Psy. D., Antioch University, 2015, Antioch New England: Clinical Psychology

Haiti is the poorest country in the Western hemisphere. Mental health resources are minimal and in need of further development. The goal of this dissertation project was to develop a model for a comprehensive outpatient Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. It was both critical and essential that the development of a CMHC be considered within the sociopolitical and economic context of Haiti. As such, this project first examined relevant information regarding Haitian geography, poverty, government, and culture. Within this context, the impact of the 2010 earthquake was considered. This context was then used to consider relevant literature, as well as my personal and professional experience while working in poverty, health care, and the mental health system in Haiti. The methodological approach informing this project was action research which was specifically used to assist in the development of a culturally sensitive CMHC for a Haitian community. It was intended that, in turn, this would enable a more organic and systematic approach to maintaining long-term wellness for the Haitian people. Important cultural elements and existing mental health services found in my travels are presented to give a texture of what the current context is like in Haiti. The non-profit organization called “RAW Haiti” and its current programs are described. The outpatient CMHC model as a combination of available mental health services, along with additional suggestions for a comprehensive framework are introduced. The purpose of this project was to present the beginning structure of a CMHC in Haiti and how it would be implemented and evaluated. It is expected that on-going development will give birth to continued creation of the comprehensive CMHC, while incorporating integrated care, adaptations to other locations, social justice, and public policy. The appendices provide significant documentation of field notes that are intended to give a clearer and more illustr (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Colborn Smith PhD (Committee Chair); Ann Johnson PsyD (Committee Member); David Junno PsyD (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology; Counseling Psychology

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2009, International Development Studies (International Studies)

This thesis analyses the development policies implemented and executed in Haiti and their impacts in creating or jeopardizing employment. It uses data from the 1971, 1982, and 2003 censuses in order to find the approximate trends of unemployment and argue whether or not the different economic policies have been employment friendly or faulty. The research has found that while the policies have been inadequate in their quest for full employment, the rate of unemployment has been decreasing in Haiti. The reason is that most of the employed people work in the informal sector, which suggests a very high level of underemployment. This study also finds that the major determinants of unemployment and underemployment are the absence of employment policy and the lack of a social safety net. Therefore, the policies have enhanced the “informalization” of the economy, which is an avenue to explore in the future when studying unemployment in Haiti.

Committee: Julia M. Paxton (Committee Chair); Brad Jokisch (Committee Member); Roy Boyd (Committee Member) Subjects: Labor Economics

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1923, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1919, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2024, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Over the past few years, there have been significant natural disasters around the world. Catastrophes, some of which have been more devastating than others. These calamities such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, landslides, and floods can have a significant impact not just on humanity but on the ecology. Due to the unpredictable nature of natural disasters, the poorest communities suffer the most, many communities are left devastated with thousands of people displaced, injured, or deceased, and often without access to aid. These people who lose their homes or get displaced end up living in temporary settlements in which basic needs to survive are not provided, in which there is a lack of cleanliness, and outbreaks of diseases are more prone. This research aims to bring a solution to make the process of surviving a disaster an easier transition for those affected. The goal is to create a community that can help with evacuation, evacuation shelter, short-term shelter, transitional housing, to ultimately permanent homes. Providing the necessary will help improve the quality of life of those people who are disaster victims and have a lack of resources.

Committee: Vincent Sansalone M.Arch. (Committee Member); Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Bowling Green State University, 2024, American Culture Studies

This dissertation explores the role of democracy promotion in US foreign intervention with a particular focus on the weaponization of media and civil society by two important US democracy promotion institutions, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and US Agency for International Development (USAID). Focusing on these two institutions and building on scholarship that takes a critical Gramscian Marxist perspective on US democracy promotion, this study brings media imperialism and deep political scholarship into the conversation. Delimiting the study to focus on US activities, I trace historical patterns of intellectual warfare and exceptional states of violence and lawlessness pursued by the US government in case studies of foreign intervention in which democracy promotion has played an important part since 1983. I survey the evolution of elite US Cold War conceptions of managed democracy as well as transformations of covert Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) media and civil society operations into institutionalized, pseudo-overt US democracy promotion that became a foundational pretext and method for US interventionism post-Cold War. Case studies include the Contra War in 1980s Nicaragua, Operation Cyclone in 1980s Afghanistan, the 2000 overthrow of Yugoslavian president Slobodan Milosevic, the 2002 military coup against Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez, the 2004 coup against Haitian president Bertrand Aristide, and the 2014 Euromaidan Coup against Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych. I dedicate the penultimate chapter to US-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War that began in 2011, demonstrating how USAID provided instrumental monetary, media, and civil society support to primarily sectarian, theocratic, Salafi rebels against the Ba'athist government. Throughout the dissertation, I argue that the NED and USAID represent important engines of intellectual warfare in US foreign intervention, mobilizing communications and organizational resources to reinf (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Cynthia Baron Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Oliver Boyd-Barrett Ph.D. (Committee Member); Radhika Gajjala Ph.D. (Committee Member); Alexis Ostrowski Ph.D. (Other) Subjects: American History; American Studies; East European Studies; History; International Relations; Journalism; Latin American History; Mass Communications; Mass Media; Middle Eastern History; Military History; Military Studies; Modern History; Peace Studies; Political Science; Public Policy; Regional Studies; World History

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1963, History

Committee: Charles Ameringer (Advisor) Subjects: History

Psy. D., Antioch University, 2021, Antioch New England: Clinical Psychology

Hemoglobin disorders or inherited blood diseases affect about 5% of the world population. One main category of these disorders is sickle-cell disease (SCD). SCD can cause many physical complications, such as kidney problems, leg ulcers, and chronic pain. Less frequently discussed symptoms include complications like attention problems and emotion regulation. The study looked at a small sample of pediatric and adult patients (N=22) with SCD at a primary care clinic in a very poor community in Haiti, researching sleep and emotion regulation, given their shared neurobiological systems. As these symptoms can influence attention, the relationships among attention, emotion, and sleep were examined. A Haitian population was chosen because of the high rates of SCD in Haiti, the need to conduct international studies in SCD, and the long-standing collaboration between the Antioch Multicultural Center for Research and Practice and the Haitian primary care clinic, Partners in Development. The study provides a preliminary set of data from a select Haitian population for the measures used: (a) demographics questionnaire; (b) the Berlin Questionnaire (Netzer, Stoohs, Netzer, Clark, & Strohl, 1999); (c) the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2002), and (d) the Conners Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (Conners, 2015). Findings presented are generally descriptive. Sleep problems (specifically snoring/nighttime breathing problems) and emotionality were significantly positively related to a moderate degree. Emotionality and sleep problems were not significantly related to attention; however, both were significantly positively related to attention to a moderate degree when the sample size was doubled with simulated data. Age was not correlated with sleep problems, emotionality, or attention. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of documented attention problems. Results revealed that individuals with a (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Gargi Roysircar EdD (Committee Chair); Meghan Collier PhD (Committee Member); Reem Tarazi PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology

Psy. D., Antioch University, 2019, Antioch New England: Clinical Psychology

An earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale hit Haiti on January 10th, 2010. The earthquake, an urgent crisis, occurred in the context of persistent social dysfunctions, amplifying both the chronic poor living conditions and adversities for children and families. The purpose of the study was to enquire into the possible ways children in Haiti are socialized by the religiousness and other coping ways of their mothers and caretakers in the childhood contexts of societal and continuous trauma. Participants were Haitian mothers (N = 27) who participated in three focus groups that were conducted in their location of residence: Canaan-Damien (n=10), the Providence Orphanage (n=8), and Blanchard (n=9). Participants were also the children of these mothers (N=42). Religious and non-religious qualitative themes emerged from the focus group discussions. For example, some of the themes were: You talk to God to help you; God will not leave you; Parenting Factors, and Shame and Embarrassment. The themes and their frequencies formed five thematic clusters: (a) Positive Religious Cluster, (b) Negative Religious Cluster, (c) Positive Secular Cluster, (d) Negative Secular Cluster, and (e) Shame and Embarrassment Cluster. The correlations among the thematic clusters, as well as their relationships with the Resilience and Vulnerability scores of the children were studied. The Resilience and Vulnerability scores were derived from ratings of the children's House-Tree-Person (HTP) drawings reported in a previous study (Roysircar, Colvin, Afolayan, Thompson, & Robertson, 2017). Data-based similarities and differences between and among thematic clusters, as well as in the thematic clusters by the children's different locations, were investigated. There was a significant negative relationship between the Positive Religious Cluster and HTP Vulnerability. There was a significant positive relationship between the Shame and Embarrassment Cluster and HTP Resilience. All locations had a signi (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Gargi Roysircar EdD (Committee Chair); Donelda Cook PhD (Committee Member); Juris Draguns PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2018, Art/Art History

The goal of this thesis is to delve into the tumultuous past and present of Hispaniola and to explore the ways Haiti and the Dominican Republic have developed and coexist on this island. Each country developed a completely different social, political, linguistic, and cultural system than that of its neighbor. I am focusing on particular historic political episodes from Haiti Revolution (1781-1804), the emancipation of Dominican Republic (1844), and slave era Louisiana, and why these events influenced two diaspora artists; Firelie Baez and Edouard Duval-Carrie and how they are using their art to create a means for reestablishing mutual respect among their respective compatriots. This thesis will follow the path of dislocation that resulted from the booming slave trade on the Island of Hispaniola to the creolization of the new colony of Louisiana. The thesis will analyze the visual resistance of Afro-Caribbean women in 1800s Louisiana and how this resistance can inspire people of today. Artists and cultures have been embedded within globalization and creolization for centuries, even though non-Western artists such as Baez and Duval-Carrie and their cultures have remained in the periphery of the Western mindset. Having been born in the Dominican Republic and Haiti respectively, these two artists each emigrated to the United States. As diaspora artists, both engage their countries problems and triumphs through their artwork. Thanks to the physical and emotional distance from their countries of origin, they have a broader perspective of their island past and present. These descendants of Hispaniola are working to create a dialogue through their artwork on their respective countries and through discussions with other migrants about how to mend the bonds between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Through their art they are proclaiming,Here we are, weve been here for awhile, we cannot be so easily quieted or hidden; Look at us! Hear us ! They are a force that is demanding t (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Rebecca Skinner-Green (Advisor); Sean Leatherbury (Committee Member) Subjects: African American Studies; African History; African Studies; American History; Art Criticism; Art History; Black Studies; Caribbean Studies; Cultural Anthropology

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2018, Civil Engineering

As urbanization increases in cities prone to earthquakes, increasing disaster resilience, or the ability to absorb shock of the disaster, is increasingly important to preserve the integrity of critical infrastructure and save human lives. This study explores the response and resilience of Haiti following the 2010 M7.0 earthquake. Traditional methods of measuring resilience following a major earthquake require census data. Census data is seldom available at a great level of detail. As an alternative to census data, satellite imagery provides an objective measurement of the history of the earth, consistent both in temporal and spatial resolution. The currently available Very High Resolution (VHR) remote sensing sensors observe objects on the ground as small as 0.3 meters. The additional dimensions of volume and shape of the buildings provide the ability to distinguish building functions when compared to the traditional two-dimensional data. From the land cover and land use classification results for each year, a time series analysis analyzes the changes through the years of the individual buildings and building types. Using the building type classification results, the changes in resilience indicators are analyzed by year. Elasticity, amplitude, and malleability are the three indicators used to measure resilience. Elasticity refers to the recovery duration of the city to a stable state after the earthquake; Amplitude refers to the changes in the built-up area caused by the earthquake, essentially how much the city is impacted by the earthquake; finally, malleability refers to the city's new development after the earthquake, compared to its original state. The results are compared to census data to illustrate the correlations between the observed dynamics and the given data, as well as to draw conclusion about the recovery processes. Using satellite images to characterize the resilience of a built-up area is feasible, and change detection analysis can be used to (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Rongjun Qin (Advisor); Desheng Liu (Advisor); Alper Yilmaz (Committee Member) Subjects: Civil Engineering

BA, Oberlin College, 2017, Politics

This thesis examines U.S. democratization efforts in Haiti and Iraq: two instances where the United States used military intervention in its failed attempts to export democracy around the world. If the United States is to continue pursuing democratization, it is necessary for policy makers to modify their practices, as recent attempts have only resulted in failure. Thus, the study of how and why democratization attempts fail is critical in order to minimize the damage created by disastrous attempts at exporting democracy. So, in the Clinton and Bush administration's attempts to implement democracy in Haiti and Iraq, where did the democracy planners go wrong, and how did these mistakes further each country's failure to democratize successfully? Through a careful examination and analysis of the United States' democratization efforts in Haiti and Iraq, this thesis demonstrates that due to an inadequate understanding of universal characteristics of democracy, poor assessments of each country's historical, political, and social contexts as they relate to internal characteristics associated with democracy, and various obstacles to democracy, the Clinton and Bush administrations failed to successfully democratize Haiti and Iraq. Furthermore, these two cases suggest that the very practice of externally motivated and militarily enforced democratization cannot lead to a sustainable democracy.

Committee: Eve Nan Sandberg (Advisor) Subjects: International Relations

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1978, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Education

Psy. D., Antioch University, 2015, Antioch New England: Clinical Psychology

The issues of rising terrorism, violence, and scarcity of basic needs will increase in the coming decades, and children that need psychological services in disaster areas around the world will also increase (Alim, 2008). The study utilized the House-Tree-Person (HTP) projective test to examine the adaptation and maladaptation of Haitian children who lived in extreme urban poverty, broken infrastructure, and relocation camps in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake. The 43 participants of the original archived data set provided 129 protocols of house, tree, and person drawings (Roysircar & Colvin, 2015). Out of that dataset, the present study used 39 HTP protocols from 13 Haitian child participants, ages 7 to 9 years old. The 39 HTP drawings protocols were coded using a Jungian Interpretative Design (Furth, 2002). These coded results were analyzed with a modified qualitative methodology of the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The Jungian Interpretative Design revealed adaptive (“tree has some fruits”) and maladaptive presentations (“the man is holding a machete in his left hand”), and an overall impression (“this person portrays a sense of agency and action”) of the drawings. Seven superordinate and subordinate clustered themes emerged from the IPA: Vulnerability and Powerlessness; Resiliency; Aggression; Well-Being; Sublimated idealization and Fantasy; Self-Efficacy and Agency; and Trauma. The superordinate and subordinate themes from the Haitian children's drawings were compared with themes from two international HTP studies: an Israeli study (Nuttman-Shwartz, Huss, & Altman, 2010) of children who experienced forced re-settlement; and a Chinese study (Wang, Xu, & Wang, 2010) with children who experienced an earthquake (Wenchuan earthquake). The three studies' participants and their stressful environment were comparable. Themes unique to Haitian participants included depiction of naked persons that indicated poverty and fruit-bearing trees in planter (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Gargi Roysircar EdD (Committee Chair); Gina Pasquale PsyD (Committee Member); Porter Eagan PsyD (Committee Member) Subjects: Clinical Psychology

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2015, Leadership and Change

“Chavez, Chavez, Chavez: Chavez no murio, se multiplico!” was the chant outside the National Assembly building after several days of mourning the death of the first President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. This study investigates the leadership of Hugo Chavez and his legacy on race as seen through the eyes and experiences of selected interviewees and his legacy on race. The interviewees were selected based on familiarity with the person and policies of the leadership of Hugo Chavez and his legacy on race. Unfortunately, not much has been written about this aspect of Hugo Chavez despite the myriad attempts to explain his popularity with the Venezuelan people up to the time of his death. It is expected that, as a result of this research, a clearer picture of Hugo Chavez will emerge. The resulting profile of Hugo Chavez focuses on him as a person of power as well as of color—of African and Indigenous descent—who was able to free himself from a colonial mindset (and its oftentimes accompanying internalized racism) and thereby gain the attention of oppressed peoples across the planet who sided with him as he used his power to challenge neoliberalism, the U.S. government, and those who wield power on neoliberalism's behalf inside Venezuela. This research serves as important infrastructure for understanding Hugo's race-conscious leadership in resistance to internalized racism and European domination. This dissertation is accompanied by an MP4 author introduction, a PDF Dissertation Supplement and 4 participant files : 1 MP3 audio and 3 MP4 videos. This Dissertation is available in open access at AURA: Antioch University Repository & Archive, http://aura.antioch.edu/ and OhioLink ETD Center, www.ohiolink.edu/etd .

Committee: Al Guskin PhD (Committee Chair); Philomena Essed PhD (Committee Member); Peter Dale Scott PhD (Committee Member); Joseph Jordan PhD (Other) Subjects: African American Studies; African Americans; Black History; Black Studies; Caribbean Studies; Economic History; Economics; Ethnic Studies; European History; History; International Relations; Latin American History; Latin American Studies; Native American Studies; Peace Studies; Political Science; Public Policy; World History

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2014, Political Science

A complex understanding of food insecurity reveals that emergency food aid efforts often contribute to this problem rather than alleviating it. Both immediate response programs and long-term recovery programs carried out by the United States and the United Nations in Haiti after the January 2010 earthquake focused disproportionately on making food accessible and available in the short-term without appreciating that food’s proper and stable long-term utilization. This thesis explores the ways in which the NGO-based model of aid delivery created during the era of development aid in the late 20th Century carried over into emergency efforts and threatened Haiti’s future food security. I analyze a variety of USAID, UN FAO, and WFP documents on both development and emergency aid to Haiti as well as the broader literature on food security and food aid. I conclude that donors ought to shift away from heavily NGO-dependent giving and give long-term impact more serious consideration in order to improve food aid in future emergency responses.

Committee: Debra Thompson Ph.D (Advisor) Subjects: International Relations; Political Science

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2014, Political Science (Arts and Sciences)

A complex understanding of food insecurity reveals that emergency food aid efforts often contribute to this problem rather than alleviating it. Both immediate response programs and long-term recovery programs carried out by the United States and the United Nations in Haiti after the January 2010 earthquake focused disproportionately on making food accessible and available in the short-term without appreciating that food's proper and stable long-term utilization. This thesis explores the ways in which the NGO-based model of aid delivery created during the era of development aid in the late 20th Century carried over into emergency efforts and threatened Haiti's future food security. I analyze a variety of USAID, UN FAO, and WFP documents on both development and emergency aid to Haiti as well as the broader literature on food security and food aid. I conclude that donors ought to shift away from heavily NGO-dependent giving and give long-term impact more serious consideration in order to improve food aid in future emergency responses.

Committee: Debra Thompson PhD (Committee Chair); Jim Mosher PhD (Committee Member); Andrew Ross PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations; Political Science

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2014, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

With the recent devastation caused by natural disasters, aid organizations have been faced with the challenge of providing shelter for victims; unfortunately, there is a lack of transition between short-term emergency structures and permanent homes. This thesis explores the aid provided by designers as second responders and how architecture can play a role in the long-term rebuilding process. Two crucial elements will be studied: flexibility and cultural identity. Both of these factors are critical in the sustainability of any reconstruction project, especially when foreigners are providing much of the assistance. Organizations, like Architecture for Humanity, have created a network of professionals, tackling the issues that surround disaster reconstruction. Elemental, a firm in Chile, has designed incremental homes, learning from the natural growth of informal settlements. By exploring these, and other small-scale projects, a proposal will be made for a system and participatory process that can be implemented in the Simon Pele community of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, an area damaged by the January 2010 earthquake. Often aid organizations implement universal solutions, making broad assumptions on the needs of victims. Through community participation and professional involvement, disaster relief can provide homes that foster resiliency in residents, and become a catalyst for positive change, allowing individuals to help themselves rather than simply taking a hand out. This is not a single solution, but a framework that encourages adaptation in order to attain the most enduring results. The physical layout of Haitian communities is a direct link to the social structure of the culture. Traditionally, families lived in clusters with a shared courtyard, or lakou. This historic settlement pattern has been adapted to the urban environment, evident in informal settlements and internally displaced peoples camps. By analyzing this cultural phenomenon, a proposal can be made (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Michael Zaretsky M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2011, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

In the last fifty years the world has experienced a significant increase in the number of large-scale natural disasters. Furthermore, because of a lack of resources disasters have a long-lasting substantial impact on impoverished communities in less-developed nations leaving millions of displaced people living in temporary settlements. These people often remain in squalid settlements for years on end, unable to rebuild or return to their community. This thesis presents a solution to improve the quality of life of the residents of these settlements by proposing the integration of thoughtfully designed community spaces. Community life is a crucial factor in the successful emotional and psychological recovery process of disaster victims. Community spaces create a forum in which community life can thrive resulting in improved quality of life and accelerated recovery for the residents. Additionally, these community spaces act as a foundation around which long-term community development can take place, transitioning the so-called temporary settlements into permanent communities.

Committee: Aarati Kanekar PhD (Committee Chair); Michael McInturf MARCH (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2002, History (Arts and Sciences)

This dissertation studies the 1994 U.S. intervention in Haiti, focusing on causation (why did Bill Clinton decide to intervene in Haiti?) and consequences (what did the United States and the United Nations achieve from 1994 to 2001?). Regarding U.S. motives, the dissertation argues that economics and ideology played secondary roles in convincing the Clinton administration to intervene in Haiti. Restoring U.S. and presidential credibility; stopping the flow of Haitian refugees; securing the political support of the Congressional Black Caucus; and responding to demands by Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide were the decisive factors. Regarding consequences, the dissertation views the U.S./U.N. occupation as a political and economic failure. U.S. occupation forces, particularly during the first few months following the 1994 intervention, limited themselves to basic law and order, often with the help of former Haitian soldiers. Political strife soon resumed. A politically divided Haitian government refused to approve economic reforms requested by foreign donors and thus failed to seize this opportunity to better the economic lot of most Haitians. Sources for the dissertation are: World Bank, IMF, UN, OAS, U.S., and Haitian internal government documents; documents obtained under the Freedom of Information Act; interviews with participants; published government documents; U.S., Haitian, French, Canadian, and Venezuelan newspapers and magazines; and secondary literature.

Committee: Michael Grow (Advisor) Subjects: History, Modern