Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 1971, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Science (MSP), University of Toledo, 2023, Pharmaceutical Sciences (Industrial Pharmacy)

The reflective nature of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide in sunscreen creates a displeasing white cast on dark skin, categorized as Fitzpatrick phototype IV to VI, deterring regular sunscreen use in these consumer groups. Sunscreen is rarely recommended due to the lack of skin cancer testing and sunscreen use education for these consumers. Due to this, the occurrence of melanoma, although uncommon, displays at late stages in communities of color, making it more fatal. A solution to mitigate the white cast is tinting sunscreens using iron oxides. Many tinted sunscreens on the market are only available in light to medium shades, so complexion products for dark skin typically also leave a displeasing cast, like sunscreens. This is due to excessive amounts of black iron oxide in their formulas. Our preliminary research indicates that ultramarine blue can relieve this issue, yet there is a concern that it is not stable in formulations. The main goal of this study was to compare iron oxides and ultramarine blue in various inorganic sunscreens to mitigate the white cast, evaluate the sun-protective efficacy, and affirm the color stability of ultramarine blue in emulsions. Fourteen darkly tinted sunscreens and four non-tinted sunscreens were formulated by varying the emulsion type and pigment ratio. In vitro protection in the ultraviolet range (290-400 nm) and visible light range (400-700 nm) was tested for all samples. The color was tested visually via photos in an IRB-approved consumer study and based on consumer feedback, and objectively using a spectrophotometer. Particle size was analyzed using a light microscope, and spreadability with a texture analyzer. Product stability was tested at 25 and 45 °C for 6 months. SPF levels were higher for the tinted sunscreens in comparison to the non-tinted ones and had a lower percentage of transmittance in the visible range. All samples remained stable at room temperature during the study. Moreover, particle size did not change dr (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Gabriella Baki PhD. (Advisor); Jerry Nesamony Ph.D., R.Ph (Committee Chair); Peseckis Steven Ph.D (Committee Member) Subjects: African Americans; Black Studies; Chemical Engineering; Chemistry; Health Education; Health Sciences; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacy Sciences; Physical Chemistry

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2014, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Due to the natural borders that limit the expansion of Manhattan,an estimated ten percent increase in New York City population over the next twenty years will constrict the island's developable land and threaten low-population/under-developed areas, which include a portion of the fifty-two protected historic districts. The South of Houston neighborhood (SoHo) and its stock of cast iron structures, some almost 150 years old, falls into both of these categories. The Cast Iron District marks influential transitions from traditional masonry into modern steel construction and from the process of manufacturing individual parts to the mass production of multi-purpose (structural, weather barrier, decorative) modular building components. Plans for population expansion are already partially laid out, compiled in the city-released document “PlaNYC” but do not include specifics about historic districts. Historic preservation has become a method of protecting important buildings from demolition but creates limitations for their adaptation. The alteration of historic buildings is subject to stringent regulation, especially the exterior, limiting the amount of change that can occur. Increasing population will force either the complete redevelopment of underdeveloped land or adaptation to the new context of the city. Attempting to work within an ever-changing built world, groups of architects, most notably, the Japanese Metabolists of the 1960's began to explore what future cities would look like. They conceptualized premanufactured blocks inserted within a framework where an entire building or parts of buildings could be added or removed with demand. The Metabolists tapped into an idea that could be applied not just to whole cities and megastructures of the future but also to the existing fabric of cities through interpreting a building as framework, a historic buildingholds the potential of adapting with the surrounding city. SoHo, with its history based in multifunctional, (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Aarati Kanekar Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Michael McInturf M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2012, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Due to the natural borders that limit the expansion of Manhattan,an estimated ten percent increase in New York City population over the next twenty years will constrict the island's developable land and threaten low-population/under-developed areas, which include a portion of the fifty-two protected historic districts. The South of Houston neighborhood (SoHo) and its stock of cast iron structures, some almost 150 years old, falls into both of these categories. The Cast Iron District marks influential transitions from traditional masonry into modern steel construction and from the process of manufacturing individual parts to the mass production of multi-purpose (structural, weather barrier, decorative) modular building components. Plans for population expansion are already partially laid out, compiled in the city-released document “PlaNYC” but do not include specifics about historic districts. Historic preservation has become a method of protecting important buildings from demolition but creates limitations for their adaptation. The alteration of historic buildings is subject to stringent regulation, especially the exterior, limiting the amount of change that can occur. Increasing population will force either the complete redevelopment of underdeveloped land or adaptation to the new context of the city. Attempting to work within an ever-changing built world, groups of architects, most notably, the Japanese Metabolists of the 1960's began to explore what future cities would look like. They conceptualized premanufactured blocks inserted within a framework where an entire building or parts of buildings could be added or removed with demand. The Metabolists tapped into an idea that could be applied not just to whole cities and megastructures of the future but also to the existing fabric of cities through interpreting a building as framework, a historic buildingholds the potential of adapting with the surrounding city. SoHo, with it's history based in multifunctional, p (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Aarati Kanekar PhD (Committee Chair); Michael McInturf MARCH (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture