Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1962, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2016, Human Ecology: Fashion and Retail Studies

In the western world, questions pertaining to modesty such as how much skin can one reveal or not reveal are being asked since it is seen heavily in the media and celebrity culture. As a function of dress, modesty is concerned with the concealing of oneself and the body (Flugel, 1930). This function has an impact on body image especially since most women experience normative discontent or a regular dissatisfaction with their appearance (Rodin, Silberstein, & Striegel-Moore, 1984). Researchers have actively been looking for ways to relieve poor body image, which include ways religious identity improves body satisfaction (Boyatzis, Kline, & Backof, 2007; Mahoney et al., 2005). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Christian identity on modesty and how modesty in many forms influenced body image. Using the social identity theory approach, Christian identity was conceptualized as a group identity, which had norms including modesty and beliefs about the body (Hogg & Reid, 2006; Tajfel & Turner, 1986; Terry & Hogg, 1996). These norms influenced definitions of modesty, which has been conceptualized in multiple ways including concealment, respect, purity, and humility (Andrews, 2011; Hahner & Varda, 2012). Body image and appearance has linkages to self-objectification(Fallon, 1990; McKinley & Hyde, 1996a). Through connecting these concepts of Christian identity, modesty, and body image, a model was developed. An online survey (n=428) with snowball sampling of Christian adult women was conducted to measure these concepts. It was hypothesized that Christian identity through religious orientation would positively impact modesty, which would then positively impact body image. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used to determine the validity and significant pathways of the model. It was found that the social aspect of extrinsic religious orientation impacted several types of modesty including contextual and esteem m (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Nancy A. Rudd PhD (Advisor); Seo Soobin PhD (Committee Member); Bujisic Milos PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Religion; Social Psychology; Womens Studies

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2015, Psychology/Industrial-Organizational

This study looked at how subordinates' impression management behaviors would influence supervisor perceptions of subordinates' warmth and competence, using gender as a potential moderator. To compare with impression management in western culture that typically intends to look better, we examined how Chinese supervisors viewed subordinates when subordinates intentionally impression managed to look worse than they actually were. Results showed that, whereas acting modestly were significantly and positively related with supervisor ratings of both warmth and competence, acting as a supplicant had a significantly negative effect on supervisor rating of warmth and competence. In addition, whereas modesty contributed more to predict competence evaluation, supplication contributed more to the prediction of warmth evaluation. However, gender did not show significant moderating effect on these relationships. Our research provided a unique perspective to consider impression management behaviors along with the specific cultural norms and values.

Committee: Scott Highhouse (Committee Chair); Matthews Russell (Committee Member); John Tisak (Committee Member) Subjects: Organizational Behavior; Psychology

Master of Family and Consumer Sciences (MFCS), Bowling Green State University, 2013, Food and Nutrition

Objective: This study's purpose was to better understand infant feeding practices in mothers of Mexican heritage as they acculturate. Design, Setting, and Participants: This phenomenological study of mothers of Mexican heritage with infants living in Northwest Ohio involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling until data saturation. Nine of 11 participant interviews were in Spanish, with most participants scoring below 2 on an acculturation scale indicating very Mexican or Mexican-oriented bicultural status. Outcome Measures and Analysis: All interviews were taped and transcribed. Thematic analysis was employed through the use of quotations. Data were mined for clarity to obtain more detail on patterns of themes. Results: The mothers exhibited an extensive understanding of breastfeeding's benefits. They described it as an easy, instinctive method associated with physical and mental health in infants, tradition, enjoyment, and gratification. Grandmothers were identified as the primary source of breastfeeding support, yet distance may weaken this help. Many participants shared the inconvenience (time, battle, pain, modesty) and uncertainty of breastfeeding (not knowing how much milk to give or if producing enough milk). Another major obstacle was employment (i.e. the lack of time, access to a breast pump, or place to pump). Affluence was perceived to provide more infant feeding options. Challenges often led participants to complement or replace breastfeeding with formula. Formula was thought to be adequate, although it was often associated with negative side effects (gastrointestinal, general health). Perception of preferred infant feeding in Mexico was breastfeeding whereas it was to be formula in the United States. In Mexico, breastfeeding was described as tradition and as an only option, whereas in the United States, breastfeeding was perceived as a choice. Conclusions and Implications: Responses suggested that infant (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Rebecca Pobocik (Advisor); Mark Earley (Committee Member) Subjects: Nutrition

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2008, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of)

Building architecture has become wasteful both in its process and product due to expectations, techniques, and requirements associated with designing and constructing architecture in modern times. This current process of architecture limits innovation and promotes ineffectiveness by segregating responsibilities while conforming to conventions. The problem calls for rethinking the approach to building where accountability moves to the forefront when assessing the project team as well as the design and construction strategies. The many components of architecture that combine to make up the whole need to be analyzed to determine their value and suitability for the intended use. The development of a lean architectural method will enhance the value of the final product by implementing control into the process that will yield improvements in the areas of cost, time, quality, and aesthetic value. Demonstration that the elements of architecture should be questioned individually in the areas of quality, craft, budget, schedule, and value in order to create modern enclosures that are effective, adaptable, and efficient compared to the traditional way of thinking about building.

Committee: Michael McInturf (Committee Chair); Vincent Sansalone (Committee Co-Chair) Subjects: Architecture