the most abundant tool class at Eastern North American Paleoindian sites, are flaked stone specimens predominately used for scraping hides. They are broken in high frequencies at Paleoindian sites, a pattern that has been attributed to Paleoindian use. However, previous experimental and ethnographic research on endscrapers suggests they are difficult to break. We present a series of replication experiments assessing the amount of force required for endscraper breakage, as well as the amount of force generated during human use. We also analyze which morphometric variable best predicts the breakage force. Our results demonstrate that human use comes nowhere close to breakage force, which is best predicted by endscraper thickness. Finally, we examine an actual Paleoindian endscraper assemblage, concluding that humans were not the cause of breakage. Taphonomic factors such as modern plowing, or trampling, are a much better potential explanation for the high breakage frequencies present Paleoindian sites.

Committee: Metin Eren (Committee Chair); Michelle Bebber (Committee Member); Linda Spurlock (Committee Member); C. Owen Lovejoy (Committee Member) Subjects: Archaeology

PHD, Kent State University, 2019, College of Arts and Sciences / School of Biomedical Sciences

North America's Old Copper Complex (6000-3000 BP) is a unique event in archaeologists' global understanding of prehistoric metallurgic evolution. For millennia, Middle and Late Archaic hunter-gatherers around the North American Upper Great Lakes region regularly made utilitarian implements out of copper, only for these items to decline in prominence and frequency as populations grew and social complexity increased during the Archaic to Woodland Transition. Yet, it may be reasonably asked whether these demographic and social factors are the only, or predominant, factors contributing to this evolutionary pattern. To answer this question, an extensive experimental program was initiated which compared replica copper tools to analogous tools made of stone or bone in order to better understand whether relative functional efficiency also contributed to the decline of utilitarian copper implements. This series of experiments consisted of a controlled ballistics study, a cutting efficiency and durability study, and a punching efficiency study using an Instron Materials Tester. This dissertation presents the results of these experiments, which support the hypothesis that overall tool functional efficiency played an important role in the evolution of the North American copper tool repertoire 3000 B.P.

Committee: Metin Eren PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Richard Meindl PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Mary Ann Raghanti PhD (Committee Member); Michael Fisch PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Archaeology; Materials Science

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2019, Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology

Protected areas play a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity, but it is unclear if these areas have an influence on genetic diversity. Since genetic diversity is a crucial component of a species ability to adapt and persist in an environment over long periods of time, its assessment is valuable when designating areas for conservation. As a first step towards addressing this issue, we compare genetic diversity inside and outside of protected areas in North America using repurposed data. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference between genetic diversity inside compared to outside of protected areas in 44 vertebrate species. A substantial portion of vertebrate species exhibit significant differences in the amount of intraspecific genetic diversity in a comparison between protected and unprotected areas. While our simulation testing suggests that this result is not an artifact of sampling, it is unclear what factors influence the relative amount of genetic diversity inside and outside of protected areas across species.

Committee: Bryan Carstens (Advisor); Lisle Gibbs (Committee Member); Andreas Chavez (Committee Member); Steve Hovick (Committee Member) Subjects: Conservation