Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1966, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1963, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1960, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2018, Geology

Alkali-aggregate reactions (AAR), including alkali-carbonate reactions (ACR) and alkali-silica reactions (ASR), may be a cause of premature degradation of concrete. Conventional ASTM testing suggested that some NW Ohio sourced dolostone aggregates were susceptible to AAR. However, these tests do not provide direct evidence of AAR and may take up to a year to perform. Therefore, this study was performed using modern analytical techniques to investigate AAR susceptibility of crushed dolostone sources through dolomite crystal texture analysis, evaluation of impurities, etc., as well as to directly detect AAR-type byproducts in concrete. PLM, insoluble residue testing, XRD, XRF, ICP-OES, and SEM/EDS analyses were conducted on aggregate and concrete samples. The results of these analyses suggest that there was a definitive relationship between dolomite formation conditions and ASR susceptibility but the relationship with dedolomitization was less straightforward. Impure, fine-grained dolostone aggregates with planar textures may be more prone to ASR and associated expansion. These aggregates contain greater concentrations of silica, which are proportional to concentrations of dissolved silicon in highly alkaline environments. In the concrete samples, the presence of reaction rims and carbonate haloes containing calcite and brucite indicated dedolomitization occurred in all samples, even at 28 days, due to the highly alkaline concrete pore solutions. However, the conspicuous presence of dedolomitization was not associated with deleterious expansion in the year-long test. ASR, which may be promoted by dedolomitization, is the likely cause of expansion and degradation due to AAR. ASR was not abundantly observed due to the short curing duration of the concrete in addition to the low-alkali cement and the relatively unreactive intercrystalline alpha quartz grains. Future research should focus on the analysis of potentially deleterious sources using modern analytical methods a (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: John Farver PhD (Advisor); James Evans PhD (Committee Member); Yuning Fu PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geochemistry; Mineralogy; Sedimentary Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1987, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1986, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Paleontology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1975, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1970, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1960, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1952, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2015, Geology

Regional fluid migrations associated with orogenic events have a number of significant geologic consequences in the continental interior, such as the emplacement of hydrocarbons, mineralization, and diagenesis. It is currently believed that fluids associated with the Alleghanian orogeny in the central Appalachians where sourced from the eastern portion of the Piedmont, migrated westward, passing below the Blue Ridge, into the Valley and Ridge region, and finally into the craton. Previous studies have provided details about fluids across much of the central Appalachians, but one gap remains: the western portion of the Piedmont. Using fluid inclusion microthermometry on vein samples throughout the western Piedmont, the trapping conditions and fluid composition were found and used to compare the fluid history of this region with that of other regions to determine if the Piedmont was part of the westward fluid migration. The fluids of the western Piedmont were found to be very uniform in terms of trapping conditions and fluid composition regardless of vein type, rock unit and lithology, and sample location. All inclusions were two-phase (L+V) and were found to consist of a low salinity H2O+NaCl brine with a large majority of them having homogenization temperatures between 140 and 200°C. The age of the veins and fluids cannot be well constrained. While most veins are probably associated with early phases of deformation and metamorphism during the late Ordovician Taconic orogeny and/or the early Silurian Cherokee orogeny, the fluid inclusions in them may be younger and related to recrystallization and/or reequilibration during younger events, such as the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny. Considering the regionally uniform microthermometric properties of the inclusions, their relatively low trapping temperatures and pressures, low salinity fluid composition, the lack of reequilibration textures, and the lack of evidence for significant Alleghanian deformation in (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Charles Onasch (Advisor); John Farver (Committee Member); Kurt Panter (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science, University of Toledo, 2013, Geology

The four-dimensional surficial geology of Fulton County, Ohio is presented to elucidate the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene deglacial history of the Huron-Erie Lake Plain. Ice-walled lake plains and the previously mapped lower Maumee strandline were evaluated in detail to help resolve controversies regarding their origins. High resolution light detecting and ranging imagery, ground penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity imaging allow rapid and accurate surveying of subtle topographic features in the flat till plains of NW Ohio where natural exposures of the stratigraphy are scarce. Optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) provides ages of sandy surficial sediments which often lack datable organics. Five terrains were mapped based on depositional environments: alluvial, eolian, glacial, glacial fluvial, and glacial lacustrine, which are characterized of various packages of sand, sand and gravel, pebbly sand, clay silt, and clay silt diamict. Two texturally distinct tills were identified and correlate to the Early and Late Woodfordian tills documented in other areas of the Huron-Erie Lake Plain. Nine OSL ages collected from sandy surficial sediments range from 19.4 ± 1.1 to 11.8 ± 0.6 ka providing some absolute age control and giving insight into the deglacial history. The oldest age of 19.4 ± 1.1 ka coincides with the Erie Interstadial and is older than the previously documented age of the Defiance Moraine. Auger borings of an ice-walled lake plain recovered interbedded sand and gravel underlain by clay diamict along its rim, while a resistivity survey imaged four inferred sediment types: lacustrine silt, clay diamicton, sand and gravel, and a loamy diamicton. Auger borings of another ice-walled lake plain only recovered diamicton. Both subglacial and supraglacial processes may explain ice-walled lake plain formation. The lower Maumee strandline mapped by Forsyth (1959) and Anderson (2011) has an elevation more consistent with the middle stand at (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Timothy Fisher (Advisor) Subjects: Geology; Geomorphology

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2012, Geology

The Blue Ridge province of the Appalachians is an allochthonous structural unit, which has been deformed into an anticlinorium that is overturned to the northwest. Folding and development of a pervasive southeast-dipping cleavage are attributed to the northwest transport of both crystalline and sedimentary thrust sheets during the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny. Phyllites and schists in the late Proterozoic Catoctin Formation and in the Cambrian Harpers Formation have abundant evidence for multiple phases of deformation, though the timing and importance of these structures is still unclear. Fluid inclusion microthermometry along with detailed structural analyses of Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian rocks in the Blue Ridge were completed to construct a fluid history of the region. The combination of these methods allows for characterization of deformation phases and estimation of pressure/temperature conditions, which provide a more comprehensive picture of the tectonic evolution of the region. Structural analysis established the geometry and timing of three deformation phases in relation to the pervasive Alleghanian cleavage. Microthermometry identified at least four fluids from primary, pseudosecondary, and secondary inclusions in quartz veins. Two-phase aqueous inclusions were used to characterize fluid populations on the basis of homogenization temperature and composition. Pre-cleavage veins are characterized by high temperature (Th ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 210 °C) fluids with moderate salinities (approximately 5-15 wt. NaCl equivalent). Syn-cleavage fluids occur at moderate temperatures (Th = 150-205 °C) and variable salinities (approximately 5-25 wt. NaCl equivalent). Post-cleavage fluids are characterized by low temperatures (Th ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ 150 °C) and low salinities (approximately 2-10 wt. NaCl equivalent). Eutectic temperatures indicate both simple and complex mixtures of Na, Ca, and Mg brines in successive vein generations. Migrating, orogenic fluids found in the adjace (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Charles Onasch (Advisor); John Farver (Committee Member); Kurt Panter (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2012, Geology

Quartz cement formed during diagenesis is the principle cause of porosity and permeability reduction in sandstones and therefore greatly affects reservoir quality. Predictive quartz cement models have provided a basic ability to estimate reservoir quality for quartz-rich rocks under ideal diagenetic conditions. However, examination of more complex, specific diagenetic environments is required to improve the accuracy of predictive models applied to unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Our experimental and numerical approach to this problem has examined quartz cementation processes by: 1) assessing the feasibility of relatively low temperature hydrothermal flow-through experiments for investigating silica dissolution, transport, and precipitation processes during diagenesis in active fluid flow environments, and 2) to assessing the effect of grain size and sorting on the rate of quartz cementation and corresponding pore space evolution in sandstones under static hydrothermal conditions. Hydrothermal flow-through results indicate that small amounts of new quartz cement can be generated in less than 10 days at relatively low temperatures when compared to previous experimental work. Results obtained from static hydrothermal experiments indicate that grain size and sorting effect both the rate of quartz cementation in our experiments and corresponding pore space evolution. The surface area normalized rate is observed to decrease more rapidly in fine grain size experiments when compared to coarse grain size experiments. Additionally, pore space analysis of both experimental and modeled results indicates that while all grain size fractions rapidly converge on similar total porosity values the 2D connectivity of porosity varies markedly as a function of grain size and sorting.

Committee: Farver John PhD (Committee Chair); Onasch Charles PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Panter Kurt PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Geology

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1956, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1956, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1950, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2006, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1956, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1924, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: