Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2014, Psychology

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently experience co-occurring mental health symptoms as well as peer impairment. This study tested the hypothesis that social information processing (SIP), and attribution biases in particular, may be important for understanding the presence of comorbid disruptive behavior disorder or anxiety symptoms among children with ADHD. Specifically, it was hypothesized that negative internal or external attribution biases would be differentially associated with co-occurring anxious or oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptoms, respectively. It was also hypothesized that the pathway from negative external attribution biases to ODD/CD symptoms would be associated with peer exclusion but not peer withdrawal, whereas the pathway from negative internal attribution biases to anxiety symptoms was hypothesized to be associated with both peer exclusion and withdrawal. Participants were 112 children (73 boys; ages 7-12; 76% non-Hispanic white) diagnosed with either ADHD Inattentive Type (49%) or ADHD Combined Type (51%). Results supported the hypothesis that negative internal attribution bias was positively associated with parent/child-rated anxiety symptoms among children with ADHD, although negative external attribution bias was not found to be associated with parent/teacher-reported ODD/CD symptoms. However, negative external attribution bias was related to children's self-reported aggressive behavior. In terms of comorbid mental health symptoms and peer isolation domains, ODD/CD symptoms were found to be uniquely related to teacher-rated peer exclusion, whereas anxiety symptoms were unrelated to either peer exclusion or withdrawal. However, more support was found when only child-report measures were used, as anxiety symptoms were positively associated with child-rated loneliness and negatively associated with child-rated social acceptance. This study furthers the extant literature by providin (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Aaron Luebbe Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Joshua Langberg Ph.D. (Committee Member); Carl Paternite Ph.D. (Committee Member); Vaishali Raval Ph.D. (Committee Member); Robert Burke Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2018, Psychology/Industrial-Organizational

Despite a wealth of research on the antecedents and outcomes of workplace incivility, little is known about the effect of individual differences on perceptions of incivility. The current study sought to examine whether personality and additional individual difference characteristics were predictive of perceptions of incivility. A sample of 295 working adults were exposed to vignettes depicting workplace interactions that could be interpreted as uncivil, and were asked to rate the degree to which each of these were perceived as rude, as well as to describe how they would hypothetically respond to a subset of these items. Results indicated that conscientiousness, narcissism, and hostile attribution bias were positively related to perceptions of incivility. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that the majority of participants would not escalate the described situations. Analyses additionally demonstrated that customer- and coworker-perpetrated incivility were perceived as more uncivil than supervisor incivility. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for future incivility research are discussed.

Committee: Clare Barratt PhD (Advisor); Angela Nelson PhD (Committee Member); Steve Jex PhD (Committee Member); Yiwei Chen PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2015, Psychology/Industrial-Organizational

The current study is an investigation of the relationships between perceived incivility, sleep quality and quantity, and physical health outcomes, as well as the moderating effects of work-related rumination and hostile attribution bias. The author proposed based on self-regulatory theory (Muraven & Beaumeister, 2000) and conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) that incivility has negative effects on physical symptoms through the mediating effects of sleep quality and quantity, and that individual difference variables would amplify the direct effects between incivility, sleep, and physical symptoms. Study results based on data from a sample of Ohio nurses (n = 456) provided mixed support for the hypotheses. Specifically, the study found support for sleep quality and quantity as full mediators, but no support for the hypothesized individual difference moderators. Study implications and limitations are discussed.

Committee: Steve Jex PhD (Advisor); Clare Barratt PhD (Committee Member); Yiwei Chen PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Occupational Health; Psychology

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2015, Psychology/Clinical

Youth aggression is a serious problem not only in terms of its immediate effects, but in its future consequences as well. In addition, whether children are aggressive or not, their proneness to aggressive behavior remains relatively stable throughout the lifespan (Huesmann, Dubow, & Boxer, 2009). For decades, researchers have been interested in how aggressive behavior is developed and maintained. The predominant theory in the field of developmental psychology is the social cognitive model. This thesis focuses on parental influences on childhood aggression. The data for this study come from a project on the development of aggression within and across generations (Columbia County Longitudinal Study; Dubow, Boxer, & Huesmann, 2009; Eron, Walder, & Lefkowitz, 1971; Lefkowitz, Eron, Walder, & Huesmann, 1977; Huesmann, Dubow, & Boxer, 2009). I examine the links among parental aggression, parents' and children's social cognitions, and children's own aggression. The degree to which parent variables (parent aggression, parent social cognitions, inter-parental aggression, and parental punishment) predict child aggressive behavior as mediated by child social cognitions supporting aggression (a composite of hostile attribution bias, normative beliefs about aggression, aggressive fantasy, and social problem solving) are investigated. Results support a mediational model in which parental aggressive punishment predicts their children developing more aggressive social cognitions, which in turn predicts children having higher aggression. Results suggest that parental punishment—specifically verbal punishment—plays a significant role in increasing childhood aggression.

Committee: Eric Dubow Ph.D. (Advisor); Marie Tisak Ph.D. (Committee Member); Carolyn Tompsett Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Developmental Psychology; Psychology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2003, Sociology

The current study investigated cross-cultural differences in anger and aggression as a function of the perceived intent and blameworthiness of a hypothetical provocateur in adverse social situations. A survey experiment method was used to test differences in perception, self-reported anger, indirect, and overt aggression across cultures, genders, and in- vs. outgroup targets of hostility. The study sample consisted of 410 college students in the US (N=125), Turkey (N=127), and China (N=158). Results show that the US and Turkish respondents were more likely than their Chinese counterparts to perceive aggressive intent in a provocateur's actions and blame the provocateur for the negative outcome in ambiguous social interactions. Also, the US and Turkish participants were more angered by the negative interaction compared to the Chinese. The Turkish alone were more likely to show indirect ("do something to get even") and overt ("have it out with him/her right then and there!") aggression towards the provocateur. Males in all cultures were more likely than females to get even as a result of the adverse interaction. No outgroup effect was found. Blameworthiness was a more potent instigator of overt aggression than perceived intent. Also discussed are how perceptions of hostility can be endemic to a particular culture and used to explain the root causes of violent conflict.

Committee: Craig Jenkins (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2005, Psychology (Arts and Sciences)

The purpose of the current study is to examine the self-report of childhood bullying experiences among college students and their current endorsement of aggression and biases in social information processing. Results indicated that bullies in childhood endorse higher levels of proactive and reactive aggression than those who were not bullies; childhood victims report higher levels of reactive aggression than non-victims. In relation to social information processing, a discriminant function analysis distinguished those who were bullies from those who not bullies on measures of possessing a positive attitude toward aggression and having a low self-efficacy in their belief to stay out of fights. Contrary to previous literature, victims of childhood bullying were no different on scores of hostile attribution bias from non- victims. In conclusion, the current study found support that some of the biases that are characteristic of bullies in childhood were biases for those with a childhood history of bullying.

Committee: Christine Gidycz (Advisor) Subjects: Psychology, Clinical