Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2020, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Inertial sensors became wearable with the advances in sensing and computing technologies in the last two decades. Captured motion data can be used to build a pedestrian inertial navigation system (INS); however, time-variant bias and noise characteristics of low-cost sensors cause severe errors in positioning. To overcome the quickly growing errors of so-called dead-reckoning (DR) solution, this research adopts a pedestrian INS based on a Kalman Filter (KF) with zero-velocity update (ZUPT) aid. Despite accurate traveled distance estimates, obtained trajectories diverge from actual paths because of the heading estimation errors. In the absence of external corrections (e.g., GPS, UWB), map information is commonly employed to eliminate position drift; therefore, INS solution is fed into a higher level map-matching filter for further corrections. Unlike common Particle Filter (PF) map-matching, map constraints are implicitly modeled by generating rasterized maps that function as a constant spatial prior in the designed filter, which makes the Bayesian estimation cycle non-recursive. Eventually, proposed map-matching algorithm does not require computationally expensive Monte Carlo simulation and wall crossing check steps of PF. Second major usage of the rasterized maps is to provide probabilities for a self-initialization method referred to as the Multiple Hypothesis Testing (MHT). Extracted scores update hypothesis probabilities in a dynamic manner and the hypothesis with the maximum probability gives the correct initial position and heading. Realistic pedestrian walks include room visits where map-matching is de-activated (as rasterized maps do not model the rooms) and consequently excessive positioning drifts occur. Another MHT approach exploiting the introduced maps further is designed to re-activate the map filter at strides that the pedestrian returns the hallways after room traversals. Subsequently, trajectories left behind inside the rooms are heuristically adjus (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Alper Yilmaz Prof (Advisor); Keith Redmill Prof (Committee Member); Charles Toth Prof (Committee Member); Janet Best Prof (Other) Subjects: Electrical Engineering; Engineering

Master of Science, The Ohio State University, 2017, Civil Engineering

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an effective tool which widely used in construction industries. As its result, building information models (BIMs) serve an important role through project design, delivery, build and management stages, bringing many benefits. There are many reliable commercial BIM software on market using computers as their main platform. But the way they display the BIM and interact with the BIM are also limited by computers. On the other hand, Augmented Reality (AR), as a latest popular technique, shows a great potential of changing the way of people observing and interacting with the world. It provides a seamless way of combing virtual digital contents with the real world. In this paper, we will discuss about the development of BIM and AR technique, and the possible benefits of combing them. In the last chapter we present an experimental system that is able to visualize BIM in AR. The results are demonstrated and the whole idea of our system can be served as a general framework of a wider range of AR-BIM system development.

Committee: Alper Yilmaz Dr. (Advisor); Wang Lei Dr. (Committee Member); Qin Rongjun Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: Civil Engineering

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2016, Geography

The use of fossil fuels is causing global climate change and other negative impacts on the environment. Transitioning to sustainable sources of energy will likely take decades. In the meantime, energy conservation can mitigate the e ects of climate change while the renewable transition occurs. However, energy conservation in many commercial buildings where multiple tenants share meter data is dicult because aggregated readings attenuate the connection between energy decisions and outcomes. Research is needed to study energy conservation in commercial buildings. This dissertation investigates building energy conservation using several methods. It uses a novel energy information system to investigate e ects of presenting building occupants with real-time energy information. It also uses survey and focus group methods to explore attitudes and knowledge about energy use on campus. Results suggest that providing building occupants with real time energy information can reduce building electricity consumption. This dissertation presents empirical data in an urgently needed area of research. It also expands the domain of building energy conservation research by contributing research instruments and methodologies.

Committee: Ola Ahlqvist (Advisor); Edward Malecki (Committee Member); Ningchuan Xiao (Committee Chair) Subjects: Geography

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2008, Psychology (Arts and Sciences)

While several studies have characterized patterns and predictors of continued risky sexual behavior in HIV-infected rural persons, far less research has conceptualized and evaluated interventions to reduce risky sexual behavior in this group. This pilot randomized clinical trial tested if two telephone-delivered, HIV risk-reduction interventions could reduce high HIV-transmission risk behavior in HIV-infected rural persons. Participants (N=79) were recruited through AIDS service organizations in rural areas of 27 states and assigned to either a two-session, motivational interviewing and skills-building intervention (N=48) or a two-session, skills-building-only intervention (N=31). Participants completed self-report measures at pre- and post-intervention. A 2 x 2 repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (RM MANOVA) found no significant "Time x Condition" interaction but did find a main effect for "Time" which showed that participants'condom use, motivation to reduce risky sexual behavior, and risk reduction behavioral skills improved in both intervention conditions. Results from this pilot RCT suggest that telephone-based interventions may increase motivation, behavioral skills, and condom use in rural PLWH over time and that motivational interviewing need not be integrated into standard skills-building interventions.

Committee: Timothy G. Heckman PhD (Advisor); Bernadette Heckman PhD (Committee Member); John Garske PhD (Committee Member); Tim Anderson PhD (Committee Member); John McCarthy PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology