MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2024, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Abstract: Memory impacts who we are as individuals and how we organize and structure the world around us. Many theorists have questioned whether memory is an individual or collective experience, and the answer to that question remains to be determined. Nonetheless, religion, its practices, and its rituals has historically impacted the memories and, subsequently, the death practices of people throughout history. This begs the question of whether sacred death practices and deathscapes can be cultivated, outside of the context of religion, to express and affect the collective memory of today's society. An in-depth analysis of the theory surrounding collective memory – as defined by Maurice Halbwachs in La Memoire Collective and extrapolated upon by Aldo Rossi in The Architecture of the City – and the theory regarding the components of the sacred – written upon by Ioan Augustin in Sacred Space and practically applied to contemporary spaces by Thomas Barrie in Spiritual Path, Sacred Place – was conducted. This provided criteria for the components of the sacred, against which several deathscape precedents were compared. Results indicated that, while some precedents had been successful in the creation of deathscapes which had met the criteria of sacred space, even outside of overtly religious connotations, very few of these projects had been completed in the United States. Given that the United States has had a long and complex history regarding death practices and the creation of deathscapes, the applicability of the aforementioned precedent analyses is limited. It is critical then that a new deathscape is designed that can reflect and be reflected in the contemporary collective memory of American society.

Committee: Vincent Sansalone M.Arch. (Committee Member); Edward Mitchell M.Arch (Committee Chair) Subjects: Architectural

Bachelor of Arts, Ohio University, 2020, Political Science

This thesis explores how historical sites impact the collective memory of slavery in the United States.

Committee: Kathleen Sullivan (Advisor) Subjects: African American Studies; American History; Black History; History; Legal Studies; Modern History; Museums; Political Science

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2019, American Culture Studies

The question of how the Vietnam War has is remembered in American public memory is a difficult one. While a tremendous body of work exists that explains the nuances of and tribulations of American memory of the conflict through examinations of film, memorial sites, and museums, very little work exists that addresses how comic book-based television shows and films or video games access or even influence memory. As more recent American conflicts begin to occupy spaces previously reserved for memory of older conflicts, synergies of disparate memories and memory structures may occur, especially in the realm of entertainment that commodifies memory for mass consumption. This study explores intersections of popular media and the Vietnam War by: 1) consulting and synthesizing memory theory relevant to this area of memory, including work by John Bodnar, Carol Gluck, Viet Thanh Nguyen, and Allison Landsberg; 2) contributing new models to theorize memory structures, including intersections of market forces and official memory in the way media is organized for consumers and how anxieties related to older events manifest themselves in media set in later times; 3) how comic-based media are rich texts for memory analysis, particularly as they are adapted for wider consumption; and 4) how modern military shooter video games access and reinforce potentially damaging patterns of American memory.

Committee: Andrew Schocket PhD (Advisor); Jeffrey Brown PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American Studies

MA, Kent State University, 2016, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

This thesis explores the process of memorialization and cultural interpretations of the Rafle du Vel d'Hiv, or Vel d'Hiv roundups, in Paris after 1945. During the postwar period, France faced the difficult task of reuniting a divided nation wounded from the humiliation of defeat in 1940 and the reality that many French citizens had willingly collaborated with the Germans. One event in particular, the Vel d'Hiv roundups, weighed heavy on the nation's conscience as French police willingly organized and implemented the deportation of 13,152 Jews from Paris in 1942. As a result, few scholarly works existed regarding the nation's role in such atrocities and instead the memory of the Second World War focused on the legacy of a united Resistance movement under Charles de Gaulle. This image of the war would stay intact until cultural changes in the 1960s prompted a re-evaluation of the nation's past. The subsequent trials for crimes against humanity of former Vichy officials and calls for public recognition of French complicity in these roundups on behalf of the Republic prompted a public discussion of what it meant to be "French" in light of these atrocities. Popular books and films that were released in the following decade picked up where these debates left off to ensure the lessons of the past were not forgotten. Focusing on the way these changes influenced the commemoration of the Vel d'Hiv roundups, this thesis argues that by bringing issues of collaboration to the forefront of French public discourse, the public debates and conflicts that arose throughout the postwar period regarding the memory of Vichy pushed the site of the Vel d'Hiv into the spotlight and prompted the memory of this event to play an integral role in the way France redefined its past and implemented policies of memorialization for the future.

Committee: Timothy Scarnecchia Dr. (Advisor); Kenneth Bindas Dr. (Committee Member); Mindy Farmer Dr. (Committee Member); Sara Hume Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: European History; European Studies; History; Holocaust Studies; Judaic Studies; Modern History

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2009, Communication Studies (Communication)

Rhetorical scholars have examined the ways in which memory is visually and materially enacted. While most research has concentrated on national scale subjects (e.g., the Vietnam War, the Oklahoma City bombing, the attacks of September 11th) when exploring collective memory, little attention has been given to vernacular engagements with the past. Memory art provides a rich area of inquiry for investigating rhetorical techniques used by artists to memorialize and inventively (re)create visions of familial memory and communal pasts.This dissertation explores the narrative capacity of artwork and how visual texts can be narratively experienced to engage with collective memories. Drawing upon theories in feminism, rhetoric, and collective memory, I theorize a visual narrative perspective grounded in a Bakhtinian understanding of dialogic intertextuality. This perspective views narrative as a sense-making process in which the rhetor and viewer intertextually co-construct textual meanings. Textual meanings of photographic images, specifically memory art, are intertextually co-produced through the dialogic interaction amongst rhetor, artifact, and viewer. Audiences converse with artists through images, merging their subjective knowledges and voices with the artist's intentions. Specifically, I examine three artworks by Chicago-based artist Esther Parada to highlight this theory of visual narrativity. First, I explore the photomural Past Recovery and examine how Parada utilizes different visual tropes to invite me into the text. Then, I investigate the hypertext, Transplant: A Tale of Three Continents, and consider how the multilinear structure elicits narrative co-constructions. Finally, I analyze the multimedia installation piece, When the Bough Breaks and examine how different traces encourage a (re)piecing together of loss and memories. Collectively, Parada's photographic works provide alternative ways of seeing and remembering personal and collective pasts.

Committee: William Rawlins Dr. (Committee Co-Chair); Benjamin Bates Dr. (Committee Co-Chair); Raymie McKerrow Dr. (Committee Member); Lynn Harter Dr. (Committee Member); Thomas Patin Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Communication

BA, Oberlin College, 2011, Sociology

The Salvadoran Civil War (1980-1992), fought between the state's military and a leftist guerrilla group (the FMLN) ended in a peace agreement brokered by the United Nations that acknowledged both sides as equal partners in the reconstruction of civil society. As a result, both camps have been able to write their histories, erect their monuments and hold celebrations in honor of their martyrs. This project studies these competing narratives and the forms in which this history is preserved, and presents an analysis of four key figures, two who reflect the continuing fractured state of historical memory (Major Roberto d'Aubuisson and Col. Domingo Monterrosa), and two who offer the hope that someday, a unifying, healing narrative can emerge (Archbishop Oscar Romero and Comandante Schafik Handal). The goal of this project is to explore how the mythologies these icons are understood and expressed, and what it indicates about collective memory in post-war El Salvador.

Committee: Veljko Vujacic (Advisor); Sebastiaan Faber (Advisor) Subjects: History; Latin American Studies; Sociology

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2006, History

This thesis is an attempt to articulate the meanings of collective memory as well as investigate its utility for analyzing memory of the Vietnam War. This conflict was the longest war in American history and remains one of the most divisive memories for the American public. Two forms of cultural memory, American history high school textbooks and presidential campaign rhetoric, reveal the contested nature of memory. The constant revisions of textbook interpretations of the war highlight the changes in memory over time. In contrast, reoccurring issues in presidential campaign debates reveal the persistent controversies that continue to haunt Americans' cultural memories of the Vietnam War.

Committee: Allan Winkler (Advisor) Subjects: History, United States

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2024, Sociology

In the thirty-year period since the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, the country has grappled with how to unify its citizens, prevent reprisal waves of violence, and promote forgiveness, with the goal of rebuilding the state. One of the solutions Rwanda has created to help solve these problems is to develop and propagate a unique national collective memory of the genocide. A major component of Rwanda's state-led collective memory comes from annual commemoration ceremonies in which communities come together to hear governmentally sanctioned accounts of the genocide from people who survived, rescued, and perpetrated. Prior research has shown that survivors' accounts at commemorations and memorials center around cohesive narratives that fit neatly within the governments account of the genocide. This criteria for whose narratives are shared has led to concerns about if narratives of certain groups, such as people who rescued or women, are being omitted. This research examines whose stories have not been told, with an emphasis on gender and on those who risked their lives to save others during the genocide. In total, 175 in-depth qualitative interviews (Male=113, Female=62) were conducted from 2018 to 2020 with individuals who rescued during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. Within these interviews, fifty individuals expressed having never shared their experiences of the genocide at commemoration. Over half of those individuals were women (N=27). Common reasoning given by these women for having not shared their story included their husbands always being asked to testify instead of them, having never been asked to testify, and heightened emotional states surrounding the commemoration. These findings point towards the silencing of women's narratives, resulting in their exclusion from Rwanda's collective memory of the genocide.

Committee: Hollie Nyseth Nzitatira (Committee Chair); Vincent Roscigno (Committee Member); Eric Schoon (Committee Member) Subjects: Sociology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2023, Sociology

Fifteen years passed between when the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first discovered to when the first viable treatment became widely available. During that fifteen-year period, which I call the HIV/AIDS crisis, sexual minority men had borne the brunt of the HIV epidemic. Not only had their community faced the vast majority of new HIV infections and HIV-related deaths, but they had also dealt with the emotional pain of having experienced such loss. Research on the HIV/AIDS crisis has commonly focused on how these challenging times impacted the lives of sexual minority men in the cohort that lived through those uncertain times. However, there has been a lack of attention paid to how these crisis times may have had an impact on sexual minority men more broadly as a multi-cohort community, especially in regard to their culture and long-term health. The potential for this broader community impact is especially important given that new theoretical insights have emerged surrounding how cultural traumas, like the HIV/AIDS crisis, might influence health disparities—especially for marginalized groups. A large amount of literature has documented a lasting association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health because SES enables or limits access to resources (like money, knowledge, power, prestige, and beneficial social ties) that help individuals access medical innovations. Other social factors like racism and stigma have been shown to limit access to these health protection and advancement resources as well. Still, a dearth of literature has explored how such health disparities could be driven by cultural trauma specifically. Therefore, that is the task of this dissertation. Utilizing interviews from the Generations Study and the Columbus PrEP Perception Study, I investigate how the HIV/AIDS crisis is a cultural trauma for sexual minority men and its implications for their HIV prevention practices. Chapter 1 introduces literature on the HIV/AIDS (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Hollie Nyseth Nzitatira (Advisor); Sarah Hayford (Committee Member); Cynthia Colen (Committee Member) Subjects: Sociology

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 0, Musicology

The romance was the preeminent French song form from the mid-eighteenth through the mid-nineteenth centuries. These simple, strophic, often amorous songs permeated the French and French colonial musical scenes, appearing on operatic and concert stages, and in boarding schools, prisons, military barracks, and especially domestic spaces like salons and drawing rooms. The romance was the sonic emblem of French style and identity, a celebrated and central aspect of the French soundworld. Despite its historical significance, however, the genre and its myriad professional and amateur composers, poets, performers, and listeners have been all-but forgotten; the romance has been reduced to an immature foil for the later melodies of Gabriel Faure and Claude Debussy. In this dissertation, I shift focus back to the romance, to the culture with which it interacted, and to the people that produced and treasured it from the Revolution to the Third Republic (1789-1870). I argue that the romance functioned as a kind of melodic pedagogy, a musical means to mold the identities, values, and worldviews of its consumers. Composers, poets, publishers, and performers exploited the genre's emotional powers and inherent catchiness—along with a particularly French method of vocal production—to propagate largely conservative ideas of gender, class, race, history, the body, and the mind in an attempt to define and fix France's place in an increasingly disordered post-revolutionary and imperialist world. Chapter 1 explores the largely-forgotten performance practices that animated the romance, including issues of vocal production, expressive timbres, gesture, and ornamentation. I argue that these practices were heard as uniquely French, and that to understand how the music operated aesthetically, socially, and politically, we must first understand how it was performed. In Chapter 2, I position the romance as a tool of moral pedagogy for girls, focusing on ways in which it was folded i (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Francesca Brittan (Advisor); Susan McClary (Committee Member); Christine Cano (Committee Member); Daniel Goldmark (Committee Member); Peter Bennett (Committee Member) Subjects: Music

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2022, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

In a developing country as India, there is a vast sociocultural gap between Urban and Rural ecosystems. As per the Census 2021, ‘urbanization is spreading, and rural India will be History' soon (Down to Earth,2019). While this might seem like progress at face value, the phenomenon of a predominantly rural community converting to urban spheres is a sign of alarm to the cultural diversity of India. But more importantly, ‘the immediate concern is whether India's farming population will' ‘migrate to nonfarm occupation', posing an obvious question; will food scarcity become more rampant than it is, or can farming be ‘lucrative enough to provide for the survival of its farmers', and the rural community at large. While 74% of India's population is rural people, architecture has done little to reverse this migration force. The thesis proposes Rural Agro-tourism as a solution to reverse the migration flow from rural to urban areas by providing economic opportunities and retaining socio-cultural fabric through the appropriation of threshold spaces using critical regional theory. A threshold is a structural entity that marks the transition from one region to another which facilitates transition, in-betweenness, and is characterized by ambivalence fosters a mix of conditions, people and creates a dynamic nature of space. The paper focuses on developing a design methodology for the concept of swadeshi thresholds where swadeshi means ‘of one's own country'. Swadeshi Thresholds discuss built identity that evokes a sense of place, through the socio-cultural ethos and climatic appropriation which is ignored in many contemporary constructions due to a fascination with Western glass facades. Thresholds will be deconstructed and reconstructed through Till Boettger's framework of threshold analysis. The lack of vocabulary in the framework for describing the location of place-making elements in the threshold is filled by borrowing Ing Kevin lynches framework of places (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Vincent Sansalone M.Arch. (Committee Member); Joss Kiely Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2021, Anthropology

Within the United States, Ohio has the fifth largest population of Ukrainian Americans in the country (DADS, 2010). Ukrainian Americans and immigrants living in Ohio show evidence of active community and identity engagement, through their maintenance of several historically significant community organizations. They participate in many dedicated cultural associations, community organizations, and churches which have exhibited an increase in internal diaspora networking and public events in recent years. In particular, The Ukrainian Cultural Association of Ohio displays a noticeable revitalization of culture and nationalism. This increased and revitalized interest in Ukrainian culture and nationalism appears to indicate a shift in collective identity construction and a restructuring of historical memory. This study, conducted from November 2020 through March 2021, explores the ways in which Ukrainians in Ohio negotiate their identities in relation to current events in Ukraine. Using literature on identity formation, nation states, and collective historical memory, this study analyzed semi structured interview data to examine Ukrainian immigrants' conceptualizations of identity. Specifically, it analyses how conceptualizations of identity have changed in the seven years since the Revolution of Dignity and the annexation of Crimea, and how those events affect Ukrainian immigrants in Ukraine.

Committee: Diane Ciekawy (Advisor) Subjects: Cultural Anthropology

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2020, Leadership and Change

This dissertation illuminates how the experience of growing up during the Chilean dictatorship (1973–1990) affected the individual's sense of self as citizen and the impact on their sense of democratic agency, civic-mindedness, and political engagement in their country's current democracy. To understand that impact, the researcher chose to study her own generation, the “Pinochet-era” generation (Cummings, 2015) and interviewed those who were part of the Chilean middle class, who despite not being explicit victims of perpetrators, were raised in dictatorship and surrounded by abuse of state power including repression, disappearance, and imprisonment. The theoretical frame of the Socio-Political Development Theory (Watt, Williams, & Jagers, 2003) helped to understand the process that participants went through and how they moved from an A-Critical Stage, with a complete absence of awareness and understanding about what was happening in their world at the time of the coup d'Etat, to a stage of critical consciousness surrounded by empathy for those who were suffering human rights violations which were the main drivers to latter participate in a liberation process. This development of a critical consciousness was influenced—among others—by specific family and social context which promoted transgenerational (Uwineza & Brackelaire, 2014) and intergenerational dialogue (Reyes, Cornejo, Cruz, Carrillo, & Caviedes, 2015) processes, where values, heritage, and ways of acting were transmitted. The narrative approach helped to elicit stories about participants' life events from the coup d'Etat to present. Through the exploration of 15 narrative interviews it was also possible to collect participants' memories and observe how they currently manifest their civic commitment and social responsibility. Their collective memory, influenced by a collective grief (Metraux, 2005b), still lingers over 40 years later and helps us to understand their life-long commitment and passion to fight (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Laurien Alexandre PhD (Committee Chair); Elizabeth Holloway PhD (Committee Member); Jean-Luc Brackelaire PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Behavioral Psychology; Behavioral Sciences; Hispanic American Studies; Hispanic Americans; History; International Relations; Latin American History; Latin American Studies; Military History; Military Studies; Modern History; Psychology; Social Psychology; Social Research; Social Structure; Sociology

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2019, French, Italian, and Classical Studies

This thesis, written in English, is a comparative analysis of Walter Benjamin's and Annie Ernaux's readings of 'A la recherche du temps perdu' by Marcel Proust. While Benjamin emphasizes Proust's storytelling capabilities and commends Proust for his descriptions of involuntary memory, Ernaux works more critically to reimagine a writing process removed of spontaneous experience. To develop this point, we apply Benjamin's definitions of `storyteller' and `experience'; to Ernaux's Les Annees (2008), an autobiography written almost entirely without the first-person singular pronoun. Using Benjamin's terminology, we question the relationship between writing and collectivity, not only asking `how is Les Annees a collective autobiography,' but also `how can one write collectively?' We conclude by unraveling the mechanics of the `collective image' at work in Les Annees: Ernaux's collective image does not speak for all people, nor does it claim to be an objective rendition of the past; rather, writing such an image is an ethical exercise, a social engagement with one's community and one's selves.

Committee: Audrey Wasser Dr. (Advisor); Elisabeth Hodges Dr. (Committee Member); Jonathan Strauss Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Comparative Literature; Literature; Modern Language; Modern Literature; Technology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2019, Computer Science and Engineering

Modern high-performance computing (HPC) systems are enabling scientists to tackle various grand challenge problems in diverse domains including cosmology and astrophysics, earthquake and weather analysis, molecular dynamics and physics modeling, biological computations, and computational fluid dynamics among others. Along with the increasing demand for computing power, these applications are creating fundamental new challenges in terms of communication complexity, scalability, and reliability. At the same time, remote and virtualized clouds are rapidly gaining in popularity compared to on-premise clusters due to lower initial cost and greater flexibility. These requirements are driving the evolution of modern HPC processors, interconnects, storage systems, as well as middleware and runtimes. However, a large number of scientific applications have irregular and/or dynamic computation and communication patterns that require different approaches to extract the best performance. The increasing scale of HPC systems coupled with the diversity of emerging architectures, including the advent of multi-/many-core processors and Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) aware networks have exacerbated this problem by making a "one-size-fits-all" policy non-viable. Thus, a fundamental shift is required in how HPC middleware interact with the application and react to its computation and communication requirements. Furthermore, current generation middleware consist of many independent components like the communication runtime, resource manager, job launcher etc. However, the lack of cooperation among these components often limits the performance and scalability of the end-application. To address these challenges, we propose a high-performance and scalable "Cooperative Communication Middleware" for HPC systems. The middleware supports MPI (Message Passing Interface), PGAS (Partitioned Global Address Space), and hybrid MPI+PGAS programming models and provides improved point-to-p (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Dhabaleswar K Panda (Advisor); Gagan Agrawal (Committee Member); Ponnuswamy Sadayappan (Committee Member); Hari Subramoni (Committee Member) Subjects: Computer Engineering; Computer Science

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2018, Journalism (Communication)

The fall of the Berlin Wall is widely seen as one of the defining moments of international relations in the twentieth century. The thesis compares and contrasts how the American and German narratives reconstruct and interpret the events of November 9, 1989 and its aftermath. The analysis presented here highlights some of the key distinctions in how American and German newspaper narratives are presented. In the American newspapers, reports focus on anecdotal stories in an effort to humanize the event and connect their readers to something that may or may not impact their daily lives. The German newspapers, in contrast, emphasize the facts and intricacy of the chronology of events. In both the American and German newspapers sample, there is a shift in perspectives between the 1990s and 2009 – in the years immediately following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the articles analyzed here overwhelmingly play into commonly lived memory, comparing the “then and now.” In 2009, however, articles speak of this event in a more metaphorical sense, using it as a moral lesson.

Committee: Michael Sweeney (Committee Member); Mirna Zakic (Committee Member); Patrick Merziger (Committee Member) Subjects: History; Journalism; Mass Communications; Mass Media; World History

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2018, Political Science

Constitutional democracies are at least formally committed to the idea that citizens can expect equal treatment from their political institutions. What are the social and institutional consequences of failing to deliver on these expectations? Does the continuous subversion of pro-racial equality actions produce a lower set of expectations among African Americans and a heightened sense of political disappointment among all U.S. citizens? Activists and legal advocates in the American context have embraced a range of strategies and terrains of struggle in resisting racism, but these efforts have not been as effectual as needed.

Committee: Julie White Dr. (Advisor) Subjects: African American Studies; African Americans; Black Studies; Law; Political Science

Master of Arts (MA), Wright State University, 2016, International and Comparative Politics

Every population maintains collective memories which provide meaning and identity for members (Langenbache, 2003). Elites have exerted influence on what is being remembered and the interpretation of the remembrances for specific objects, through the concept of historical memory. Wang (2012) has shown that authoritarian governments leverage historical memory to increase legitimacy. Similarly, Bernhard and Kubik (2014) have demonstrated that transitioning democracies also benefit from elite use of historical memory for consolidation. The lack of studies concerning consolidated democracies' use of historical memory raises many questions, including whether consolidated democracies manipulate historical memory for the purpose of legitimacy? I contend that, similar to Wang's findings, elites within consolidated democracies manipulate historical memory for the purpose of enhancing party legitimacy and that the concept of historical memory is a tool that continues to be utilized by elites after consolidation. Japan and South Korea constitute the case studies for this examination.

Committee: Laura Luehrmann Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Pramod Kantha Ph.D. (Committee Member); Kathryn Meyer Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Political Science