Master of Arts (MA), Ohio University, 2024, History (Arts and Sciences)

This thesis essays to study and interpret a small body of poems from Southern Gaul which respond to the breach of the Rhine frontier and subsequent crises from 406-418 AD. After demonstrating contemporary literary conventions in both secular and Christian discourses, the paper will survey how the poems in question came to terms with recent catastrophe and thereby rearticulated differing ideas of empire and meta-history which drew upon the Latin Epic tradition but deployed them in a context that was increasingly Christian and destabilized. While this will shed limited light on the political events, it will primarily serve to situate the beginnings of the Fall of the Western Empire in their intellectual context and indicate how they served as agents of the transformation of the Classical World and the draining of the secular.

Committee: Jaclyn Maxwell (Committee Chair); Kevin Uhalde (Committee Member); Neil Bernstein (Committee Member) Subjects: Classical Studies; Education History; European History; History; Medieval History; Medieval Literature; Middle Ages; Religion; Religious History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2024, Theatre

This dissertation examines growing trends in the practice and theory of performing fragments from Greek Comedies and Satyr Plays for contemporary audiences. The surviving fragments are adapted according to their size after “careful research and artistic mastery” (Timothy Wutrich, 1995). Fragmentary plays with 75% of their text intact, such as Menander's New Comedy 'Samia,' are restored by filling up the play's lacunae. Fragmentary plays with 50% of their text intact, such as Sophocles' Satyr Play 'The Trackers,' are restored by using metatheatrical techniques. Fragmentary plays with less than 25% of their text intact, like Nikokhares' Old Comedy 'Herakles the Producer,' are reseeded and made into new creative works. This dissertation outlines different methodologies for effectively reviving fragmentary comedies and satyr plays.

Committee: Stratos Constantinidis (Advisor); Benjamin Acosta-Hughes (Committee Member); Thomas Dugdale (Committee Member) Subjects: Classical Studies; Performing Arts; Theater; Theater History; Theater Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2021, Greek and Latin

In the first portion of this project, I analyze the myths of the Homeric Hymns from a divine vantage point, exploring the ways in which their narrators ask the divine to “delight” in their work. Unsurprisingly, deities enjoy hearing of their own superiority, and I argue that the Hymns' mythic scenes of epiphany efficiently crystallize that superiority into narrative form. Because epiphany forces a direct confrontation between god and human, it provides an opportunity for the poet to juxtapose god with mortal, efficiently revealing their insurmountable differences. In particular, by way of the epiphanic scene, the poet, in order that his divine audience might “delight in him the most,” communicates to his titular divinity the total insufficiency of human beings to interact with the divine. I focus, however, on the context in which these epiphanic scenes are deployed, and I ask how that context might affect the entire mythic narrative's appeal, especially to mortal audiences. In the second piece of this project, I delve into the poems' appeal to mortal audiences, and examine how the Hymns' poets use dramatic irony, framing devices, and humor to “delight” the human beings listening to their compositions. I argue that the poets seek to flatter their mortal audiences by providing them with information deliberately withheld from mortal characters. Even further, the Hymns' narrators reveal to their mortal listeners information withheld from divine characters as well. The singer of one of the myths incorporated into Hymn to Apollo, for example, lets his audience know the trick about to be played on Apollo, thus allowing the usually terrifying god to be humiliated—much to the mortal audience's “delight.” I hone in especially on the Hymn to Hermes and argue that its poet subverts the type-casting deployed in the other Hymns' mythic scenes of epiphany at divine expense. I show how the narrator of the myth relayed in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, rather than leverage the type- (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Sarah Iles Johnston (Advisor); Carolina López-Ruiz (Committee Member); Thomas Hawkins (Committee Member) Subjects: Classical Studies

MA, Kent State University, 2019, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies

By examining feminine speech within the corpus of love elegies composed throughout the Augustan period, especially those written by Tibullus, Sulpicia, Propertius, and Ovid, one can determine various stylistic uses of female characters within the entire corpus. In addition to this, while his writings were penned a generation before the others, the works of Catullus will be examined as well, due to the influence his works had on the Augustan Elegists. This examination will begin identifying and detailing every instance of speech within the elegies from a female source, and exploring when, how, and why they are used. The majority of the elegies in which these instances occur are briefer, more veristic in nature, although longer, more polished examples exist as well; both types are examined. Except for Sulpicia, these poets are male and present the majority of their elegies from a masculine point of view; this influence is also examined.

Committee: Jennifer Larson Dr. (Advisor); Brian Harvey Dr. (Committee Member); Sarah Harvey Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Classical Studies; Gender Studies; Language

PHD, Kent State University, 2019, College of Education, Health and Human Services / School of Teaching, Learning and Curriculum Studies

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to develop a deeper understanding of how 15–16-year-old students created meaning and critically evaluated canonical works through various methods, including a final multimodal project. A case study approach was used to investigate the following questions: how does teaching the students to use critical lenses help students develop their critical literacy skills; how does assigning student-made multimodal/film projects of canonical literature help students connect with canonical texts (including how they evaluate, reflect on, and understand the characters); and how does assigning student-made multimodal/film projects help students develop their critical literacy skills in general (including, perhaps, their understanding of social criticism in canonical works)? By focusing on these questions, this study hoped to uncover how students' critical interpretations of canonical works could be broadened to help them understand critical social theory in their world, too. For this study, nine 15–16-year-old participants' experiences in a Sophomore English classroom were studied. Multiple data sources were collected: journal entries, observations, film projects, film artifacts, and interviews. The results of the study revealed that students were motivated to read and evaluate canonical texts with critical lenses. Moreover, the students were motivated to take their knowledge of critical literacy to create their own self-directed films of canonical works. The implications for future research and future instructional practices make this a viable option for teachers to incorporate into their classrooms to increase motivation and engagement with canonical works.

Committee: William Kist (Committee Chair); Alexa Sandmann (Committee Member); Sara Newman (Committee Member) Subjects: Curriculum Development; Education; Literacy; Literature; Secondary Education

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2019, Classics

Many scholars over the course of the last few centuries have understood Luke-Acts within its Graeco-Roman context, with close attention to the places associated with the cultures of Greece and Rome. One of these places is the Areopagus in Acts 17:16-34, when Paul speaks to Epicurean and Stoic philosophers, along with others who gathered to listen, to argue that the “unknown god” they worship is the God of the fledging Christian communities. I approach this passage from a different angle by examining Graeco-Roman texts who mention the Areopagus such as Aeschylus, Lucian, and Aelius Aristides and by using spatial theory, specifically the work of Ronald van der Bergh within the framework of Edward Soja, as a lens to understand the use of space in Luke-Acts. The mythology and reputation surrounding the Areopagus cannot be separated from its spatial context. I situate this episode within the spatial themes that emerge uniquely in Luke-Acts, namely the outward spread of Christianity from Jewish spaces to their Gentile counterparts, from Palestine to Greece and Rome, beginning with Jesus and ending with Paul. I conclude that the author of Luke-Acts creates this Areopagus episode within this spatial framework, and that this consistent emphasis to place suggests that he intended to play with the readers' expectation of how interactions in potentially hostile environments would end.

Committee: Cory Crawford Dr. (Advisor); Ruth Palmer Dr. (Other) Subjects: Classical Studies; Religion

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2019, Greek and Latin

Animalization classifies women as non-human animals who must be tamed and controlled by marriage and motherhood. Our earliest written sources, like Hesiod's Theogony and Works and Days (7th c. BCE) and Semonides' Fragment 7 (7th c. BCE), describe women's body parts in animal terms to manipulate the actions and behavior of female characters for a male audience. Animalization continues to affect the treatment of women and animals today, particularly regarding voice, agency, and bodily autonomy. Using Julia Kristeva's (1985), Donna Haraway's (1985), and Carol J. Adams' (1990) theories, I propose a woman-as- animal spectrum where female-presenting individuals slide between neutral/domesticated/sacrificial animals and bestial/wild/hybrid monsters. Using this spectrum, I investigate the animalized female body in classical literature through women's skin, mind, and reproductive system and end with a discussion of how contemporary authors and artists are reclaiming animalization today. Because women develop from monsters in ancient cosmogonies, I argue in chapter 1, “Skin,” that Io, Callisto, Ocyrhoe, and Scylla in Ovid's Metamorphoses (1st c. CE) experience species dysphoria, anxiety and depression because their interior and exterior experiences do not match. Hindu and First Nations stories, however, show that women do not have to suffer when transforming into animals with whom they share a close kinship. In chapter 2, “Mind,” I explore three animal metaphors (snakes, dogs, and lions) through four women from Greek tragedy (5th c. BCE): Agave in Euripides' Bacchae, Creusa in Euripides' Ion, Clytemnestra in Aeschylus' Oresteia, and Medea in Euripides' Medea. I then move to Roman tragedy (1st c. CE), where I argue that Seneca's Medea and Phaedra present the title characters as uniquely Roman manifestations of the woman-as- animal spectrum. I end by suggesting how tragic women can harness hybridity as a tool for promoting their own and their children's agency. In c (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Thomas Hawkins (Committee Chair); Dana Munteanu (Committee Member); Julia Hawkins (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient Languages; Animals; Classical Studies; Comparative Literature; Gender Studies; Womens Studies

MA, University of Cincinnati, 2018, Arts and Sciences: Classics

The site of ancient Thera, here referred to simply as Thera, represents the first major reoccupation of the Cycladic island of Santorini following the catastrophic volcanic eruption of the 17th century B.C. Situated on an impressive cliff on the southeastern side of the island, Thera was continuously occupied for over 10 centuries after the establishment of the Early Iron Age settlement. As a result, most of the early traces of the settlement have long been lost to the obliterating forces of extended human presence. However, two extensive Early Iron Age necropoleis, dating primarily between the 8th-7th centuries B.C., were excavated by German archaeologists in the late 19th century A.D. These necropoleis have received limited attention in scholarship but provide invaluable information about a formative period for Thera and about the island's wide-ranging connections within the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean. This thesis revisits the rich Early Iron Age material from Thera and analyzes it, in tandem with the ancient literary and epigraphic sources concerning the site, in order to demonstrate that the archaeological assemblage represents a community far more complex and sophisticated than described in ancient literature and previously appreciated by historians and archaeologists. The thesis traces extensive networks and connections on the basis of a broad suite of imported objects that reached the island, as well as the incorporation of ideas and practices surrounding burial customs, the alphabet, and pottery production. I contrast the evidence for interregional interaction present in both the literary and archaeological sources, with evidence for relationships that appear only in the material record. Ultimately, I demonstrate that the material remains from Thera provide evidence for more numerous interregional connections than the textual record suggests.

Committee: Kathleen Lynch Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Antonios Kotsonas Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Archaeology

Bachelor of Arts (BA), Ohio University, 2018, Classics

Latin education has largely used the same teaching method since the days of Erasmus in the Renaissance. Now that the field of applied linguistics has proposed alternative language teaching theories and methods, I interview five Latin teachers about how they use these modern approaches, particularly regarding the use of spoken (active) Latin. I also look at reading materials informed by tradition and by modern perspectives. From these results, I present four guiding principles for Latin educators.

Committee: Neil Bernstein PhD (Advisor); Dawn Bikowski PhD (Advisor) Subjects: Classical Studies; Education; Linguistics

BA, Kent State University, 2017, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies

Love is a Cunning Weaver: Myths, Sexuality, and the Modern World explores the relationship between the modern and ancient worlds by analyzing the depiction of queer and female characters in Greco-Roman mythology. That relationship is illuminated and defined by the modern individual's tendency to apply contemporaneous narratives to myths of the ancient world in order to understand them. The aforementioned queer and female characters are introduced in their original contexts based on the most popular written traditions of the myths in which they appear. They are then broken down through a series of interviews with current (or recently graduated) college students. Finally, the narrative established in the introduction of each chapter is subverted through a creative piece.

Committee: Jennifer Larson (Advisor); Brian Harvey (Committee Member); Donald Palmer (Committee Member); Suzanne Holt (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient History; Gender Studies; Womens Studies

MA, Kent State University, 2017, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies

This research examines the circumstances of the omission of the letter m in word-final position in non-elite Latin texts, and proposes a morphosyntactic pattern to explain omission. Word-final m was not pronounced in non-elite Latin of the imperial period, and the letter is frequently absent in phonetically spelled texts, particularly as a grapheme. However, a number of texts remain in which the letter is both written and included. The authors of such texts demonstrate awareness that the letter should be written in final position (despite the lack of pronunciation), yet under certain circumstances they still choose to omit it. The paper suggests that the circumstances of the letter's omission and inclusion are pattern-based, and that authors are more likely to omit the letter in two morphosyntactic environments (which are not independent from one another). Firstly, omission takes place more often following the vowels a and e than after u. Inflected words ending in a or e were common to the non-elite Latin morphological system, whereas words ending in u were not. Omitting final -m after u would have thus produced a word which did not end in an acceptable word-final grapheme. Secondly, omission is more likely in prepositional phrases, and nominal phrases in which another grapheme marking the same function is present. Both types of phrase contain another form which marks the syntax, rendering the presence of the grapheme less valuable; the prepositions themselves govern their phrases, while the presence of at least one grapheme appears to sufficiently identify the syntactic role of the entire phrase. The greater willingness to omit after a and e continues to be operative within the phrases. Several types of non-elite texts are examined for their patterns of omission and inclusion of final -m, including business contracts, personal letters, graffiti, and votive offerings. The texts range from the first century BCE to the fourth century CE, with wide geographic distribut (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jennifer Larson PhD. (Committee Chair); Brian Harvey PhD (Committee Member); Radd Ehrman PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient Languages; Classical Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2015, Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures

Abstract The current study analyzes signs and signifiers that constitute the structural composition of Pushkin's historical works Boris Godunov and The Captain's Daughter and compare them with their Soviet and post-Soviet screen adaptations. I argue that the popularity of these literary works with filmmakers is based on their inexhaustible topicality for Russian society of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, and therefore reassessment of their film adaptations guides us towards developing a better understanding of the sociopolitical complexities in modern Russia. The analysis employs methods of semiotics of film, which is a relatively young science, but has already become one of the most promising fields in the theory of cinema. The research is based on the scholarship of such eminent theorists and semioticians as Metz, Bluestone, Barthes, Lotman, Bakhtin, and others. By performing semiotic analysis of Russian intermedial transpositions and Pushkin's source texts, the study demonstrates the parallels between the historical periods and contemporary Russia.

Committee: Brian Joseph (Advisor); Alexander Burry (Advisor) Subjects: Film Studies; Foreign Language; History; Literature; Russian History; Slavic Literature; Slavic Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2014, Greek and Latin

This study examines the question of the origins and spread of wine, both comprehensively and throughout a number of regions of the Near East and the Mediterranean. Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the study is divided into four major chapters, each of which examines evidence from different fields. The first of these chapters discusses the evidence which can be found in the tomes of classical (that is, Greco-Roman) literature, while the second chapter examines the testimony of the diverse literature of the ancient Near East. The third chapter provides an analysis of the linguistic evidence for the spread of wine, focusing particularly on the origins of the international word for wine which is present in a number of different languages (and language families) of antiquity. The fourth chapter gives a summary of the various types of material evidence relevant to wine and the vine in antiquity, including testimony from the fields of palaeobotany, archaeology, and wine chemistry. Finally, the concluding chapter provides a synthesis of the various data adduced in the previous chapters, weaving all of the evidence together into a cohesive account of the origins and the spread of wine. It is seen that each discipline has much to contribute to the question at hand, providing critical testimony which both illuminates our understanding of the origins and the spread of wine and allows us to better understand issues pertaining to each discipline.

Committee: Carolina Lopez-Ruiz (Advisor); Brian Joseph (Committee Member); Sam Meier (Committee Member) Subjects: Archaeology; Classical Studies; Linguistics; Near Eastern Studies; Paleobotany

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2013, Greek and Latin

This dissertation studies the reception of the Greek historian Thucydides (c. 460-395 B.C.) by Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560), professor of Greek at the University of Wittenberg and theological right hand man to Martin Luther, as well as by a number of Melanchthon's students and friends. I begin by examining the work on Thucydides done by Melanchthon himself, which primarily comes from an unpublished manuscript now in Hamburg, Germany, Staats- und Universitatsbibliothek Cod. Philol. 166, dated to the 1550s. As it stands, this manuscript claims a unique and important status as one of the oldest – if not the oldest – examples in existence of lectures delivered on Thucydides in the Latin West. I will also analyze the 1565 commentary on Thucydides by Melanchthon's close professional friend, Joachim Camerarius, and the 1569 commentary and translation of Thucydides by one of Melanchthon's students, Vitus Winsemius. Studying the popularity of Thucydides during the resurgence of Greek studies in the Renaissance proves to be an endeavor with many blank spaces. Evidence of commentaries on Thucydides from the Italian Quattrocento, where Thucydides was first reintroduced in the West, is very limited. Thanks however to Marianne Pade's article on Thucydides in the Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum, we can now see that Thucydides enjoyed considerable popularity across the Alps among certain Humanist members of the early German Protestant Reformation. Despite Pade's work, however, little detailed research has been done on the reception of Thucydides (or most Classical authors) in German Protestant Humanism. This dissertation aims to examine in detail part of this largely unexplored but very important area of Thucydidean reception. The works that I study in this dissertation represent, therefore, the first evidence for a systematic commentary and teaching tradition in the Latin West on Thucydides since antiquity. In this examination we face the obvious conundrum of devout re (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Frank Coulson Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Benjamin Acosta-Hughes Ph.D. (Committee Member); Anthony Kaldellis Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Classical Studies; European History

MA, University of Cincinnati, 2004, Arts and Sciences : Classics

In 1939, Jerome Sperling conducted an extensive, non-systematic archaeological survey of the province of Elis, in the north west Peloponnese. He published a preliminary report of his findings in 1942. Despite intentions to the contrary, Sperling never returned to finish his survey. In the spring of 2000, the material that he collected in 1939 was donated to the Classics Study Collection of the University of Cincinnati. This thesis focuses on the material from sites within and near the Alpheios river valley in the heart of Elis. Within the thesis, there is a catalogue of the artifacts from the sites within this defined study area. These artifacts range in date from the Early Helladic period through post-Roman periods. In order to understand this material within the archaeological landscape of Elis, this thesis also includes a historiography of archaeological investigation in Elis, with an emphasis on the Alpheios river valley. An increase in our knowledge of the archaeology of Elis and the surrounding areas since Sperling's day permitted new conclusions to be drawn from the analysis of the material concerning settlement patterns in that part of Greece.

Committee: Dr. Gisela Walberg (Advisor) Subjects: Anthropology, Archaeology

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2003, Arts and Sciences : Classics

This study investigates the regional acquisition, production, and distribution patterns of chipped stone in the Bronze Age Argolid. Specific focus was placed on the discovery of lithic resources which would have provided usable cherts to the Argive settlements. A chert resource near the village of Ayia Eleni appears to have been used by a number of prehistoric communities. Quantities of local chert from these settlements indicate that the northeastern section of the Argolid (Mycenae, Midea, and Tzoungiza) used more quantities of the material than other Argive sites. A model of embedded procurement, encapsulated within pastoral transhumance, is suggested as the method by which the stone was transported from the primary source to the Argive settlements. This interpretation indicates that economic activities were occurring outside the control of the palatial centers, further supporting the theory that the palatial component of the Mycenaean economy was more limited in scope than is often thought.

Committee: DR. GISELA WALBERG (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2010, English

This dissertation examines Amy Lowell's poetry, her use of allusion especially pertaining to her expression of Sapphic Modernism, and her significant contribution to a new, lyric tradition rooted in America. In this study, I define Sapphic Modernism as poetry that is written in a style similar to Sappho's, and which alludes to and refigures the ideas, images, and motifs of Sappho's work and of other poets in modern ways to gain new poetic perspective. By alluding to Sappho's images and motifs, and internalizing Sappho's poetic craft, Lowell empowered her lyric gift and shaped her expression of modernism. Lowell's Sapphic Modernism activates the female body as a landscape of desire where the beloved is both a subject and object and elevates the act of writing about love into an epiphanic experience. As a woman and as a lesbian, she inherited a fragmented tradition that called upon her to reclaim what had not yet been publically spoken. Lesbian eroticism, the depiction of female desire and a gynocentric approach to literary history and form lay at the heart of this act of reclamation. Like Sappho, Lowell challenges and re-writes her poetic predecessors in order to create poetry that is inclusive of her unique experience as a woman and a lesbian. Lowell's modernism celebrated the aesthetics of her own daily life while encouraging inclusivity within the poetic tradition in which she was writing. By close reading of Lowell's poetry, looking at how she engaged her predecessors, and studying how her work influenced the poets who have written after her, this study illuminates the deep impact her work has had on subsequent generations of poets affected by her work. Lowell's Sapphic Modernism created a revisionary call and response between the poetic voices of the past and the poets of the future, creating a foundational vision of an American/world poetry that is constantly challenging and refashioning its borders. If we shake the burning birch tree of Lowell's invention, we (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Judith Oster Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Mary Grimm (Committee Member); Gary Stonum Ph.D. (Committee Member); Martin Helzle Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: American Literature; Classical Studies; Comparative Literature; Gender; Literature; Womens Studies

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2013, Greek and Latin

This dissertation is a study of Plato's use and adaptation of an earlier model and tradition of wisdom based on the thought and legacy of the sixth-century archon, legislator, and poet Solon. Solon is cited and/or quoted thirty-four times in Plato's dialogues, and alluded to many more times. My study shows that these references and allusions have deeper meaning when contextualized within the reception of Solon in the classical period. For Plato, Solon is a rhetorically powerful figure in advancing the relatively new practice of philosophy in Athens. While Solon himself did not adequately establish justice in the city, his legacy provided a model upon which Platonic philosophy could improve. Chapter One surveys the passing references to Solon in the dialogues as an introduction to my chapters on the dialogues in which Solon is a very prominent figure, Timaeus-Critias, Republic, and Laws. Chapter Two examines Critias' use of his ancestor Solon to establish his own philosophic credentials. Chapter Three suggests that Socrates re-appropriates the aims and themes of Solon's political poetry for Socratic philosophy. Chapter Four suggests that Solon provides a legislative model which Plato reconstructs in the Laws for the philosopher to supplant the role of legislator in Greek thought. The Athenian Stranger orients legislation towards virtue. I conclude that figure of Solon provides a basis for Plato to redirect the aims of politics towards philosophy and cultivation of virtue in the soul.

Committee: Bruce Heiden (Advisor); Anthony Kaldellis (Committee Member); Richard Fletcher (Committee Member); Greg Anderson (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient History; Classical Studies; Philosophy

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2013, Art/Art History

Archaic Greek ceramic kylixes with painted eye motifs are commonly known as eye cups, and date to 535-500 BCE. Due to the strikingly noticeable eye motifs on their outer surfaces, these cups are traditionally analyzed almost exclusively by interpreting their painted imagery. Such an approach does not, however, yield a complete understanding of the ways these objects functioned, appeared, and influenced the all-male drinking parties of the Archaic Greek symposion. This paper presents a new evaluation of eye cups by utilizing an experiential approach to reconstruct ancient experiences with these objects. Utilizing viewer response theory, affect theory, and object agency theory, three case studies focusing on the interactions between the ancient user and object are explored. The first eye cup features naval imagery on the exterior and a Gorgon on the interior; in this case, the eye cup compelled the user to take on a heroic role to lead in a naval battle and also conquer the Gorgon. The second eye cup features various mythological figures on the exterior with also a Gorgon on the interior. In this case study, the represented figures are generic mythological beings and allow the viewer(s) an open interpretation so that the cup could become an active participant in performance by possessing the characteristics of a theatrical mask. The eye cup analyzed in the final case study references sexual connotations on the exterior, with a plain interior. Creating a complete reconstruction of the interaction in the third case study finds a cyclical connection between object and the original context, the symposion, as well as creating levels of power based on the object one drank from. Through this experiential approach, I have found that eye cups were multi-functional contributors to the ancient Greek symposion and these ancient interactions are still accessible to modern scholars.

Committee: Stephanie Langin-Hooper PhD (Advisor); Andrew Hershberger PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Ancient Civilizations; Ancient History; Archaeology; Art History; Classical Studies; Fine Arts; History