Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.), Xavier University, 2015, Psychology

Social acceptance and exclusion are integral aspects of using Social Network Sites (SNS). The current study investigated two main questions: 1) do prior findings concerning affective and behavioral responses to acceptance/exclusion obtained in real-world contexts generalize to the virtual world? and 2) what influence does trait narcissism have on the response to acceptance or exclusion within a virtual context? Using a psychology department participant pool, 209 participants (87 men; mean age = 20.19) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: acceptance, exclusion, and control. Treatment condition was one independent variable (IV). The second IV was high vs low trait narcissism (based on NPI score median split). Dependent variables (DV) were negative affect and displaced aggression. A single 3 x 2 MANOVA was conducted to determine the main and interaction effects of the two IV's and two DV's. Main effects for condition emerged for negative affect and displaced aggression, F(2, 203) = 8.09, p < .001; F(2, 203) = 5.12, p = .01, respectively. Participants led to believe they had been socially excluded showed significantly more negative affect compared to participants in the accepted condition, p = .001, and were significantly less likely to display displaced aggression compared to participants in the accepted condition, p = .006. Trait narcissism was not related to outcome, Wilks's lambda = .98, F(4, 404) = 1.03, p = .39, partial eta-squared = .01. The findings are inconsistent with past real-world research linking social exclusion with a neutral or numbed affective response and an aggressive behavioral response. Future research should investigate if the interpersonal distance provided by SNS can account for the differential affective outcomes, as well as if exposure to social media attenuates aggressive responding, while facilitating a more affiliative response.

Committee: Susan Kenford Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Janet Schultz Ph.D. (Committee Member); Karl Stukenberg Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Experiments; Social Psychology; Web Studies

MDES, University of Cincinnati, 2024, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Design

American cities and their mobility options often exclude many groups and individuals. This is an issue because mobility can create disabilities and amplify social factors of exclusion, resulting in larger societal problems. Urban mobility not being inclusive is connected to the design process not being inclusive. Inclusive design can bridge the gaps by considering a wider range of human diversity. However, designers and organizations often overlook or dismiss specialized inclusive methods due to concerns about resources and efficiency. This research proposes a full inclusive participatory approach to urban mobility design, combining conventional design methods and the participation of exclusion expert users, users from groups who experience exclusion named to emphasize their equity with designers, throughout the design process. This is studied through a case study comparing a designer group and a participatory group with designers and people with visual impairments working equitably together. Both groups worked on a mobility design solution for the Cincinnati Metro bus service. To provide valuable insights for designers specifically, the design process was captured, participants were interviewed throughout the design process, and mobility design experts evaluated the final solutions of both groups. Designers involved in the participatory group recognize the value of the approach in learning, inclusivity, and productivity, and want to advocate for it. Experts state that the approach could yield more inclusive products and improved implementation if the work on the project continued. To conclude, the benefits the approach brings to designers in the form of knowledge and awareness, to the process in terms of increased inclusivity while retaining efficiency and productivity, and to the solutions in higher inclusivity and resource feasibility outweigh the challenges of having team leaders prepare more upfront and organizations to community outreach. The approach of full (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Heekyoung Jung Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Alejandro Lozano Robledo M.Des. (Committee Member); Yong-Gyun Ghim M.Des. M.S. (Committee Member) Subjects: Design

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2024, Psychology

Introduction: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is commonly preceded and triggered by negative interpersonal experiences that cause emotional pain, particularly social exclusion. Physical and emotional pain are processed by similar neural pathways, leading to similar physiological and psychological responses. According to social pain theory, sufficiently painful experiences may lead to physical and emotional numbing in order to protect the body from experiencing unbearable pain. Interoceptive sensibility, defined as the conscious sensing, interpreting, and integrating of internal bodily sensations, is a core process needed to perceive internal states and physiological changes. By contrast, poor interoceptive sensibility results in emotional and physical “numbing”, during which individuals are less able to notice, describe, and respond to internal states, thereby diminishing one's connection to their body. This process removes a psychological barrier to self-harm and increases risk for future NSSI. In order to better understand the mechanisms that may increase risk for NSSI following experiences of social exclusion, the current project examined how experimentally-manipulated social exclusion impacted physiological and psychological processes including interoceptive sensibility and body ownership, and whether these changes translated to increased risk for NSSI. Method: Two hundred thirteen individuals were included in analyses. Of those, 93 had no history of NSSI and 120 had a history of NSSI thoughts and/or NSSI engagement. Participants completed several baseline measures before being randomly assigned to receive either exclusionary or inclusionary feedback through the Future Life paradigm. Participants then completed post manipulation measures of interoceptive sensibility, urge to self-injure, and perceived future likelihood of NSSI. Finally, they completed the Rubber Hand Illusion prior to debriefing. Results: Condition (alone vs. belong) was associated with interocep (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: April Smith Ph.D. (Advisor); Elizabeth Kiel Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Heather Claypool Ph.D. (Committee Member); Kevin Ballard Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Psychology

MFA, Kent State University, 2023, College of the Arts / School of Art

The transactional interplay between “Blackness” and “whiteness” is a dysfunctional melody that sets the tone for America's inner workings. This is particularly true for those who fit the description of a Magical Body. A Magical Body as defined by sociologist; Tressie Mcmillian Cottom are "bodies that society does not mind holding up to take the shots for other people. Magical bodies are bodies that have negative things done to them so other people can be conformable. Magical bodies are seen as self-generating, and as not requiring any investment from the state or from other people.” It is in the mundane that the members of my family represented in this body of work are consistently confronted with the reality of what it means to be a Magical Body. More importantly, it is in the mundane that my family has continued to live, love, and celebrate our existence. The body of work titled Magical bodies is an exploration of the lack of representation of Black people figures in art historical canon. This work focuses on making space for Black figures to counter act the notion of erasure in the canon.

Committee: Janice Garcia (Advisor); Eli Kessler (Committee Member); Davin Banks (Committee Member) Subjects: African American Studies; African Americans; African History; African Studies; American History; Art Criticism; Art History; Black History; Ethics; Fine Arts; Personality; Spirituality

MA, Kent State University, 2023, College of the Arts / School of Art

Sonia Delaunay-Terk's landmark artist's book La Prose du Transsiberien et de la Petite Jehanne de France (1913, with text by Blaise Cendrars) can be viewed as a case study in gender exclusion in the canon, which has repercussions felt by twenty-first century book artists, most notably with respect to Kitty Maryatt (b. 1945), Maryatt's limited-edition work, La Prose du Transsiberien Re-creation (2018–Present) and its twenty-five fine bindings, and a 2008 facsimile of La Prose du Transsiberien by Yale University. This thesis will provide a comparison of women in book arts in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, with a narrative of both projects and their critical reception. This thesis defines the term “book arts”, discusses the terms “fine art” versus “design,” and evaluates how those terms—and the perception of their practitioners—are inflected by gender. By providing timelines and brief biographical assessments of Delaunay-Terk and Maryatt, this thesis examines two different contexts of making, and touches on methods of visibility used (or not) by each. This thesis provides a detailed glossary of terms used in art historical and book history parlance, because these disciplines apply different meanings to the same words. As the fields of art history and book history are highly related, yet exhibit semantic discordance, this thesis aims to provide a considerate appraisal of how the fields' vocabularies may have inadvertently discounted creative output from the twentieth century, if not earlier still.

Committee: Marie Gasper-Hulvat (Advisor); Albert Reischuck (Committee Member); Renee Roll (Committee Member) Subjects: Art Criticism; Art History; Gender; Gender Studies; Museum Studies; Womens Studies

Doctor of Education, Ashland University, 2022, College of Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of implicit bias in the referral process for special education. The study explored the relationship between independent variables such as student and teacher race/ethnicity, gender of teacher, teachers' years of teaching experience, and how likely teachers would refer a male student for special education and if there are significant differences in teacher rating of severity based on a student's race/ethnicity in Ohio's eight large urban school districts. This qualitative, correlational study used a survey methodology that included pictures to examine if student and teacher demographic variables predicted how likely a teacher would refer Black and Latino male students for special education evaluation. Critical race theory and social exclusion theory guided this research. Results from a Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and ANOVA revealed that years of teaching experience was associated with a higher likelihood to refer, and an increase in level of severity was also associated with a higher likelihood to refer. The findings showed a direct correlation between years of experience, likelihood to refer, and severity of behavior rating. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the trends in the nominal-level variables. Means and standard deviations were used to summarize the continuous-level variables.

Committee: Judy Alston (Committee Chair) Subjects: African American Studies; African Americans; Education; Special Education; Teaching

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2022, Psychology

Negative social acknowledgment may help recovery processes following belonging-threats. However, because of different properties of being rejected versus ignored, this effect may vary as a function of the type of belonging-threat. In this work, I predicted that ignored people would receive more benefits in recovery from negative social acknowledgment than would rejected people. In Study 1, I expected that negative social acknowledgment would promote belonging recovery, and this effect would be more pronounced after being ignored (versus rejected). In Study 2, I expected negative social acknowledgment to reduce ignored participants' aggressive intentions to a greater extent than rejected participants' aggressive intentions. Neither prediction was supported. Instead, the results indicated that encountering negative social stimuli hindered belonging recovery and induced aggressive intentions for both ignored and rejected participants. Possible explanations for these unexpected results are discussed.

Committee: Heather Claypool (Advisor); Monica Schneider (Committee Member); Allison Farrell (Committee Member); Amy Summerville (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology; Social Psychology

Master of Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2022, Biology

Matrix population models are a prevalent and useful tool for modeling populations in ecology. Stochasticity, meanwhile, is used in ecological modeling to reflect the natural variability in any population's environment and demographic rates. In this thesis, I explore the role of stochasticity, or randomness, in ecological matrix models. Firstly, I use a Leslie-style matrix model to explore how variation in the carrying capacity of generalist avian predators suggests a mechanism by which developmentally synchronized cohorts of periodical cicadas, called “broods", overcome competitive exclusion by their parent brood, and thereby synchronize mass emergence in a different year. Then, I derive a method to analyze which sources of process noise contribute most strongly to state covariance in matrix models. We thus provide a method complementary to the population viability analysis that may help to reduce stochastic extinction risk, and apply the method to a species of conservation concern, the desert tortoise.

Committee: Karen Abbott (Advisor); David Gurarie (Committee Member); Peter Thomas (Committee Member); Gabriella Wolff (Committee Chair) Subjects: Applied Mathematics; Biology; Ecology

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2020, Biochemistry

DNA origami is a collection of DNA strands assembled into nanometer-sized devices which have potential uses in several pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. A major limitation in the current iterations of DNA origami machines is that the constructs have a highly specific response to nucleic acids, thus limiting the range of ligands the nanodevices can sense and respond towards. Riboswitches are a class of RNA elements that regulate mRNA through binding with a diverse range of ligands. Once a ligand is bound to the RNA, it induces a conformational change that sequesters or exposes a sequence known as the regulatory platform. Through engineering the regulatory platform to be complementary to DNA origami binding sequences, a system was devised in which a riboswitch acts as an adaptor molecule that enables the DNA origami to sense small ligands. In this study, DNA hinges were repurposed to anneal to the regulatory platform of SMK, a small SAM binding riboswitch. Through monitoring SAM binding to SMK with 3H-SAM size exclusion assays, we planned to validate the premise of this novel riboswitch-DNA origami system. SAM binding assays gave conflicting results, causing the current state of the project to be inconclusive. However, there are several optimizations that may be pursued in future studies.

Committee: Jackman Jane Ph.D (Advisor); Henkin Tina Ph.D (Advisor) Subjects: Biochemistry; Microbiology; Molecular Biology; Nanotechnology

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2020, Anthropology

A multiplicity of actors and social processes have divided Brazil's urban geography into areas of favela versus asfalto, respectively, the periphery and formal areas of the city. Using a conceptual framework of space and place, this research seeks to position the favela of Serrinha, Brazil at the intersection of these processes. Employing ethnographic data gathered over the course of eight weeks of fieldwork in Serrinha, the study first navigates the Brazilian urban dichotomy and locates the favela of Serrinha in the city of Florianopolis. In doing so, it assesses the constructs of place-identity and attachment that Serrinha residents express and engage with. I found that residents actively mobilize social systems and institutions within the neighborhood, emotional bonds to autoconstructed homes, and even their negative experiences of exclusion from Florianopolis to structure a cohesive sense of place. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that Serrinha's existence is constantly being negotiated with other neighborhoods and global processes.

Committee: Smoki Musaraj Dr. (Advisor) Subjects: Cultural Anthropology; Geography; Regional Studies; Social Research

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, Chemistry

The elucidation of protein structure and the interactions of proteins with each other, with ligands, and with other (bio)molecules is a critical step in the understanding of their biological function. Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has emerged as an advantageous technique to study critical attributes of biomolecular complexes. Surface-induced dissociation (SID) is a tandem MS activation method that provides valuable information on biomolecular complex connectivity, relative location of ligand binding interfaces, and relative strength of interaction interfaces between subunits. This dissertation focuses on the implementation and application of SID in high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometers and the development of non-denaturing separation techniques coupled to native mass spectrometry. SID has previously been incorporated into time-of-flight (TOF) and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers; however, implementing SID in Orbitrap instruments provides a combination of resolution, speed, and sensitivity that increases the range of samples amenable to nMS-SID analysis. The first part of this work describes the design, fabrication, and implementation of SID into high mass range Orbitrap mass spectrometers. The performance of the modified instruments was benchmarked by analyzing well-studied protein complexes and comparing the results to those previously obtained on well-established SID instrument platforms. Next, the high-resolution capabilities of the SID-Orbitrap instrument were used to probe the relative location of ligand binding within pentameric protein complexes. It was shown that ligands are largely retained on subcomplexes generated by SID and that the stoichiometry of ligand to subcomplex can be used to differentiate between protein complexes that bind ligands at the interface of subunits, and complexes that bind ligands within individual subunits. Transferring samples into MS-compatible solution conditions is time consuming an (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Vicki Wysocki (Advisor) Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Biochemistry; Chemistry

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2019, Chemistry and Biochemistry

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is by far the most important separation technique in analytical chemistry. It is an essential separation technique that has been extensively used in science and industry fields. However, this technique has some drawbacks such as the harmful environmental impact due to the thousands of gallons of toxic organic solvents used as a mobile phase, which usually end up as waste. An RPLC developed method used methanol and acetonitrile as organic solvents and compared the efficiency and selectivity of these solvents using the same C18 column to separate terephthalic acid (TPA) and eight of its contaminants. Methanol showed a different selectivity and faster separation than acetonitrile. The developed method was successfully used to analyze two different industrial samples. Using surfactants in the RPLC mobile phase (MP) has many advantages such as decreasing the environmental impact, lower cost, higher efficiency in separating structural isomers, and, most importantly, the ability to inject samples directly with minimal treatment. Tween 20 was used for what we believe is the first time to dynamically coat a C18 column, which was used to separate TPA impurities. The developed method is simple, fast, green and showed excellent coated column stability. The analysis took only 19 minutes to achieve baseline separation. This method was successfully applied to measure TPA contaminants in industrial samples. There is little published literature reporting the use of ultra-high performance micellar liquid chromatography (MLC); it seems the surfactants Tween 20 and Tween 40 have never been used in this mode as mobile phase components. Cinnamic acid derivatives are well known for their antioxidant properties, and they are present in food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and supplements. A comparison study included separation of nine cinnamic acids (CA) derivatives using Tween 20 and Tween 40 in the ultra-high-performance MLC mode. In general, th (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Neil Danielson (Advisor); Andre Sommer (Committee Chair); Benjamin Gung (Committee Member); Ellen Yezierski (Committee Member) Subjects: Analytical Chemistry; Chemistry

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2019, Psychology

Three studies examined the possible impact of social exclusion on dementalization, a possible moderator of this hypothesized relation, and its possible downstream consequence on aggressive behavior. In a Pilot Study, participants were included or excluded by co-players they knew were computer avatars and then rated how much mind they perceived in one of those co-players. Excluded participants ascribed the co-player less mind than did included participants, providing preliminary support for the hypothesis that exclusion triggers dementalization. Study 1 examined a possible boundary condition for this effect, determining whether the exclusion-dementalization link holds for novel “bystander” targets or is specific to perpetrators. Results replicated for perpetrator targets but did not seem to extend to novel bystanders. In Study 2, I examined whether dementalization is one mechanism that can explain why exclusion often triggers aggressive behavior. Contrary to my prediction, I failed to find evidence that dementalization is a catalyst for aggressive behavior following exclusion. Across three studies, I found supportive evidence that exclusion prompts dementalization of perpetrator targets. However, based on the results of the later studies, this effect appears unique to perpetrators and cannot account for the exclusion-aggression link.

Committee: Heather Claypool (Advisor) Subjects: Psychology; Social Psychology

Doctor of Education (Educational Leadership), Youngstown State University, 2019, Department of Teacher Education and Leadership Studies

African American students continue to be suspended at rates disproportionate to sameaged peers. Exclusionary practices in America's public schools lead to a decrease in a positive school climate, an increase in suspension rates, an increase in drop-out rates, and an increase in interactions with juvenile and criminal justice systems. Supported by decades of research, entities from the American Academy of Pediatrics (2003) to the United States Department of Education (DOE) Office of Civil Rights (2014) have called for a reduction in overall suspensions and expulsions, and an eradication of the discipline gap between African American students and Caucasian students. Thus far, schools have struggled to implement programs and interventions to successfully reduce the discipline gap. Restorative Justice (RJ) or Restorative Practices (RP) have been utilized, with success, in Native American cultures, in countries such as Australia and New Zealand, and in juvenile and criminal justice systems. Within K-12 public schools, the use of RJ and its impact is beginning to be examined for efficacy. The purpose of this study is to use statistical analysis to determine the impact of RJ on a large urban district by studying discipline gap data for the four years prior to implementation and four years after implementation. This is the first known study of the impact of RJ in the San Francisco United School District (SFUSD). Results of the study indicate that the implementation of RJ in the SFUSD resulted in a significant decrease in expulsions, but not in suspensions. Current data confirms that a discipline gap between African American students and Caucasian students is still prevalent. A surprising result of the study, when compared to other recent research in the area, is the indication that RJ in the SFUSD had the greatest positive correlation with the reduction of exclusionary practices at the middle school level. A final look at the demographics of both the SFUSD certificated staf (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Karen Larwin PhD (Advisor); Patrick Spearman PhD (Committee Member); Tiffany Hughes PhD (Committee Member); Matthew Paylo PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: African Americans; Education; Multicultural Education

Doctor of Education (Educational Leadership), Youngstown State University, 2019, Department of Teacher Education and Leadership Studies

The acculturation of refugee-immigrant students is a complex process. The acculturation strategies of refugee-immigrant students are dependent upon the dominant society's acculturation expectations. There is ample research to support that refugee-immigrants prefer integration as an acculturation strategy (Berry, 2015). However, integration cannot be truly successful unless the dominant society promotes multiculturalism. The present study used a framework of the Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies (MIRIPS) and the Theories of Prejudice Scale to investigate the dominant society's (teachers) attitudes about the acculturation of refugee-immigrant students (non-dominant group). The constructs investigated were acculturation expectations (multiculturalism, melting pot, segregation, exclusion), multicultural ideology, and the mindset (fixed or growth) towards the malleability of prejudice. The present study also investigated the relationships between these constructs. Online surveys were sent to the teachers of refugee-immigrant students from a midwestern public school district resulting in 50 participants. The findings revealed that participants in the study preferred the acculturation strategy of multiculturalism, had a positive multicultural ideology, and had a growth mindset towards the malleability of prejudice. Despite the high scores in these constructs, a Pearson's Correlation Coefficient test found no statistical significance findings. This was due to the lack of variability in the responses, as all respondents had high scores in multiculturalism, multicultural ideology, and growth mindset. However, findings also revealed a strong relationship between multicultural ideology and the acculturation strategies of melting pot and segregation. The findings have implications to teacher professional development in multicultural education and future research. School districts with refugee-immigrant students can replicate this study to assess if teacher acti (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jane Beese PhD (Committee Chair); Chuck Vergon JD (Committee Member); Patrick Spearman PhD (Committee Member); Xin Liang PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Cultural Anthropology; Multicultural Education; Teacher Education

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2018, Psychology

This work examined the impact of social exclusion on risk assessment for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. I tested two theoretically plausible and competing hypotheses: that social exclusion might facilitate (1) insensitivity (or indifference) to warning signs of IPV or (2) hypersensitivity to warning signs of IPV. To test these hypotheses, participants wrote about a time they experienced exclusion or academic failure (control) and then completed an IPV risk assessment, along with measures of possible mediators (basic needs, hostile cognitive bias) and moderators (fear of negative evaluation, social support, IPV history, and perspective-taking) of the anticipated effects. Unexpectedly, neither hypothesis was supported; independent-samples t-tests revealed no significant difference in risk assessment between excluded and non-excluded respondents. However, results revealed a significant indirect effect on risk assessment via relational needs, such that exclusion lowered relational needs, and lowered relational needs predicted a greater latency in leaving an abusive relationship. Implications from both social psychological and clinical perspectives are discussed.

Committee: Heather Claypool Dr. (Committee Chair); Jonathan Kunstman Dr. (Committee Member); April Smith Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology

MA, University of Cincinnati, 2018, Arts and Sciences: Classics

The use of visual media has always been central in the communication of messages of social, political, economic, and religious status. Inclusion and exclusion of certain forms from the vocabulary of certain media and from certain contexts can convey powerful messages to the viewers of these forms. This analysis focuses on aspects and choices of decoration in the Late Bronze Age Aegean, which indicate social status and convey political messages. More specifically, non-pictorial textile motifs occurring in the LM IA to the LM IIIA1 periods are examined, through preserved depictions on wall paintings, and the socially meaningful inclusion and exclusion of these textile motifs from contemporary pottery decoration of Akrotiri and Crete. This examination suggests that textile motifs are indicative of elite status, often religious. Elaborate textiles were luxurious goods, and as such they functioned as markers of participation in prestigious social, economic, and knowledge networks. It is shown that the textile motifs under examination are excluded from LM IA pottery, have a limited application on LM IB pottery, and are predominant in LM II and LM IIIA1 pottery. The exclusion of non-pictorial textile motifs from LM IA pottery is a meaningful choice and suggests that the elites do not consider pottery an effective medium to express their ideology. The limited inclusion of textile motifs on LM IB pottery of restricted circulation is equally meaningful. Pottery in this period is used to convey messages of elite ideology over a wide spatial distribution in Crete. The popularization of non-pictorial textile motifs by their extensive use on LM II and LM IIIA1 pottery signals a sharp break with the preexisting tradition. This shift constitutes part of a package of changes that are introduced in Crete in this period, in which the palace of Knossos plays a central role, and which are closely related to the new sociopolitical situation on the island of Crete. The popularization o (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Eleni Hatzaki Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jack Davis Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Archaeology

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2018, Biological Sciences

Over 90 percent of the historical wetlands in the Ohio portion of Lake Erie drainage have been lost, and of those that remain many are diked wetlands that have no surface water connection to Lake Erie. Recent restoration efforts have been made to reconnect these wetlands with the focus of allowing fish species to access these productive wetland habitats. In order to quantify and model the timing of fish movement into one of these reconnected wetlands, a high frequency sonar system (DIDSON) was used during spring of 2017. While all fish entering and leaving the wetland were ensonified, analysis was focused on the highly sought after native Northern Pike and invasive Common Carp to investigate if there are temporal differences in spring spawning migrations between the two species. Additionally, to investigate how fish communities respond when given time after wetland reconnection occurs, an additional study was conducted by sampling fish communities using seine hauls in a variety of coastal Lake Erie wetlands. Wetlands selection was based on encompassing a gradient of time since they were connected to Lake Erie. Wetlands that were only periodically connected to Lake Erie or were very recently reconnected were found to have lower fish diversity.

Committee: Jeff Miner Ph.D (Advisor); John Farver (Committee Member); Robert Huber (Committee Member); Geoffrey Steinhart (Committee Member); Dan Weigman (Committee Member) Subjects: Ecology; Freshwater Ecology; Natural Resource Management

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2018, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

There is a disconnect between Cincinnati's core and its principal university, the University of Cincinnati (UC). Cincinnati's Uptown, which is home to UC, is isolated from the city's downtown. Clifton Heights and Over-the-Rhine (OTR) are border communities of Uptown and Downtown, respectively, that are positioned on opposite sides of a steep hillside green space that effectively divides the city along social and economic lines. However, during the first half of the twentieth century, the two communities were connected via an incline and an extensive public stair system. Since that time, most of this infrastructure has been either wholly or partially removed and many interstitial hillside dwellings razed. A variety of factors likely influenced the removal of these built works, including instability, lack of maintenance, lack of funding, low use, security concerns, and racial animus. In any case, decreased connectivity has likely disproportionately affected the low-income, black population at the base of the hill, as car ownership is less prevalent in that group. In addition, despite nearness in proximity, with some student housing just a quarter of a mile away from popular attractions in OTR, the student population above perceives the neighborhood as a destination rather than a neighbor. Chief among potential interventions that would increase connectivity and a shared sense of urbanism is the reintroduction of the Elm Street stairs that once connected the two communities, a gondola lift spanning the extent of the hill, and an extension of the existing street grid on the hillside between the neighborhoods. Complimenting these infrastructure improvements, private mixed-use development could occupy newly built roads and capitalize on newfound connectivity. Such transit-oriented development, albeit on a larger scale, has proven successful throughout the nation. However, care must be taken to ensure that housing is apportioned in an equitable fashion, especially given t (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Chair); Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2018, Psychology

Two distinct ideologies have dominated discourse and research on managing diverse groups of people: colorblindness and multiculturalism. Previous research indicates that non-Hispanic Whites react more negatively to multiculturalism because they perceive diversity efforts as exclusionary of their group. However, it remains unclear whether this perceived exclusion triggers social identity threat. Across 4 studies and over 1,000 participants, we examined whether Whites express greater indicators of social identity threat when considering a multicultural versus colorblind ideology. The results consistently indicate that a multicultural ideology does not represent a social identity contingency for Whites in general, Whites higher in ethnic identification, nor Whites higher in need to belong. Additionally, explicitly mentioning Whites in an all-inclusive multicultural ideology does not reduce indicators of social identity threat. The collective evidence suggests Whites respond similarly to colorblind and multicultural framings of diversity, and points to a promising path for facilitating positive intergroup relations.

Committee: Jennifer Crocker PhD (Advisor); Steven Spencer PhD (Committee Member); Kentaro Fujita PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology