Search Results

1. Hurley, Matthew Sanctuary Lost: The Air War for "Portuguese" Guinea, 1963-1974

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2009, History

From 1963 to 1974, Portugal and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (Partido Africano da Independencia da Guine e Cabo Verde, or PAIGC) waged an increasingly intense war for the independence of “Portuguese” Guinea, then a colony but today the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. For most of this conflict Portugal enjoyed virtually unchallenged air supremacy and increasingly based its strategy on this advantage. The Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, abbreviated FAP) consequently played a central role in the war for Guinea, at times threatening the PAIGC with military defeat. Portugal's reliance on air power compelled the insurgents to search for an effective counter-measure, and by 1973 they succeeded with their acquisition and employment of the Strela-2 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile, altering the course of the war and the future of Portugal itself in the process. To date, however, no detailed study of this seminal episode in air power history has been conducted. In an international climate plagued by insurgency, terrorism, and the proliferation of sophisticated weapons, the hard lessons learned by Portugal offer enduring insight to historians and current air power practitioners alike. This study consequently aims to correct that shortfall in the existing literature. Much of the information in this document has been derived from the reflections and first-hand recollections of combatants on both sides of the conflict. Additional data has been drawn from the archival record, particularly the Archivo Historico da Forca Aerea outside Lisbon and satellite collections of PAIGC documentation in the United States. The collected evidence is presented as a narrative detailing the context and course of the conflict itself, the struggle for air mastery, and the aftermath. Additional contextual information is presented in separate chapters to frame the central narrative regarding the air and air defense war for Guinea. The evidence demonstra (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: John Guilmartin PhD (Advisor); Alan Beyerchen PhD (Committee Member); Ousman Kobo PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: African History; Military History

2. Shaudys, Vincent The Political geography of Dutch New Guinea: external aspects

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1953, Geography

Committee: John Randall (Advisor) Subjects:

3. Noble, Alden Instinctive reactions of guinea pigs /

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1924, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

4. Gilley, Darren Dancing with the Jinn: An Ethnographic Memoir of Transformation in the Field

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2023, Interdisciplinary Arts (Fine Arts)

GILLEY, DARREN R, Ph.D., August 2023, Interdisciplinary Arts Dancing with the Jinn: An Ethnographic Memoir of Transformation in the Field Directors of Dissertation: Erin S. Schlumpf, Diane Ciekawy, Tom Hayes, and Vladimir Marchenkov This dissertation, Dancing with the Jinn, is an ethnographic exploration of the secret terrain of mediumship in West African ritual. I rely on years of fieldwork in the Republique de Guinee and document several events that forced me to confront the reality of other-than-human beings as participants in ritual music practices. As a result of these experiences, I seek to answer two essential questions. The first is to better understand the methods and politics of reciprocal exchanges between the djembefola1 and the various other-than-human entities. The second is determining how percussive phrases operate as sonic keys to unlock portals into this largely unfamiliar world. I argue that percussive rhythms serve as sonic phrases that open portals between humans and non-human realms containing spirits, ancestors, and jinn.

Committee: Erin Schlumph (Committee Chair); Diane Ciekawy (Committee Co-Chair); Diane Ciekawy (Committee Co-Chair); Vladimir Marchenkov (Committee Member); Vladimir Marchenkov (Committee Member); Tom Hayes (Committee Member); Tom Hayes (Committee Member) Subjects: African Studies; Cultural Anthropology; Film Studies

5. Kessler, Rachel An Examination of the Role of Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation in Mediating the Link Between Early-Life Stress and the Sensitization of Neuroinflammatory-Based Depressive-Like Behavior in Isolated Guinea Pig Pups

Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, 2023, Anatomy

Early-life stress appears to sensitize neuroinflammatory signaling to increase later vulnerability for stress-related mental disorders. How stress initiates this process is unknown, but sympathetic nervous system activation during the early stress may be key. Isolated guinea pig pups display inflammatory-mediated depressive-like behavior and fever that sensitize on repeated isolation. We assessed whether sympathetic nervous system activity contributed to the sensitization process in guinea pig pups. In Experiment 1, the adrenergic agonist ephedrine, either alone or with cortisol, did not increase depressive-like behavior or fever during an initial isolation the following day. In Experiment 2, both depressive-like behavior and fever sensitized with repeated isolation, but beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol did not affect either of these responses or their sensitization. Results suggest sympathetic nervous system activation is neither necessary nor sufficient to induce the increased neuroinflammatory signaling underlying sensitization of depressive-like behavioral or febrile responses in developing guinea pigs.

Committee: Michael B. Hennessy Ph.D. (Advisor); Michal J. Kraszpulski Ph.D. (Committee Member); Patricia A. Schiml Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Developmental Psychology

6. Johnson, James No More Guinea Pigs: Examining African American Distrust of the Medical Community

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2021, Bioethics

In the 21st century, we have experienced tremendous growth and innovation in medicine and medical technology. From innovative advancements in drug therapies, assisted reproduction, neuroimaging, chemotherapy, robotic surgeries, and improved skillsets for clinicians, the medical community has made tremendous strides in providing extraordinary services to the community at large. However, the history of medical advancements has not been favorable toward people of color. African Americans have been disproportionately affected by medical abuses and experimentations in regards to medical research. The commodification of black bodies assured the medical community that it had an ample supply of research material. What followed was a history of distrust between African Americans and the medical community that has existed to the present time. The writer argues that getting over the hurdle of distrust will require a re-structuring of the fractured relationship between the medical community and the African American community.

Committee: Dana Howard PhD (Committee Chair); Courtney Thiele JD, MA (Committee Member); Jordan Brown PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Medical Ethics

7. Bertke, Alexander Social Buffering By Unfamiliar Adult Males in Periadolescent Guinea Pigs: The Effects on HPA Axis Activity And Fos Induction In The Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, 2019, Anatomy

In the guinea pig, the ability of the mother's presence to buffer hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis activation in her young during exposure to stressful stimuli has been well documented. Under similar testing conditions, other conspecifics (littermates, other adult females) are less effective in doing so. The effect does seem to wane with age but is still present to a significant degree in offspring approaching adolescence. However, we recently observed that an unfamiliar adult male buffered HPA axis activation and increased Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex of preweaning infants exposed to a novel enclosure at both 60 and 120 minutes but did not buffer HPA axis activation in periadolescent guinea pigs tested at 60 minutes. Here, we found that an unfamiliar adult male buffered mean plasma cortisol levels in periadolescent guinea pigs exposed to a novel enclosure at 120 minutes. Social interactions between the adult male and periadolescent were observed with the periadolescent vocalizing less but exhibiting more passive behavior and locomotion than when alone. Fos values in the prefrontal cortex were lower than values measured in prior studies and were not affected by the presence of the male. In summary, unfamiliar adult males are, in fact, capable of buffering plasma cortisol responses in periadolescent guinea pigs if given a sufficient amount of time for the effect to be detected. We found no evidence that this buffering was mediated by increased prefrontal activity.

Committee: Michael Hennessy Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Patricia Schiml Ph.D. (Committee Member); Barbara Kraszpulska Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Developmental Psychology; Neurobiology

8. Willie, Nigani Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-rich Protein 2 Gene Variation and Malaria Detection in Madagascar and Papua New Guinea

Master of Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2018, Biology

Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) forms the basis of many current malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, parasites lacking the pfhrp2 gene do not express the PfHRP2 protein and are, therefore, not identifiable by PfHRP2-detecting RDTs. In this study, the performance of the SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan RDT together with pfhrp2 variation in Madagascar was evaluated. The study also evaluated pfhrp2 gene variation in PNG. Genomic DNA isolated from patient blood samples from Madagascar (n = 260) and PNG (n = 169) were subjected to molecular detection (18S rRNA PCR, followed by post-PCR LDR-FMA) for the identification of Plasmodium spp. infections. PCR amplification of the pfhrp2 gene, sequencing and gene analysis enabled studying of gene variation. PCR diagnosis showed that 28.8% (75/260) in Madagascar and 81.1% (137/169) in PNG had Plasmodium infections. 94.6% (71/75) and 91.2% (125/137), of the infections were P. falciparum in Madagascar and PNG, respectively. Compared to molecular detection, the sensitivity and specificity of the RDT (in Madagascar) for P. falciparum detection were 87% and 89%, respectively. From randomly selected pfhrp2 gene-positive samples, 16 pfhrp2 gene sequences from Madagascar and 18 pfhrp2 gene sequences from PNG were generated. Although extensive variations of the pfhrp2 gene were observed in both countries, this study showed that there was no indication of pfhrp2 deletion. The study also did not observe a clear correlation between pfhrp2 sequence structure and RDT detection rates. Although the absence of pfhrp2 deletion from the samples screened here is encouraging, continued monitoring of the efficacy of RDTs currently used in Madagascar and PNG is warranted.

Committee: Peter Zimmerman A. (Advisor); Daniel Tisch J. (Committee Member); Emmitt Jolly R. (Committee Member); Hillel Chiel (Committee Chair) Subjects: Biology; Epidemiology; Genetics; Molecular Biology; Parasitology

9. Soric, Kristina Empires of Fiction: Coloniality in the Literatures of the Nineteenth-Century Iberian Empires after the Age of Atlantic Revolutions

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, Spanish and Portuguese

This dissertation reassesses the literatures of the nineteenth-century Iberian empires after the Age of Atlantic Revolutions, as the persistence of Spanish and Portuguese coloniality tends to be misinterpreted within their respective literatures as a result of their omission from the dominant historiographical narratives of Modern Europe. This project shifts the focus of literary analysis away from Eurocentric debates that compare Spain and Portugal to the rest of the Modern European empires, and instead compares their reinvigorated engagement with the Antilles and Africa after the significant colonial losses incurred early in the century. As such, this study calls for the analysis of colonial/hybrid texts in conjunction with the rereading of metropolitan works to elucidate the persistence of coloniality and its relevance previously unexplored within the cultures and literatures of the nineteenth-century peninsular metropolises, while also emphasizing the imperial discourses and colonial practices that not only articulated but also served to perpetuate the power dynamics of coloniality along the century. The examination of the nineteenth-century Iberian literatures by way of an archive that reflects the reach of their empires reveals the documentation of imperial ideologies and practices largely erased from the popular imperial narratives of Spain and Portugal, as well as those of the larger Modern Atlantic world: namely, the persistence of slavery and its illegal trade, the harsh realities of historically idealized miscegenation, the role of colonial subjects as protagonists in decolonization, as well as the continuing role of Iberian migration and slavery within the nineteenth-century imperial Atlantic. On the other hand, the study of the Spanish and Portuguese empires through a comparative perspective highlights the important differences between the two enterprises, offering more productive readings of their literatures as a receptacle for the particular expre (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Pedro Schacht Pereira (Advisor); Salvador García (Committee Member); Rebecca Haidt (Committee Member) Subjects: African Literature; Caribbean Literature; Comparative Literature; European Studies; Modern History; Modern Language; Modern Literature; Romance Literature

10. Kaloga, Marissa The Role of Social Capital in Cooperative Groups: A Mixed-Methods Study of Women's Collective Savings Groups in Conakry, Guinea

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, Social Work

Financial inclusion programs have seen remarkable growth throughout the last two decades, with continued annual growth of up to 15% predicted for micro-credit along in the Sub-Saharan African region over the next three years. However, as private investment funds begin to dominate microfinance funding streams, there is debate about the benefits of microcredit for the population most targeted with these funds: women in the Global South. One aspect of this debate concerns the need for social capital, resources embedded in social networks, for the success of microcredit lending. While its necessity is acknowledged, the way that social capital is created, structured, and employed in women's groups is not adequately understood. By better understanding these aspects of social capital, microcredit programs can be better designed, and the ethical implications of expanding microfinance services can be better understood. Employing a mixed methodology of qualitative interviewing and social network analysis, this study explores the phenomenon of social capital across a diverse sample of 12 women's collective financial groups, including both informal savings clubs and micro-credit groups located in the West African urban capital of Conakry, Guinea. A multi-dimensional model of social capital developed by the World Bank was modified for use with this research population and included six domains: Access to Resources, Trust, Communication, Cooperation, Social Cohesion, and Empowerment. In depth qualitative interviews with 84 members of collective finance groups were analyzed to answer the question: What are Guinean women's experiences as members of collective financial groups? Upon developing an understanding of the groups, this study then asked: How is social capital structured in the groups, and how do the social capital networks of collective financial groups function? Sociometric network analysis examined a global measure of social capital as well as analysis of each of s (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Mo Yee Lee PhD (Committee Chair); Sharvari Karandikar PhD (Committee Member); Keith Warren PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: African Studies; Social Work; Womens Studies