Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2024, Dentistry

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the vertical gap between the milled titanium framework obtained from different impression techniques, and the abutment replica of the patient model. Materials and Methods: Four implant Simulated Patient Model was duplicated from a demonstration resin model. The implant impression of the edentulous arch was obtained using 6 techniques: Conventional splinted Open-Custom tray impression and digitized using scan bodies and bench top scanner (CNV), Intraoral scanning using manufacturer scan bodies (IOS), Intraoral scanning using Optisplint (JIGI), Benchtop scanning of the assembled Optiplint after pouring in type IV stone (JIGE), Photogrammetry using ICAM (DOM), Photogrammetry using MicronMapper (SB). N=6 for all groups. CAD/CAM titanium bar was designed directly to the MUA from all the scans (N=36) using 5 axis milling machine. Modified one-screw test was used to evaluate the fit of the bar to the Simulated Patient Model, and the gaps were measured using Nikon Measurescope MM- 1. A Pairwise analysis between the gap measurements for 6 measuring sites in 6 groups was established by performing 2-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: The result of the 2-way ANOVA showed that the technique and the location significantly influenced the gap size. A14 wa not consistently the largest gap among the groups. The pairwise analysis showed that CNV, DOM, and JIGE were clinically acceptable with no significant difference between the gap size. JIGE had the smallest gap size, IOS had the widest gap size. JIGI improved the quality of intraoral scanning. DOM had smaller gap size compared to SB, JIGE had significantly smaller gaps when compared to JIGI. Conclusions: Utilizing the 1-screw test did not consistently reveal the largest gap at the distal-most site. Intraoral scanning of full arch implant prosthetics using regular scan bodies consistently produced the largest measured gaps. Photogrammetry and benchtop scanning of scannable verificat (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Robert Seghi (Advisor); Damian Lee (Committee Member); Scott Schricker (Committee Member) Subjects: Dentistry

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2022, Dentistry

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of two hard denture relining materials on denture bases fabricated from conventional, subtractive, and additive polymers. In addition, this study assessed the effect of a polymer to resin primer on the tensile bond strength of hard denture liners to different denture bases. Methods: A total of 120 hard relined denture base samples were fabricated, 40 per denture base group (Lucitone 199, Ivo Base CAD, and NextDent Denture 3D+). For each denture base group 20 samples were hard relined with one of two chair side hard denture liner (GC Reline, MucoHard). Among the hard reline groups, 10 of each group was primed with a composite to PMMA primer (Visio.link). All samples underwent thermocycling. The adhesive strength was evaluated through tensile testing. The surface contact angle was measured on each denture group sample to evaluate thewettability of the material. The data was analyzed using Inverse-variance weighted linear regression. Results: In this study overall the denture bases relined with MucoHard denture liner had significantly higherbond strength than the GC reline groups (P<0.016). The highest tensile bond strength was achieved by combining MucoHard denture liner and primed 3D printed denture base, followed by the non-primed conventional denture base, and non-primed milled denture base to MucoHard denture liner. The surface primer used in this study (Visio.Link primer, Bredent UK Ltd. Chesterfield, UK.) had a significant effect on the tensile bond strength of all tested groups (P<0.0003). However, the primer only positively influenced the bond strength of the 3D printed denture base to MucoHard denture liner, while the other groups were inversely affected. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the tensile bond strength of chairside denture liners to denture bases fabricated using additive, subtractive, and conventional methods (P>0.05). The highest bond (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Shereen Azer (Advisor); Damian Lee (Committee Member); Scott Schricker (Committee Member) Subjects: Dentistry; Polymers

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2021, Dentistry

Abstract Purpose of the study: Describe the effect of thermocycling on the adhesive strength of three long-term resilient liners to denture base polymers used for the formative, additive and subtractive manufacture of complete dentures. Methods: A total of ninety samples were fabricated, thirty per each group of denture base material(Lucitone 199, Ivo Base CAD, Denture Base LP). For each denture base polymer, ten samples were relined with one of three resilient liners (Permasoft, Mucopren Soft, Molloplast-B). The first five samples of each group were subjected to thermocycling and the last five samples were stored in distilled water. Subsequently, the adhesive strength of the samples was assessed via tensile testing. The resulting data was analyzed using a three-way ANOVA. Results: After thermocycling, Mucopren Soft displayed the best adhesive strength to Lucitone 199 (1.78±0.32 MPa), followed by Molloplast-B (1.26±0.21 MPa) and Permasoft (0.65±0.06 MPa). For Ivo Base CAD, Molloplast-B exhibited the best adhesive strength (1.70±0.36 MPa), followed by Mucopren Soft (1.11±0.15 MPa) and Permasoft (0.53±0.04 MPa). When used with Denture Base LP, Molloplast-B displayed the best adhesive strength (1.37±0.08 MPa), followed by Mucopren Soft (0.67±0.19 MPa) and Permasoft (0.31±0.03 MPa). The adhesive strength of Molloplast-B and Mucopren Soft to Lucitone 199 were not statistically different from each other in the water storage groups, and were 1.42±0.18, and 1.66±0.40 MPa respectively. In this group, the adhesive strength of Permasoft (0.58±0.02 MPa) was statistically different from Molloplast-B and Mucopren Soft. The liner with the best adhesive strength to IvoBase CAD was Molloplast-B (1.83±0.25 MPa), followed by Mucopren Soft (1.26±0.19 MPa) and Permasoft (0.58±0.08 MPa). Molloplast-B displayed the best adhesion to Denture Base LP (1.76±0.23 MPa), followed by Mucopren Soft (0.88±0.14 MPa), and Permasoft (0.25±0.06 MPa).In this experiment, only Molloplast-B was affected (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Scott R. Schricker PhD (Advisor); Robert R. Seghi DDS,MS (Committee Member); William M. Johnston PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Dentistry; Materials Science; Polymers

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2017, Dentistry

Abstract Purpose: The material and design of implant prostheses influence the loading of dental implants, which may affect the adaptation of bone1. When choosing materials for implant-supported prostheses, the clinician could choose the one that places less stress on the implant and surrounding tissues2. Use of ceramic materials for veneering implant-supported prostheses is common. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technique have provided many advantages starting with the speed of design, processing, fabrication and accuracy. New materials have been developed to achieve the optimum quality; these include Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic (ZLS) and a Hybrid ceramic containing a resin-reinforced glass network (Enamic). The screw access channel technique is frequently utilized to help clinicians retrieve cement-retained implant crowns when needed. One concern with screw access holes is the fracture resistance of the crown material after creating the access channel in a cement-retained crown. This study was performed in two parts: the aim in Part 1 was to measure and compare the influence of (ZLS) and (Enamic) with different ceramic CAD-CAM implant-supported crown materials for strain distribution generated around the implants during cyclic loading. Part 2 was performed in order to measure and compare the load to fracture values of different cement-retained crown materials with screw access channel. Material and Methods: Four 3.7mm X 10mmD platform Legacy 1 Implants (Implant Direct, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were placed into a 12” x 2” x 8mm resin block. Legacy Zirconia Straight Contoured Stock Abutment (3.5mmD/1mm Collar Height, Implant Direct, Carlsbad, CA, USA) (N=20) were torqued into the implant fixtures to support crowns that were milled from a virtual design using four different all-ceramic materials (N=20). A resin cement was used to cement crowns on zirconia abutments. Initially, the crowns were cyclically loaded two times a (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Burak Yilmaz (Advisor) Subjects: Dentistry

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2015, Dentistry

Conventional methods of complete denture (CD) fabrication involve multiple and complex clinical and laboratory procedures. With the introduction of CAD/CAM fabricated CDs, these techniques seek to ameliorate the potential disadvantages associated with conventional complete denture fabrication and highlight potential advantages such as reduced number of patient visits and improved fit of the prostheses. However, comprehensive clinical data on CAD/CAM complete dentures, that conform to an evidence based approach, are severely lacking in the available literature. To date, there are few, if any, randomized clinical trials or retrospective analyses evaluating the clinical performance and behavior of CAD/CAM fabricated dentures. In this study, patients who received CAD/CAM fabricated CDs (AvaDent® Global Dental Science LLC, Scottsdale, Ariz.) at The Ohio State University College of Dentistry were identified. Using a dental software search tool (Windent EE; Carestream Dental), the total number of CAD/CAM fabricated CDs treated within the Pre-doctoral Comprehensive Care Clinics, Advanced Prosthodontics Clinic and Dental Faculty Practice Clinic between the years 2012 and 2014 were identified. Retrospectively, data were collected from these charts of patients. Data were collected from the reviewed charts to identify and assess objective and subjective treatment outcomes including: number of appointments needed to deliver the final complete denture prostheses, number of post delivery adjustments needed due to presence of sore spots, and the reported complications with these prostheses such as compromised denture retention, fractures, incorrect vertical dimension of occlusion and/or incorrect centric relation. It was also determined whether the experience level of the operator had an influence on the number of appointments needed to deliver the final prosthesis and in the total amount of complications observed. In addition, a 13-item questionnaire was sent in the mail to those (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Burak Yimaz (Advisor); Edwin McGlumphy (Committee Member); Hua Hong Chien (Committee Member); Reza Heshmati (Committee Member) Subjects: Dentistry

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2014, Dentistry

Purpose: This study was conducted to find the accuracy of digital intra-oral scanners (IOS) for fabricating computer aided designing (CAD)-computer aided manufacturing (CAM) implant supported prosthesis. The different IOS available have different technologies for data acquisition and processing. The IOS tested were 3M™True Definition Scanner (3M ESPE, St.Paul, MN), iTero (AlignTechnologies, San-Jose, CA) and 3Shape Trios (3Shape Dental, Copenhagen, Denmark). The two scannable abutments tested were Encode® Healing Abutments (Bellatek, Biomet3i, West PalmBeach, FL)[ENC] and Zirkonzahn scan marker (Zirkonzahn.Modellier, Gais, Italy)[ZRZ]. The aim of the study is to check the accuracy of three IOS systems, for making virtual impressions for dental implants using two scannable abutments and two different implant angulations (Parallel and 30° angulation) to fabricate an implant supported bar. Materials and Methods: A stereolithographic replica of a human mandible, with teeth #21 to #28 present, was fabricated. Posterior segments were edentulous. Four Full Osseotite® Certain implants (Biomet3i, West PalmBeach, FL) were placed in the posterior, 2 on each side; the implants on one side were parallel to each other and the implants on the other side diverged by 30°. This model was digitized using a high-definition laboratory scanner (reference scanner, Sirona inEosX5, Salzburg, Austria) with two different scan bodies, ENC and ZRZ. 3Shape Design software was used to CAD the control and test bars. IOS were made using three different intraoral scanners and similar bars were designed. A total of 36 test CAD bars were compared with 4 control bars. Digital files of the bars were loaded into 3D evaluation software (Geomagic DesignX™2013, Morrisville, USA). A virtual `one-screw test' was done using “Global, Fine, Partial” alignment method in the software. For the alignment, centers of the abutment bases were not more than 5µ away and the data points of alignment had more than 9 (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Edwin McGlumphy DDS, MS (Advisor); Burak Yilmaz DDS, PhD (Committee Member); Robert Seghi DDS, MS (Committee Member); Hua-Hong Chien DDS, PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Dentistry; Engineering; Technology

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2000, Engineering : Mechanical Engineering

This thesis investigates the usefulness of Boundary Element Method (BEM) and a software tool called UCWaves developed at University of Cincinnati. The Boundary Element Method for structural analysis has emerged as a very promising alternative for the Finite Element Method (FEM). Although BEM is more complicated than FEM, it is faster and it does reduce a lot of storage space over FEM for solving large models. The advantage of BEM becomes apparent for the infinite domain as well as fracture mechanics problems. There are very few CAD tools, which use BEM for analysis. This thesis is a successful attempt to design and develop an Internet based analysis tool using the BEM. The existing standalone BEM software has also been enhanced. This study will lead to more research activities on the Internet-based software development for the BEM.

Committee: Yijun Lui (Advisor) Subjects:

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2006, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of)

Due to standardization of construction, a fiscal society, and increased specialization in architecture, the architect's connection to the detail has become a virtual affiliation. The capabilities of CAD/CAM technologies in architecture provide an outlet to overcome these factors, and once again generate expressive, well-crafted details. By utilizing digital technologies in an innovative but critical manner, conventional materials can be reactivated through surface or geometric transformations. CAD/CAM technology enables architects to participate more actively in material development and fabrication than in the past, and also reunites the architect with the construction industry. This research details an appropriate context for synthesizing the historic significance of the joint with production technology of today to restore the authority of detailing with a reinvented construction model.

Committee: Michael McInturf (Advisor) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2012, Dentistry

There were 3 objectives of this study. Our first objective was to compare the heat generated when using a CAD/CAM guide with different types of irrigation. Our second objective was to compare the temperature increases at the crestal and apical positions while drilling with a CAD/CAM guide. Our third objective was to examine the changes in temperature generated with the initial drill and the final drill with a CAD/CAM guide in place. 10 samples of fresh bovine femoral bone were used. Each sample had 6 osteotomy sites prepared; 3 for the initial drill and 3 for the final drill. Thermocouples were placed at crestal and apical positions at each osteotomy site, and the heat generated during drilling with the CAD/CAM guide in place was measured using no irrigation, external irrigation, and external with internal irrigation. The samples were partially immersed in a water bath, and drilling was to a depth of 16 mm for each trial. The specimens were trimmed to make the size and cortical thickness uniform. A portion of a CT generated guide used in a previous surgery was modified and used for the study. A statistically significant difference in heat production was found between trials with no irrigation and trials with external irrigation, regardless of which drill was used. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was found between trials with no irrigation and trials that used external with internal irrigation for both drills. No significant difference was found between trials that used external irrigation and trials that used external with internal irrigation. At the apical position no significant difference was found in heat production regardless of irrigation type (none, external, or external with internal), or drill type (initial or final). There was a significantly greater amount of heat generated at the crestal position compared to the apical position for both the twist drill and the final drill. No trial type (no irrigation, external, or external with interna (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Peter Larsen DDS (Advisor); Kelly Kennedy DDS (Committee Member); Edwin McGlumphy DDS (Committee Member) Subjects: Dentistry

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2011, Dentistry

Recent clinical studies have shown that implant placement is highly predictable with computer generated guides. However, reliability of these guides compared to conventional guides has not been tested clinically. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of reproducing planned implant positions between computer generated and conventional surgical guides using a split-mouth design. A total of 9 patients received 2 implants each, in symmetrical locations. All implants were planned virtually using a software program and information from CT scans taken with scan appliances. Patients were randomly selected for CAD/CAM guided implant placement on their right or left side. Conventional guides were used on the contralateral side. Patients received post-operative CBCT scans. Planned and actual implant positions were compared using three dimensional analyses capable of measuring volume overlap as well as differences in angles, coronal and apical positions. Results were compared using a Mixed Model Repeated Measures ANOVA and were further analyzed using a Bartlett's test for unequal variance (alpha = 0.05). Implants placed with CAD/CAM and conventional surgical guides had volume overlaps between planned and actual positions of 69.7% ± 6.8% and 48 ± 16.2%, respectively. This measurement was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Coronal horizontal differences also showed significance (p < 0.05) with CAD/CAM measuring 0.55 mm ± 0.24 mm and conventionally guided implants 1.22 mm ± 0.62 mm. Apical horizontal distance significantly (p < 0.05) showed CAD/CAM to be more accurate than conventional guides (0.93 mm ± 0.62 mm and 2.03 mm ± 0.95 mm, respectively). Other measurements made did not show statistical significance. Implants placed using CAD/CAM surgical guides provided more accuracy in a lateral direction than conventional guides. In addition, CAD/CAM guides were more consistent in their deviation from the planned placements than conventional guides. Further research (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Nancy Clelland DMD, MS (Advisor); Edwin McGlumphy DDS, MS (Committee Chair); Purnima Kumar DDS, MS (Committee Member) Subjects: Dental Care; Dentistry

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 1985, Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Engineering)

Design of a computer graphics laboratory

Committee: Robert Williams (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Industrial

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 1984, Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Engineering)

Three dimensional modelling of ore-bodies using intergraph CAD/CAM system

Committee: D. Scheck (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Industrial

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 1988, Mechanical Engineering (Engineering)

Macintosh - Bridgeport communications CAD/CAM

Committee: Israel Uriel (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2005, Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Engineering)

The thesis describes the procedure for manufacturing setup selection and sequencing with the goal to reduce the processing time of parts manufactured on a 3-axis milling machines. This procedure consists of two steps: operation clustering and operation sequencing. In the first step, geometry data for each operation is analyzed for spatial position and orientation. Based on the analysis, the tool direction for each operation is computed, and then all operations with the same tool direction are clustered into a single setup. In the second step, operations within a single setup are sequenced according to process precedence criteria to generate the final order of machining operations. The clustering and sequencing of operation is implemented as the setup selection application,which sends the tree structure of operations back to the CAM system. The procedure has been tested and verified on several mechanical designs.

Committee: Dusan Sormaz (Advisor) Subjects:

MA, Kent State University, 2010, College of the Arts / School of Art

My thesis is based on a series of seven Jacquard weavings that portray an abstract view of today's landscapes. The goal of this body of work is to emphasize the man-made structures such as cell towers, electric towers, and wind turbines found within our landscapes today. When we are looking out our car windows traveling on the highway we view the landscape that surrounds us then possibly notice a cell tower. The man-made structure often does not register in our consciousness. In my work, I have tried to reverse this perception. I have consolidated the expanse so that the viewer will focus on the mechanical form first before completing the background or surrounding space. The towers, turbines and poles are depicted with graphic clarity, silhouetted against the ground they assume an iconographic quality. My works present a contrast between the organic lines of nature and rigid geometric lines used to define the architectural forms.

Committee: Janice Lessman-Moss (Advisor); Kathleen Browne (Committee Member); Rebecca Cross (Committee Member) Subjects: Textile Research