Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2009, History (Arts and Sciences)

This thesis examines the activity of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD), a citizens committee founded in December, 1950, by James B. Conant and Tracy S. Voorhees. The CPD believed that neither the government nor the people of the United States paid sufficient regard to the immediate military threat posed by the Soviet Union. To remedy this situation, the CPD favored a strong American response to what it perceived as a growing trend of aggressive actions by the Soviet Union and its allies, highlighted by the ongoing Korean War. High on the CPD's agenda was support for compulsory military service for a period of two years for all eighteen-year-old males, under a system known as universal military service. Previous studies have contended that the CPD played a major role in the political discussions on national security in the first half of 1951, known as the Great Debate. Through an examination of the evidence, including the committee's own files, it is clear that the CPD's role was far less significant than previously understood, that its relationship with the administration was far from harmonious, and that its political campaigning was often ineffective at a crucial time in the Cold War.

Committee: Chester J. Pach PhD (Advisor); Paul Milazzo PhD (Committee Member); Alonzo Hamby PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: History

Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2013, History (Arts and Sciences)

This work traces the history of the American Committee on East-West Accord and its efforts to promote policies to reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s. This organization of elite Americans attempted to demonstrate that there was support for policies of U.S.-Soviet accommodation and sought to discredit its opponents, especially the Committee on the Present Danger. This work argues that the Committee, although largely failing to achieve its goals, illustrates the wide-reaching nature of the debate on U.S.-Soviet relations during this period, and also demonstrates the enduring elements of the U.S.-Soviet detente of the early 1970s.

Committee: Chester Pach PhD (Advisor); Kevin Mattson PhD (Committee Member); Ingo Trauschweizer PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Political Science