MS, Kent State University, 2023, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Earth Sciences

Piping or internal erosion has been responsible for almost half of all dam failures worldwide. In this research, we studied the influence of grain size heterogeneity, as characterized by sediment size (d50) and the uniformity coefficient (Cu), on piping potential. A novel experimental setup was designed in-house that included sediment mass, pressure, and turbidity sensors allowing the examination of transient changes during piping events. Porosity and conductivity were analyzed in order to compare trends across varying grain size distributions. Mass values of soil lost during piping failure via a continuous mass balance and a turbidity meter to capture fines that remain in suspension were both utilized to capture the magnitude of piping failure. Minute Piping and Clogging events that are only able to be captured via the pressure transducers were recorded during this experiment, adding complexity to the onset of piping phenomena. The smaller the Cu, the less clogging events occurred before piping failure. It was noted that these minute piping and clogging events would stabilize as the sediment column reached equilibrium. This research allows for further studies to expand on these piping and clogging events as well as depicted trends between soil heterogeneity and piping potential.

Committee: Kuldeep Singh (Advisor); David Hacker (Committee Member); Anne Jefferson (Committee Member) Subjects: Civil Engineering; Earth; Engineering; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Geology; Experiments; Geology; Hydrologic Sciences; Hydrology; Soil Sciences

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2023, Engineering and Applied Science: Environmental Engineering

Two commonly used receptor models, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance with Gas Constraint (CMB-GC), are applied to PM2.5 speciation data at 12 Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) sites. Source apportionment results using the two receptor models are analyzed and compared. The PMF-generated factor profiles and contributions vary from site to site apportioning the local source variability. The major factors resolved include Biomass Burning, Secondary Nitrate, Secondary Sulfate, Industrial Mixture, and Dust. The CMB-GC source apportionment was carried out using nine source categories: Diesel Vehicles (DV), Gasoline Vehicles (GV), Dust (DUST), Biomass Burning (BURN), Coal Combustion (COAL), and Ammonium Sulfate, Ammonium Bisulfate, Ammonium Nitrate, and Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC). In comparison to PMF, the CMB-generated profiles obtained may not be locally representative. CMB-GC was conducted using measurement-based source profiles (MBSPs). To account for regional-specific emissions of biomass burning, PMF-based Biomass Burning factor as a proxy for regionally specific emissions. Both models are able to identify major sources at all sites, though the degree of agreements and correlations between source impacts estimated by PMF and CMB-GC varies depending on sources and receptor sites.

Committee: Simone Balachandran Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jun Wang Ph.D. (Committee Member); Mingming Lu Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Environmental Engineering

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2021, Geological Sciences (Arts and Sciences)

Past geological, geochemical and geophysical studies by LaGeo have shown the presence of a 12 km2 geothermal reservoir at San Vicente Geothermal Field (SVGF) . This reservoir has an estimated thickness of 600 to 1200 m underneath a 600 to 800 m thick capping rock. All this located under the northern flank of San Vicente volcano. Potential drilling targets for geothermal exploitation are determined through visual geographical correlation of geological, geochemical and geophysical variables. However there are statistical methods such as geographical weighted regression and cluster analysis that allow us to establish statistical correlation between the geochemical and geophysical variables that are related to fluid storage and flow. Carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuse degassing and other gases, and geophysical variables such as resistivity and gravity, are related to high permeability areas, such as faults, and underground fluid movement within a geothermal field. In order to establish more accurate drilling targets for geothermal exploitation, a better and more objective data interpretation can be achieved by establishing the statistical correlation of CO2 diffuse degassing to other geochemical or geophysical variables. We have used Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models via computer program GWR4 to determine the statistical correlation between the space dependent geophysical and geochemical variables. Data from San Vicente Geothermal Field in El Salvador was used to determine the spatial correlations between CO2 soil concentration and the concentrations of He, 222Rn, 220Rn, Hg, resistivity and gravity measurements. Bivariate GWR showed statistically significant correlations between CO2 diffuse degassing, He concentration, Hg concentration, 222Rn concentration, 220Rn concentration and Magneto-telluric measurements. He concentration had the greatest statistical weight (푅푝 2 = 0.55, F = 7.21, p < 0.001). Stepwise multivariate GWR was applied and the most stati (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Dina Lopez Dr (Advisor); Katherine Fornash Dr (Committee Member); Schenk Xizhen Dr (Committee Member) Subjects: Earth; Energy; Environmental Geology; Geochemistry; Geographic Information Science; Geology; Natural Resource Management; Statistics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, Geodetic Science

Quantitative assessment of the mass balance of polar ice sheets plays an important role in better understanding the response of ice sheets to anthropogenic climate change, the present-day and future global sea level change, and interactions between the ice sheets and the atmosphere, ocean and the solid Earth. In this study, I investigate the mass balance of Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets using Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) twin-satellite missions gravity data from April 2002 to August 2020. Auxiliary gravity data from the Swarm mission 3-satellite constellation are also used to support the analysis bridging the GRACE/GRACE-FO data gap (July 2017 to May 2018). Ensemble models are composed combining the official GRACE temporal gravity solutions from CSR, GFZ, JPL and the in-house developed GRACE models using the improved energy balance approach (EBA). The improved atmospheric de-aliasing data produced using the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) data product, and 3-dimensional atmosphere mass computational algorithms are collectively used. The Swarm gravity models are also ensemble of four solutions produced from the kinematic orbit data using four different gravity recovery methods. Post-processing of the gravity models includes replacing low degree spherical harmonic terms (geocenter motions, J2 and J3), destriping filtering, Gaussian smoothing, glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), forward modeling based signal leakage reduction and ellipsoidal correction. The satellite gravimetric data show that during the period of 2002/04-2020/08, Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets experience rapid mass losses at mean rates of -235.6±3.8 Gt/yr and -122.6±4.6 Gt/yr respectively, equivalent to 0.65 mm/yr and 0.34 mm/yr global sea level changes. In spatial domain, the southern part (including southeast and southwest regions) of Greenland contributes 52.3% of the total Green (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: C.K. Shum (Advisor); Michael Bevis (Committee Member); Howat Ian (Committee Member); Wei Feng (Committee Member) Subjects: Climate Change; Earth; Geophysics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, Geodetic Science

The temporal gravity solutions estimated from NASA/DLR's Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, and its successor, NASA/GFZ's GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO), manifested as mass transports within the Earth system, have been used for a wide variety of Earth Science and climate change studies since 2002. However, there is an around one-year gap between the two satellite gravity missions (2017-2018). ESA's fifth Earth Explorer Mission, the Swarm 3-satellite constellation, equipped with geodetic quality GNSS tracking system, was proposed to fill the gravimetry observation climate record data gap, at a moderate spatial resolution. Here, I applied a modified decorrelated acceleration approach to recover temporal gravity field using the 3-satellite Swarm constellation GPS tracking data. This approach is based on the simple linear relation between the second time derivative of the orbit and the gravitational acceleration. However, the time derivative could highly amplify the noise and make the noise correlated. In addtion, GPS positioning also involves correlation noise. Therefore, two linear transformations were introduced to decorrelate the observation noise. Next, two adjustment methods were studied to optimally combine the three gravity components, namely along-track, cross-track, and radial direction, along with introducing relative weights among orbital arcs for the final optimal gravity field estimation. The Swarm-only temporal gravity solutions have a good to excellent agreement with the overlapping GRACE/GRACE-FO solutions at least up to spherical harmonics degree around 13 (~1500 km, half-wavelength). Swarm-only temporal gravity solutions were then used to fill the mass change data gap over Greenland and West Antarctica ice-sheets during 2017-2018. Over Greenland, Swarm observed mass anomalies agreed well within the time epochs that overlaped with GRACE (correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.62), and GRACE-FO (CC=0.78). Within the data gap year, Swarm ob (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: C. K. Shum Dr. (Advisor); Michael Bevis Dr. (Committee Member); Ralph von Frese Dr. (Committee Member); Lei Wang Dr. (Committee Member); Dah-Ning Yuan Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Geophysical; Geophysics

MS, Kent State University, 2019, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Earth Sciences

Manganese (Mn), an essential nutrient critical for photosynthesis in plants but a toxic element in excess, impacts the fate and transport of other nutrients and toxins, forest metabolism, carbon storage, and ecosystem productivity. Given the significant role Mn can play in ecosystems, it is important to understand how soil geochemistry controls Mn uptake by vegetation. The purpose of this research was to explore how Mn uptake by plants is related to Mn supply to plants through mineral dissolution. We conducted a greenhouse pot experiment to quantify Mn uptake by plants based on controlled geochemical constraints. Specifically, we investigated whether Mn uptake was limited by the supply of Mn to soil solution or by biological controls within the plants. Greenhouse soil pots (quartz sand + peat) that were non-vegetated or vegetated with red maple saplings were supplied with either no added Mn, dissolved Mn, Mn oxides, or crushed shale containing Mn-bearing pyrite. We analyzed the chemical composition of plant tissue to quantify Mn uptake and soil leachate to quantify Mn losses. From these values, we constructed a mass balance model and calculated pseudo-first order rate constants to compare Mn mobilization between treatments. Mn uptake was higher in systems with dissolved Mn because it was not limited by mineral weathering. Mn uptake was also higher in systems supplied with fast-weathering substrates (pyrite in the shale) than slow-weathering substrates (Mn oxides). There were not significant differences in Mn leaching and total Mn loss between vegetated and non-vegetated pots in the Mn-oxide or shale treatments. We conclude that Mn uptake is controlled by dissolution rates of Mn-minerals in soil.

Committee: Elizabeth Herndon (Advisor); David Singer (Committee Member); Chris Blackwood (Committee Member) Subjects: Biogeochemistry; Environmental Geology; Environmental Science; Environmental Studies; Geobiology; Geochemistry; Geology

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2016, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum diesel. It is biodegradable, nontoxic and has lower greenhouse gas emission profiles compared to petroleum diesel. Polyurethane (PU) products such as PU foams and PU coatings are widely used in many aspects of our life. Traditionally, the PU industry is heavily petroleum dependent because both the feedstocks - isocyanates and polyols - are petrochemical products. Bio-based PU products became a very promising research field due to concerns about the environment and the depletion of petroleum resources. Waste cooking oil (WCO), which is abundantly available and about 2 or 3 times cheaper than virgin vegetable oil, is considered a good source for production of biodiesel. Also, post-consumer PET bottles contribute a large volume fraction in the solid waste stream and their non-biodegradability has caused concern. In this study, a sustainable process of value-added utilization of wastes, specifically WCO and post-consumer PET bottles for the production of biodiesel and PU foams, respectively, was developed. WCO collected from campus cafeteria was firstly converted into biodiesel, which can be used as vehicle fuel. Then crude glycerol (CG), a byproduct of the above biodiesel process, was incorporated into the glycolysis process of post-consumer PET bottles collected from campus to produce polyols. Thirdly, PU foams were synthesized through the reaction of the above produced polyols with isocyanate in the presence of catalysts and other additives. The characterization of the produced biodiesel demonstrated that its properties meet the specification of the biodiesel standard. The effect of CG loading on the properties of polyols and PU foams were investigated. With the increase of CG loading from 0% -15%, the hydroxyl value increased from 478 mg KOH/g to 592 mg KOH/g. This is most likely due to the high hydroxyl value of glycerol (1829 mg KOH/g). The PU foams produced showed density of 46.03-47.66 kg/m3 an (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Scott Shearer (Advisor); Katrina Cornish (Advisor); Jianjun Guan (Committee Member); Rudolph Buchheit (Committee Member) Subjects: Agricultural Engineering; Chemical Engineering; Materials Science

Master of Education, Cleveland State University, 2016, College of Education and Human Services

EFFICACY OF WHOLE-BODY SUSPENSION TRAINING ON ENHANCING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT ABILITIES FOLLOWING A SUPERVISED OR HOME-BASED 8-WEEK TRAINING PROGRAM SHELBY MARIE SAYLOR ABSTRACT Suspension training is a tool that can be used to work every muscle group in the body through various components of functional movement including balance, stability and coordination. No previous studies have analyzed the effectiveness of a whole-body suspension training program on functional movement abilities. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of suspension training on enhancing functional movement. The secondary purpose was to assess if suspension training is more effective in a supervised program or a home-based program. Methods: Twenty-one healthy subjects, ages 18-32 (11 male, 10 female) with no recent history of resistance training participated in this investigation and were randomly assigned to either a home-based or a supervised group after completing their initial pre-test that included body composition testing and a Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test. Each subject that was randomized into the home-based group was taught how to set up the suspension training system on a door way and how to complete each of the 10 exercises correctly. After this initial session in the laboratory the home-based group subjects were then supervised once in their home on how to set up the system in their home, as well as reminded of the correct procedures for each exercise in the program. The supervised group began their introductory session 2-4 days after their initial FMS pre-test. The 8-week training program consisted of a 5 minute warm-up followed by 10 exercises targeting each major muscle group in the body including: low row, chest press, Y-fly, triceps press, biceps curl, squat, lunge, calf press and side plank. Each exercise session was followed by 5-10 minutes of whole-body static stretching. Upon the completion of the 8-week suspension (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Emily Kullman PhD (Committee Chair); Kenneth Sparks PhD (Committee Member); Kathleen Little PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Anatomy and Physiology; Health; Kinesiology; Rehabilitation; Sports Management

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2014, Atmospheric Sciences

The Antarctic Ice Sheet holds a volume of ice and snow equivalent to 55 meters of sea level. The melting of only a relatively small fraction of this volume could have dramatic consequences for populations around the world. With this in mind, the research presented here focuses on two atmospheric variables that are key controls of the state of the ice sheet: its surface mass balance (or net snowfall) and its near-surface air temperature. The analysis aims to understand how these two parameters have changed (if at all) since the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year (IGY), the start of the instrumental era in Antarctica. Particular attention is given to the part of the continent known as West Antarctica, the most vulnerable to atmospheric and oceanic warming, and the one where rapid glacial change is currently taking place. The research is divided into three parts. The first part uses a set of seven global reanalyses to investigate the changes in Antarctic surface mass balance and Southern Ocean precipitation since 1979 (start of the reanalyses). This investigation is also intended to shed light on the reliability of these reanalyses, which often contained artifacts caused by changes in the observing system, particularly in high southern latitudes. Spurious changes in precipitation are found to various degrees in all data sets but with varying characteristics and origins. According to the two reanalyses deemed most reliable, neither Antarctic surface mass balance nor Southern Ocean precipitation have changed significantly over the past three decades. The second part consists of a multifaceted investigation of the near-surface temperature record from Byrd Station, in central West Antarctica. As the only meteorological record in this region to extend back to the IGY, it is a critical data set, but also one with a complicated history and substantial data gaps. A comprehensive revision of the record is undertaken and a novel approach is used to estimate the missi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: David Bromwich PhD (Advisor); Jay Hobgood PhD (Committee Member); Jeffrey Rogers PhD (Committee Member); Jialin Lin PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences; Climate Change

Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, 2012, Earth and Environmental Sciences

A phosphorus (P) budget was created for Grand Lake St Marys (GLSM), a hypertrophic lake in Ohio with a highly agricultural watershed. Inputs totaled 71,200 ± 8,400 kg P, with tributaries contributing the majority of P inputs at 60,100 ± 4,500 kg P (84%). Other inputs included benthic flux at 9% (internal loading), point-source discharges into streams at 5%, and atmospheric deposition at 1%. Rainfall in 2011 was greater than average, which may affect results when comparing this P budget to years with average rainfall. Transport of P by two rivers draining GLSM was approximately three times greater than benthic deposition. Addition of alum to remedy internal loading in GLSM did not appear to inhibit benthic flux of P. Residence time of 113 days suggests the ability of the system to decrease P concentrations in lake water if inputs are significantly decreased by the implementation of best land management practices.

Committee: Chad R. Hammerschmidt PhD (Advisor); Amy J. Burgin PhD (Committee Member); Geraldine Nogaro PhD (Committee Member); David Dominic PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Agricultural Chemicals; Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Geology; Environmental Management; Environmental Science; Environmental Studies; Geochemistry; Water Resource Management

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2011, Arts and Sciences: Geology

The Polar Regions are sensitive to climate change and the large ice masses located there can impact the global earth system via linkages such as sea level. Presented here is a study of a small, isolated ice mass that may be more sensitive than the Greenland Ice Sheet. Thus, here a study of the Istorvet Ice Cap is presented including a geomorphic map, radiocarbon dates from lake sediment cores as well as in-situ plant remains, and a mass balance model. Radiocarbon dates from lake sediments located in lowest elevation basin suggest this region had become deglaciated by at least 6671 yr BC (7840±80 14C yr BP: OS-86718). Additional radiocarbon dates from the same lakes shows at least a low elevation portion of the ice cap was highly restrictive relative to present for most of the Holocene. The youngest age from four similarly aged samples suggest the onset of the LIA began sometime after 737 AD (1270±80 14C yr BP: OS-86725). A mass balance model based on the PDD method suggests the average ELA over a 21-year period is 854 m a.s.l. Estimates of cumulative ice mass suggest up to 70 m of ice mass loss over the same time period. Therefore we would conclude that the Ice Cap is in a dire state. Lastly, radiocarbon dates from terrestrial in-situ plant remains from an spatial and altitudinal range suggest the Istorvet Ice Cap does not respond to the same temperature forcing as the Greenland Ice Sheet. Also, evidence is presented that suggests the Istorvet Ice Cap was expanding during the Medieval Warm Period and does not fit the traditional classification of the Little Ice Age.

Committee: Thomas Lowell PhD (Committee Chair); David Byer Nash PhD (Committee Member); Lewis Owen PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science in Civil Engineering, University of Toledo, 2011, Civil Engineering

This study presents a comprehensive three year trend analysis of the indoor gaseous pollutants in public transit buses running on bio-diesel (B20) and ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) in the city of Toledo. Additionally, mass balance modeling of carbon dioxide pollutant inside the public transport buses has been conducted. The pollutants monitored in this study are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Two comfort level parameters of the passengers: temperature and relative humidity are also measured inside the buses. Yearly variations of the five gaseous pollutants are studied and the accumulation of pollutant concentrations inside the bus was observed to be a result of variation in different parameters and not due to variation of a single parameter. The in-vehicle pollutant concentration trends are observed to be highly influenced by heavy traffic on the road. Over the three study period, relatively higher pollutant levels are observed for all the pollutants during winter season. Regression analysis has been used to identify the various factors that influence pollutant concentrations inside the bus. It was found that the pollutant levels are affected mainly by ventilation conditions of the bus, passenger activity inside the bus, vehicular traffic around the bus, and ambient meteorological conditions. The study identifies the important variables that affect in-vehicle pollutants in each season across different years. For example, ambient temperature, wind speed, passengers, trucks, and run/close are identified as influential factors affecting the in-vehicle CO2 concentrations in winter 2009. A mass balance approach was used in modeling the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) inside buses running on B20 and ULSD fuels. The model was tested over different seasons for one year period. The mixing factors for the model were calculated for both B20 and ULSD buses using a reverse approach on a seasonal (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Ashok Kumar PhD (Committee Chair); Andrew G Heydinger PhD (Committee Member); Dong-Shik Kim PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Civil Engineering

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2012, Geological Sciences

While iceberg calving makes up a substantial portion of mass loss for marine-terminating glaciers, these dynamics remain poorly represented in predictions of sea-level rise and large-scale climate models, requiring more robust observational datasets. Breiðamerkurjokull glacier functions as a uniquely controlled field setting for obtaining a wide variety of environmental and geodetic measurements in conjunction with monitoring calving flux, making it possible to more carefully constrain the sometimes-contradictory relationships between calving and environmental conditions observed in previous studies. A time-lapse camera and water level logger were placed roughly 1 km from the glacier ice front to monitor ice loss and iceberg-generated tsunamis from April to September 2011. This record was used to estimate the volume of ice lost by calving during this period and obtain calving rates on hourly, daily, and weekly timescales. Weather, tide, and contemporaneous records of the temperature-salinity structure of the lagoon were used to examine relationships between these factors and calving. Calving was shown to be more common during the falling tide in both spring and fall.

Committee: Ian Howat PhD (Advisor); W. Berry Lyons PhD (Committee Member); Lonnie Thompson PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2010, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

The alternative N/Ash (N/A) and N/Phosphorus (N/P) mass balance method were used to predict upper limit ammonia emission rate from three manure-belt layer houses and three free stall dairy houses in Ohio. The mass balance equations have been developed to eliminate the needs for tracking manure flow rate to obtain accurate ammonia estimation. Results show that this alternative mass balance method can estimate ammonia emission from manure-belt poultry layer houses and free stall dairy houses effectively. NH3 emission rate from manure belt poultry layer houses with manure removal every 3.5 to 5 days was 0.03-0.31 g NH3 bird-1day-1 using N/A mass balance method. These results agrees well with the ammonia emission values published in the previous literatures (0.03-0.62 g NH3 bird-1day-1), but were lower than the NH3 emission rate (0.10-0.86gNH3 bird-1day-1) measured using continuous monitoring systems. For the sand bedding dairy houses with manual and mechanical manure scrapers, the ammonia emission rate was 36.45-169.22 g NH3 cow1day-1 using N/P method. The results using N/P method agreed with those from published literatures (35.89-152.05 g NH3 cow1day-1) very well. For the dry manure bedding dairy house with flushing water to remove manure, the ammonia emission rate was 36.11-931.61 g NH3 cow-1day-1 using N/A method and 147.68-1048.12 g NH3 cow-1day-1 for N/P method. The results don't agree well with the ammonia emission values in other published literatures. The wind tunnel system has been developed with better aerodynamic characteristics. The air velocity profile, turbulent intensity and temperature profile indicate that relatively stable temperature, turbulent intensity and air velocity are observed at the position of 8.5 inch under the top of tunnel hence this position is the ideal position to measure air velocity and temperature before and after sampling section for this tunnel system. In the flux chamber testing, 99.73% and 0.27% of total nitrogen loss from dai (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Lingying Zhao (Advisor); Harold Keener (Committee Member) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2004, Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering

Ammonia and liquid waste problems are a great concern for animal producers because of their environmental impacts and effects on human and animal health. A novel swine production system, the High-Rise™ Hog Building (HRHB), has been developed to minimize liquid waste, reduce nutrient losses and control ammonia volatilization. A theoretical and experimental study was done to evaluate nutrient losses and ammonia levels in a HRHB and associate manure management system. Two groups of hogs, 998 head in summer and 1047 head in winter were studied. Animals grew well with an average weight gain rate of 0.86 kg/pig/day (1.89 lb/pig/day). The feed was consumed at a rate of 2.4 kg/pig/day (5.3 lb/pig/day). The average nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium losses due to volatilization (N) and liquid drainage (N, P, K) from the HRH building in both summer and winter periods were 3.86kg/head, 0.25 kg/head and 0.76 kg/head, representing 52, 21 and 47% of the initial amount respectively. Ammonia concentrations in the pig space were less than 2.5 ppm in summer and as high as 30 ppm in winter. Average ammonia concentration in winter was 16 ppm. A one-way ANOVA model and two linear regression models were developed that showed lower outdoor temperature and higher indoor/outdoor temperature difference could lead to higher ammonia concentrations in pig space in winter. The p-values were calculated less than 0.001. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models were developed and validated to investigate airflow pattern and ammonia distribution in HRHB. In winter, the CFD models predicted that some air blown through the manure bed could flow up into the pig space, which could lead to high ammonia concentrations in the upper level of the building. To reduce ammonia concentration in the pig space, 3-D non-isothermal CFD models were used to optimize the ventilation system of the HRHB. The aeration used to dry manure bedding was predicted as a significant factor to cause high ammonia concentration in (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Frederick Michel Jr. (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2007, Civil Engineering (Engineering)

This paper describes a nineteen month case study of a fouling successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS) treating a strong acid mine drainage (AMD) source in Coshocton County, Ohio. Average water quality characteristics of the primary source were: pH 3.85, 30 mg/L aluminum, 111 mg/L iron, and 370 mg/L acidity as CaCO3. Prior to the commencement of the study, a large volume of black amorphous sludge had accumulated in one of two aerobic wetlands. The sludge was found to be organic in nature, with high concentrations of sulfur and iron. Comprehensive water quality analysis and flow measurement enabled a thorough performance assessment and mass balance analysis. The investigation revealed that large amounts of metals were accumulating within the underdrain system, alkalinity production was decreasing, and sulfur reducing bacteria were contributing significant amounts of alkalinity to the system. General conclusions and suggestions regarding passive AMD treatment systems are provided.

Committee: Guy Riefler (Advisor) Subjects: