Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2014, History

Since the late 1980s, historians of American Civil War soldiers have struggled to understand the nature, character, and social order of the volunteer Union Army. Debates over individual motivations to enlist and serve, the success or failure of the institution to instill proper military discipline, and the peculiar requirements of leading volunteer citizen-soldiers have remained salient elements of Civil War soldier studies historiography. This thesis offers a new methodology for addressing these questions by examining the antebellum worldview of men from a single regiment -- the 55th Illinois Volunteer Infantry -- in order to create a lens through which to view their wartime behavior in uniform. This allows for an examination of how the antebellum voluntarist social order of Illinois towns continued to structure life in the ranks. Leaders who were aware of this cultural factor were often more successful in enlisting the support and cooperation of their subordinates than those who sought to breakdown their men and force them into the traditional mold of military subordination. Finally, the decision to enlist, cooperate, and remain in the volunteer force was governed by the same personal calculus of individual self-interest that governed men before entering into military service.

Committee: Brian Schoen (Advisor) Subjects: American History; History; Military History

Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, 2021, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Amplitude anomalies in pre-stack seismic data have widely been used in the oil and gas industry as a risk analysis tool when exploring for hydrocarbons. AVO analysis is most often applied to poorly consolidated Tertiary rocks due to the compressibility of these strata when natural gas and porosity are present. In contrast, well-lithified carbonate rocks are less prone to producing a pre-stack amplitude response due to the rigidity of their frame. Pre-stack seismic data of a 2-D seismic profile were conditioned and interpreted to identify amplitude variation with offset (AVO) attributes corresponding to the presence of hydrocarbons within the North Vernon Limestone (NVL) interval in the Illinois Basin. The seismic data were acquired over the Glen Ayr oil field in Vigo County, Indiana, and in the Old Hill oil field in Clay County, Indiana prior to wells being drilled. Production in both fields is from porous dolomites draped by tight limestone or dolomites over a Silurian reef complex We show that with appropriate pre-stack data conditioning subtle AVO responses in Illinois Basin carbonates may indicate the presence of hydrocarbons. Seismic line CM-46-12 (Clay) and CM-27-14 (Vigo) were both analyzed using AVO attributes to identify anomalous zones that may relate to the presence of hydrocarbons. Seismic Line CM-27-14 was further interpreted using pre-stack inversion to provide additional information pertaining to the reservoir rock properties. The results on both seismic lines show strong, negative AVO gradients along the NVL interval, whereas nonproductive intervals exhibit either positive or no amplitude gradient. Pre-stack inversion of lime CM-27-14 shows high impedance zones which are consistent with the presence of tight dolomite atop the reef structure. Low-impedance, low VP/VS ratio zones correlate to the hydrocarbon bearing porosity zones of the NVL interval.

Committee: Ernest C. Hauser Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Paul McColgan Ph.D. (Committee Co-Chair); Doyle R. Watts Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology; Geophysics

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2020, Arts and Sciences: Geology

Understanding past changes in vegetation, hydroclimate, and fire is crucial for constraining future change as a consequence of climate change. In the northern Great Plains, at least during the Holocene, fire disturbance is controlled by drought, plant community dynamics, and fuel availability (Winkler et al., 1997; Brown et al., 2005; Nelson et al., 2004). Unfortunately, fire-vegetation dynamics are poorly defined in the central US as records of vegetation, hydroclimate, and fire that extend past the Wisconsin glaciation are rare. To better understand past changes in this region, we have reconstructed vegetation, hydroclimate, and fire conditions using plant compounds (long chain n-alkanes and terpenoids), long chain n-alkane carbon (d13C) and hydrogen (d2H) isotopes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) preserved in sediments from Ben Lake in central Illinois (USA). This site is unique in that it is located in an area of high loess deposition during past glaciation, a time when few records are preserved. This provides an opportunity to reconstruct paleovegetation, paleohydrology, and fire for this region during the Wisconsin glaciation. Based on the plant compounds and their isotopes, we identify two mixed vegetation regimes that capture changes distinct changes between biomes 1) a forest and mixed C3/C4 grassland regime, and 2) a C3 grassland and mixed C3/C4 grassland. We find that fire and vegetation dynamics are markedly different for each of these two regimes. In the forest – C3/C4 grassland regime, the forest biome is associated with low fire input and the mixed C3/C4 grassland biome is associated with high fire input. In the C3 grassland – mixed C3/C4 grassland regime, the C3 grassland biome is associated with high fire, but the mixed C3/C4 grassland biome is associated with lower fire input. The results of this study will be useful for better predicting the effect of future climatic change on vegetation and fire in the central US.

Committee: Aaron Diefendorf Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Thomas Lowell Ph.D. (Committee Member); Dylan Ward Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, 2019, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Chondrichthyan remains occur in abundance within a thin layer of limestone at the top of the Burlington Limestone at the point of the contact with the overlying Keokuk Limestone. This layer of rock, the "Burlington-Keokuk Fish Bed," is stratigraphically consistent and laterally extensive in exposures of the Burlington Limestone near its type section along the Iowa-Illinois border. Deposition of the fish bed occurred on the Burlington Continental Shelf carbonate ramp off the subtropical western coast of Laurussia during the Lower Carboniferous (Late Tournaisian; Osagean) due to a drop in sea level, although the specific mechanism(s) that concentrated the vertebrate fossils remain(s) unknown. Vertebrate remains found within the fish bed include abundant chondrichthyan (Holocephali and Elasmobranchii) teeth, spines, and denticles as well as bony fish and "Acanthodian" (stem chondrichthyan) remains. No studies of these remains or the fish bed itself have been published since 1905 (not including a 2010 Geological Society of America abstract); the total chondrichthyan diversity from the fish bed therefore remained relatively unknown until this study. The fish bed was sampled from two quarries (Nelson Quarry, Mediapolis, IA; Biggsville Quarry, Biggsville, IL). The limestone matrix was dissolved using standard methods for carbonate dissolution, and teeth were identified using original publications from the Burlington and Keokuk Limestones, the Handbook of Paleoichthyology, and appropriate literature. A diverse assemblage of chondrichthyans was recovered that represented at least fifteen genera and twenty three species as well as teeth that did not resemble anything yet described. Additionally, a compilation of all previous studies of the Burlington-Keokuk Fish Bed along with the current study was undertaken in order to create the most complete chondrichthyan faunal list yet reported for the fish bed. These results improve our understanding of chondrichthyan diversity on the (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Charles N. Ciampaglio Ph.D. (Advisor); David A. Schmidt Ph.D. (Committee Member); Stephen J. Jacquemin Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology; Paleoecology; Paleontology

Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, 2019, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This study focuses on northern Terre Haute, Indiana, where seven 2D seismic reflection time sections were collected by CountryMark and donated to Wright State University. Geologically, the area is on the eastern margin of the Illinois Basin. Two of these seismic lines display significant relief along a continuous, high-amplitude horizon approximately 180 milliseconds in two-way traveltime depth. This horizon was previously interpreted by CountryMark to be a Silurian reef core of the type common in this region of the Illinois Basin; however, other seismic lines within the data set display no relief. Furthermore, borehole logs within the area show no such relief at the equivalent depth of around 1700 feet. Therefore, the apparent structural high is an artifact within the two seismic lines, and can be called velocity pull-up. Various analyses were conducted to examine the causes of this velocity pull-up. The near-surface, within this region, contains many surfaces that may give rise to a velocity pull-up, including (1) the layer of weathered Pennsylvanian bedrock; (2) the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Unconformity; and (3) an unconformity within Pennsylvanian section. It is possible that each of these surfaces could have enough relief to induce the observed velocity pull-up, and these possibilities were evaluated utilizing a combined analysis of Bouguer gravity, first-arrival traveltime tomography, passive seismic, and well log correlation. These multiple analyses show there is no Silurian reef core but a more complex velocity-inducing feature from a combination of the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Unconformity and a shallower paleovalley fill.

Committee: Ernest C. Hauser Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Doyle R. Watts Ph.D. (Committee Member); David F. Dominic Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Geographic Information Science; Geology; Geophysical; Geophysics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2018, Environment and Natural Resources

Wildlife have responded to urbanization in a variety of ways. While some species have been displaced from developed areas, others have learned to tolerate and even thrive in anthropogenic landscapes. Even within a single species, there are inter-individual variations in behavior. Such variations are sometimes attributed to the presence of behavioral syndromes (i.e., suites of correlated behaviors in response to a common stimuli). Behavioral syndromes imply that while a population may contain variations in behavior, each individual has a limited amount of behavioral plasticity. If individuals consistently respond to stressors in a particular manner and some responses are more beneficial than others, the environment may influence which behavioral tendencies dominate in a given location. One commonly-studied set of behavioral syndromes are those associated with the bold-shy spectrum. Bolder individuals are typically defined as being more risk-prone, more exploratory, less neophobic, and less sensitive to stressors. In urban environments, high levels of disturbance, increased human activity, and large quantities of novel items may favor bolder, less anxious individuals over shy individuals. If that is the case, one would expect to find a greater proportion of bold individuals in areas with increased development. Using the Greater Chicago Metropolitan Area as a case study location, we conducted flight initiation distance (FID) tests (n= 78) and novel object tests (n=50) on free-ranging coyotes from 2015-2017. Additionally, hair cortisol concentrations (n= 198) were measured from coyote hair samples that were collected from 2014-2018. We found that coyotes in more developed locations tended to have lower FIDs, behave less cautiously around novel objects, and show slightly higher hair cortisol concentrations than coyotes in more natural settings. Flight initiation distances were consistent across trials for individuals who were tested more than once (n= 18) and coyote resp (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Stanley Gehrt Dr. (Advisor); Stephen Matthews Dr. (Committee Member); Jeremy Bruskotter Dr. (Committee Member); Hamilton Ian Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Animals; Ecology; Wildlife Management

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2018, Arts and Sciences: Geology

The Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District (IKFD) is a fluoritic sub-type of a Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) deposit characterized by the District's abundance of fluorite compared to minor Pb-Zn mineralization. Found along the axis of the District are a host of Permian ultramafic dikes, pipes, and diatremes, and Hicks Dome, a crypto-explosive structure formed by the release of magmatic volatiles from a carbonatite complex intruded into Precambrian basement. Below the center of Hicks Dome is a large breccia deposit enriched in fluorite and REEs that are principally contained in secondary REE-bearing phosphate and fluorocarbonate minerals. Decreasing fluid inclusion temperatures and changes in fluorite chemistry from Hicks Dome to the fringes of the District indicate heating of the regional MVT system from magmatic activity at Hicks Dome. Previous studies support a model for magmatic gases lowering fluid pH, supplying fluorine, and brecciating country rocks. Fluid inclusion studies in fluorite show the presence of two distinct mineralizing fluids: a lower temperature-higher salinity fluid in paragenetically early fluorite, and a higher temperature-lower salinity fluid in later fluorite. The REE and other selected trace element chemistry of over 530 fluorite samples from 32 locations across the District was analyzed in this study using LA-ICP-MS. Chondrite normalized REE patterns of early F1 fluorite are depleted in LREEs, have nearly flat to gently negative sloping HREEs, and can have a small positive Gd anomaly. REE patterns of late F2 fluorite are similarly depleted in LREEs, show small MREE enrichment, similar to more steeply negative HREEs, and a positive Eu anomaly. REE concentrations are similar between the two patterns, typically 10x chondrite or less. With a few exceptions there is an overall decrease in REE concentration with increasing distance from Hicks Dome. Neither early nor later fluorite has REE patterns similar to fluorite from a mineralized fracture (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Craig Dietsch Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Andrew Czaja Ph.D. (Committee Member); Lewis Owen Ph.D. (Committee Member); John Rakovan Ph.D. (Committee Member); Jared Singer Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1969, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2016, History

Colonial regimes in eighteenth-century Miami and Illinois Countries reflected imperial efforts to institutionalize surveillance. Placed within military bureaucracies, Euro-American networks attempted to exert control over this Indian Country and their development was in direct response to Miami and Illinois politics and communication.

Committee: Margaret Newell (Committee Chair) Subjects: History

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2016, Geology

Corals and stromatoporoids often built biohermal complexes, which preserve intrinsic and extrinsic controls, dictating reef development. Devonian bioherms from the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois Basins were evaluated to compare community compositions and detect similarities between successional buildups and localities. Species abundances, environmental parameters, and successional models described reef morphology and development within and between basins. Localities were analyzed by taking photographs, documenting environmental parameters, and identifying corals to a species level. Photographs included 1m2 quadrats, used in Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe) to acquire total percent of coral species and stromatoporoids as a proxy for abundances. Data matrices were created to run diversity indices, cluster analyses and multivariate techniques to interpret intrinsic and extrinsic controls affecting bioherms. Intrinsic factors, include species present and community interactions between organisms. Extrinsic controls such as lithology, grain size, and environmental energy, largely affect the construction of reefs. Documentation of coral-stromatoporoid complexes revealed geospatial and temporal trends across the Great Lakes of North America. Cluster analyses demonstrate extrinsic controls such as biogenic carbonate texture and basin type dictate community composition. Ordination techniques revealed the importance of lithology, biogenic carbonate texture and substrate type as the driving forces during reef development. Investigation of bioherms in the Great Lakes region were used in a comparative approach to recognize spatial and temporal trends, providing a better understanding of reef ecology, biodiversity, and evolution during the supergreenhouse climate of the Middle Devonian.

Committee: Margaret Yacobucci PhD (Advisor); Andrew Gregory PhD (Committee Member); Jeffrey Snyder PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology; Paleoecology; Paleontology

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2016, Antioch New England: Environmental Studies

Women's environmental activism prior to the early 1960s in America focused on women's roles as municipal housekeepers or emphasized wilderness conservation. I offer in this dissertation the story of the Illinois Prairie Path, the country's first rails-to-trails conversion to apply for National Recreation Trail status, and the innovative women who fought for nature preservation in a suburban setting rather than in a wilderness area. Led by renowned writer and naturalist, May Theilgaard Watts, these women built support for the public footpath project by fostering an ecological awareness throughout their region. I place them in the tradition of Chicago female reformers as a bridge between women of the Progressive Era and members of the modern environmental movement. My aim in this research is to show the ways in which May Theilgaard Watts and the Illinois Prairie Path founders cultivated a new post-wilderness era model of environmental thinking through their emphasis on the restoration of a suburban open space. These women scientists and naturalists worked for democratic equality through ecological restoration and access to nature. Through an interdisciplinary focus on ecocriticism, the politics of place, and the history of the suburban landscape, specifically in Chicago's metropolis, I examine how these women redefined space by linking communities across a region. By analyzing the documents, letters, speeches, and photos generated by founding leaders of The Illinois Prairie Path not-for-profit corporation, I demonstrate that this community of women challenged the hierarchies of the day. Their vision for conservation and connecting people to nature continues to serve as a model for the future of the Illinois Prairie Path and other rails-to- trails conversions.

Committee: Joy Ackerman Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Alesia Maltz Ph.D. (Committee Member); Ann Durkin Keating Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Studies; Womens Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2016, Educational Leadership

Critical Race Theory challenges us to analyze a number of issues such as racial, gender, and class privileges within both formal and informal structures and processes of schooling. In addition, CRT reveals its direct implications for identifying and analyzing traditional notions of the objectivity of law and administrative regulation as it applies to education and schooling. Therefore, CRT in education can be defined as a framework or set of basic perspectives, methods, and pedagogy that seeks to identify, analyze and transform those structural, cultural, and interpersonal aspects of education that maintain the subordination of people of color and hopes to foster ways to engage in critical race analysis and positive change with regard to racial justice in the schools. One of the alleged benefits from Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was to ensure that Black children would have equal access to the resources of their White counterparts. For the purposes of this study, CRT will be used in an attempt to take a critical look at the impact of achieving unitary status has had on the Rockford Public Schools This study investigates the impact of unitary status on the Rockford Public Schools, focusing specifically on changes that have taken the federal court's order releasing the school district from its earlier desegregation order. The major questions to be explored in this study include: A. What systemic changes have occurred within the Rockford School District as a result of being granted unitary status? B. What stories/experiences are Rockford residents telling about race, desegregation, and schooling? Although unitary status has been acquired, it is clear that much work remains to be done to heal this disjointed community. Revisiting this subject can be a powerfully important step in not only healing the wounds inflicted from this journey, but also provides valuable reflection of root causes for the internal conflict within the district. Th (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Denise Taliaferro-Baszile (Committee Chair); Michael Dantley (Committee Member); Lisa Weems (Committee Member); Sheri Leafgren (Committee Member) Subjects: African Americans; Education; Educational Leadership; School Administration

MCP, University of Cincinnati, 2007, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning

Sustainable development is significant in a world characterized by escalating pollution, diminishing resources, and declining environmental health. Beginning as an international discourse, sustainable development has become a policy concern of local governments. The practice of sustainable development at the local level emphasizes urban sustainability, an important issue in a rapidly urbanizing world. As sustainable urban development gains momentum around the world, there arises a need to analyze, quantify, and qualify the results of such a program. While indicator sets can clearly illustrate the inputs and outcomes of a plan, they are often unable to measure the holistic nature of sustainable development. A systemic and holistic process, a successful sustainable development program must be planned from a holistic perspective and lead to holistic results. This thesis establishes identifies the interrelations of the individual components that contribute to urban environmental sustainability through an analysis of a case study of Chicago, Illinois.

Committee: Dr. Carla Chifos (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2008, Arts Policy and Administration

During the 1960's state arts agencies sprung up at a rapid pace in many states due to the available funds appropriated to state governments through the national agency, The National Endowment for the Arts. The growth of these state agencies continued over the years and many state governments began appropriating funds for the arts in the state budgets. Most states, however, had little to no policy on the arts, which caused public officials and the agency itself to re-examine its presence with state legislatures. From the 1970's on some state arts agencies established or assisted in developing a state arts advocacy group to help serve the constituents interests at the state level. Although there are several state arts agencies that have no consistent relationship with the state arts advocacy group, this case study investigates the state arts agencies that have a constant relationship with the state arts advocacy group and how that relationship has benefited overall state policy on the arts as carried out by the state arts agency. A review of literature that pertains to the history of state arts agencies, arts advocacy, and the use of lobbying for interest groups is provided as well as interviews with key staff, lobbyists and stakeholders from the states Illinois, Minnesota, and Ohio. Fiscal policy for the arts in each state as well as the programmatic policy of the state arts agency is examined in conjunction with the characteristics of each state agency's relationship with the state advocacy group. Priority indicators of both the state arts agency and the state arts advocacy groups as determined by interview findings, mission statements, key stakeholder groups, and policy initiatives will determine the strength and consistency of the relationship between each group in Illinois, Minnesota, and Ohio.

Committee: Lawson Wayne Dr. (Advisor); Wyszomirski Margaret Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Public Administration

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2008, Natural Resources

There is a paucity of information concerning badger ecology on the eastern extent of the species range. To fill these knowledge gaps, this study focused on assessing certain aspects of badger ecology in areas dominated by agricultural use in Ohio and west central Illinois. Badger state-wide badger distribution in Ohio was determined through the collection of badger observations using a publicity campaign. Overall, 387 badger observations were collected: unconfirmed reports were most numerous (43%), followed by probable (32%), and confirmed (25%). Relatively few observations were recorded until the early 1990s when they began to increase, and sharply increased during the 3-year study period. Badgers were recorded in 56 counties, but most (>99%) of observations were found in 53 counties above the glacial line. Multi-scale spatial ecology and habitat use was evaluated using radiotelemetry data for badgers in Ohio (n = 5) and Illinois (n = 14) and an independent set of badger observations in Ohio. Mean 95% FK annual home ranges in Illinois were larger than in Ohio, but mean 50% FK annual home ranges did not differ between states. Mean 95% FK annual home ranges for males were larger in Illinois than in Ohio; however, male 50% FK and both female annual home ranges did not differ between states. Both male home range sizes did not differ from females in Ohio, but 95% and 50% FK were larger for males than females in Illinois over annual periods and during the rearing season; the 95% FK was also larger for males than females in Illinois during the breeding season. Badgers in both states selected agricultural habitat within their home ranges, and linear grassland and wetland-associated habitats within the study area landscape. Ohio badger observations showed badger occurrence was associated with interspersed blocks of agriculture and linear grassland habitats. The habitat-relative abundance of badgers in Ohio was determined through an independent set of badger observations (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Stanley Gehrt (Advisor); Darla Munroe (Committee Member); Amanda Rodewald (Committee Member) Subjects: Ecology

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1971, History

Committee: Merton Dillon (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2006, History

“From the Ashes” explores one chapter in the life of the Miami Indian village of Pinkwi Mihtohseeniaki, which was located along the banks Great Miami River near the current city of Piqua, Ohio. This thesis attempts to add new depth to our understanding of the village, which was settled in 1747 and purportedly depopulated in 1752, by centering the analysis on the local level. With an intense focus on the cultural and ecological landscapes of Pinkwi Mihtohseeniaki a more nuanced story surfaces. This one local story has the potential to transform our knowledge of the world of Miami-Illinois speaking peoples and the larger region of the Great Lakes in the eighteenth century.

Committee: Andrew Cayton (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Science, Miami University, 2005, Geology and Environmental Earth Science

The Rough Creek Fault Zone is an east-west trending system of braided faults which penetrate Precambrian basement rocks in western Kentucky, and is one of many deformed zones within the Illinois Basin. The RCFZ was extensionally faulted in the late Precambrian during continental rifting. Compressional fault reactivation during the Paleozoic produced reverse and oblique-slip offset in the the overlying strata along pre-existing facults, and was followed by post-Paleozoic extension. Our report reveals evidence of fault reactivation, suggests models that may have produced structural relationships observed in outcrop, and establishes mechanical and temporal relationships of faults and fractures in the RCFZ. As a first approximation to the issue of groundwater-structure relationships, we compared structural data with published hydrogeologic information, the results of which suggest that subsurface permeability is unpredictable within the main RCFZ, and that permeability decreases with distance from the main fault zone as a function of decreasing fracture density.

Committee: Yildirim Dilek (Advisor) Subjects: Geology