Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2000, Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics

This dissertation develops a model of banking regulation from a positive political economy perspective. The main characteristic of this model, based on the interrelation between regulators and incumbent banks, is that regulation is driven by public interest and political economy motives. The public interest of regulators includes the efficiency and soundness of the banking industry. The political economy motives consist of two elements. First, incumbent banks demand regulation to obtain higher than competitive proits (rent-seeking motive). Second, regulation by itself is rewarding for the regulator. In the model, the government finances the public-sector deficit with banking resources (fiscal motive). Regulators make use of two instruments. The first is to require banks to hold minimum capital adequacy levels. Theory predicts that increasing bank capital reduces the risk of bank failure. The second instrument is the control of entry, which makes bank charters valuable, so banks follow a conservative behavior to protect their charters. Entry restrictions, however, have a negative impact on efficiency in the industry. Regulatory policy is based on a trade-off: soundness versus efficiency. The model synthesizes the public interest and political economy motives of regulation. A main prediction is that regulation is dynamically time-inconsistent because the regulator uses its discretionary and coercive power to renege on the agreement with the incumbent banks to obtain windfall revenues. The model empirically fits the Mexican experience. Non-public interest factors weighted more in the making of regulatory policy in the 1940-1956 period. This was a period of easy bank entry and increasing public sector budget financing with bank resources. Public interest motives were more important for 1957-1978 and for the overall 1940-1978 period. These findings support the claim that long-run growth with financial stability of the Mexican economy was based on two elements. First, fin (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Claudio Gonzalez-Vega (Advisor) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2004, Family Resource Management

The primary purpose of this study was to identify determinants affecting consumers' intention to use online financial services. The effects of attitude toward a behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control variables on the intention to use online financial services were examined. Demographic control variables were included as control variables. The conceptual framework underlying the study was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. This theory suggests that attitude toward a behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control affect behavioral intention to engage in a behavior. Behavioral intention, then, leads to engaging in a behavior. Data came from the 1998-99 MacroMonitor Survey. The study sample consists of 3,780 households completing a mail survey between May and August of 1998. This data set includes information about consumer attitudes, behaviors and motivations regarding financial products, services, delivery methods, and institutional use. Factor analysis was used to reduce the number of independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of the independent variables on the probability of the intention to use online financial services. The findings based on five different dependent measures of online financial service uses revealed that the seven variables consistently affect intention to use online financial services: satisfaction with finances, positive attitude toward credit market, professional advice unneeded, personal contact desired, one-on-one interaction unneeded, education, and prefer less complex financial strategies. Individuals dissatisfied with their financial situations were more likely to intend to use online financial services. Consumers who had positive attitudes toward credit markets had a greater probability of intention to use online financial services. Individuals with preferences for professional advice were more likely to use online financial services. Consumers having lower p (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Loren Geistfeld (Advisor) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2008, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Organization Development & Change (D.O.D.C.), Bowling Green State University, 2024, Organization Development

This qualitative study employed a socio-technical framework as a lens to investigate the banking experiences of low-income and higher-income individuals, shedding light on the nuances of their interactions with traditional banks. Using comparative deductive thematic analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants, equally divided between low-income and higher-income groups. The study revealed disparities in banking experiences, with low-income community members facing less favorable outcomes in specific areas. The findings have significant practical implications for enhancing community relations, refining banking operations, and improving financial education, particularly in low-income communities. This research lays the groundwork for future studies to explore bank employees' perspectives and expand on the current findings, ultimately contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between individuals and banking institutions. By illuminating the lived experiences of diverse community members, this study informs strategies for more inclusive and equitable banking products and services

Committee: Steven Cady Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Hee Soon Lee Ph.D. (Other); Carol Gorelick Ed.D. (Committee Member); Jeanelle Sears Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Banking; Business Administration; Comparative; Finance; Management; Organizational Behavior

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2000, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Economics

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 1983, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects: Economics

Bachelor of Science in Business, Miami University, 2008, School of Business Administration - Interdisciplinary Business Management

In 2005, Wal-Mart applied to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for permission to own and operate a bank. Right away, this spurred a great deal of controversy. Congressmen asked the FDIC to postpone making a decision on the application, and bankers asked the FDIC to reject the application. In response to these and other demands, the FDIC issued a 6-month moratorium on all Industrial Loan Corporation (ILC) applications, which are those of the Wal-Mart type where a commercial firm attempts to acquire a bank. In the meantime, the FDIC asked Congress to address the issue with legislation.As Congress considered whether banking and commerce could mix, it became clear that banks were special entities in our society. Not only do they receive protection from a federal safety net, but banks also are subject to oversight from a complex network of regulatory agencies. Throughout history and still today, the role of banks in our society is debated. On one hand, competition and innovation lead to a reduction in the cost of financial services and the improved quality of those services. On the other hand, some efforts of banks to compete and innovate can harm the safety and soundness of the banking industry as a whole. Two pieces of legislation, the Glass-Steagall Act of the 1930s and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of the 1990s, attempted to define bank permissible activities. The debates surrounding these pieces of legislation help to understand a banks role and apply it to the current question of whether commercial firms may also fill that role.

Committee: James Brock (Advisor); John Forren (Committee Member); Deborah Fletcher (Committee Member) Subjects: Banking

Master of Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2011, Biology

Embryonic stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into any cell types that are derived from the three germ layers. However, their limited availability, fear of teratomas and ethical concerns restrict them for scientific research. Umbilical cord blood stem cells are adult types, but they can be extracted only once during the birth of the child, because of which most of the people lose the opportunity to store their cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent in nature and can differentiate into ectoderm and mesoderm lineages. Extracting MSCs from bone marrow is an invasive procedure and these cells have reasonably low growth rate. Research proved the presence of MSCs in menstrual blood. These cells can be safely obtained, are renewable in nature and are able to maintain their potency. It was demonstrated that they have the ability differentiate directionally into chondrogenic, adipogenic, osteogenic, neurogenic and cardiogenic cell lineages. LifeCell collects the menstrual blood from women who are interested in banking their cells, processes, isolates and cryopreserves them at -196°C in liquid nitrogen. These cells can be expanded as and when necessary and can be potentially used in the future for various therapeutic and cosmeceutical applications. There is a tremendous business opportunity for a concept as futuristic as this; hence my thesis consists of a commercialization plan that aims to derive maximum value for both the customers and the company.

Committee: Roy Ritzmann Dr. (Committee Chair); Christopher Cullis Dr. (Advisor); Jean Welter Dr. (Committee Member); Mayur Abhaya (Committee Member) Subjects: Cellular Biology

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2011, Leadership and Change

This dissertation asks the question, “What are the challenges of developing a leadership program in community banks in South Dakota, a slow growth environment?” The research looks at the intersection of leadership development, transformational leadership, and context—against a backdrop of community banking, corporate social responsibility, and demographic trends in South Dakota. The objective of the study is to provide theoretical and practical understanding of leadership development activities in South Dakota community banks. Using quantitative methods, seven hypotheses were created and tested using insights gained from reviewed literature and informational interviews that framed the study. The hypotheses were built looking to understand the drivers that shaped leadership development at community banks in the state and the relative importance of leadership programs in these organizations. In development of the study, a survey instrument was designed and administered via telephone to 80 community banks in South Dakota. Findings fall into three broad categories that form the thinking of community bankers in the state. First, data suggest that the topic of leadership development is growing in importance to community bank executives, boards of directors, and human resource managers in these organizations. Second, the need for succession planning and the challenges of finding new leadership for rural locations appear to be catalysts for creating leadership development programs in community banks in the state. Third, South Dakota banks characterize themselves, their culture, and their leadership by being defined as community banks. Many community banks in South Dakota are in need of renewal and recognize they cannot continue operating as they have in the past. Facing demographic challenges and having to own up to new regulations and increased competition has left them struggling to develop new leadership. Conversely, from survey data collected, it would appear that there (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Mitchell Kusy PhD (Committee Chair); Jon Wergin PhD (Committee Member); Alan Guskin PhD (Committee Member); Larry Lovrien JD (Other) Subjects: Banking; Behavioral Psychology; Business Community; Demographics; Finance; Management; Organizational Behavior; Regional Studies

Ph.D., Antioch University, 2013, Leadership and Change

Bringing innovation to the marketplace for new products and services involves creativity, a culture in which change flourishes, and leadership that thrives on transformation and complexity. This study explored the potential for market disruption or change based on innovations involving patents granted to nonfinancial services organizations that could affect financial services, specifically consumer or retail bank products. It involved analyzing documents related to recently granted patents and completing a mixed methods survey integrating the Delphi research technique. This method required multiple iterations of a survey presented to expert panelists or industry thought leaders to attempt to gain consensus ("Consensus", 2011) or general agreement by the group (Tersine & Riggs, 1976). With this research method, the goal is to gain an understanding of initial individual perspectives. Through an iterative process, then determine if, as a group, they can move toward a common vision of what is likely to happen after viewing other's perspectives. This research was specific to two innovations for which patents have been granted: facial recognition and digital wallets. Patents can provide insights into potential new developments planned by organizations. In some cases, patents can provide insights into innovation, potential threats, opportunities, or disruptions that could change the way a market operates. The goal of this research was to select two recent patents from many that have been granted, develop theoretical insights, and, through a mixed methods survey integrating the Delphi methodology, identify when or if these patents could have an impact on financial services. This research brought together thought leaders in an anonymous, collaborative approach to assess considerations and provide their perspective on these changes. This study served to help leaders drive innovation in financial services organizations and to understand how others perceive these inn (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Mitchell Kusy Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jon Wergin Ph.D. (Committee Member); Byrd Jacqueline Ph.D. (Committee Member); Sahm Patricia Ph.D. (Other) Subjects: Banking; Business Administration; Business Community; Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Intellectual Property; Management; Marketing; Organization Theory; Organizational Behavior; Patent Law; Spirituality; Systems Design; Technology

Master of Business Administration, The Ohio State University, 1969, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1929, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1923, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Business Administration, The Ohio State University, 1962, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Business Administration, The Ohio State University, 1967, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1946, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Business Administration, The Ohio State University, 1964, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1923, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2024, Accounting and MIS

This study examines the effect of a major deregulation of community bank capital requirements. Regulators enacted the Community Bank Leverage Ratio (CBLR) framework in 2020 to alleviate regulatory compliance pressures on community banks. Institutions that elect this framework are no longer required to calculate and report risk- weighted assets. Electing institutions can meet one minimum leverage ratio to be considered well-capitalized for regulatory purposes. The implementation of the CBLR framework provides a novel setting to study the accounting and economic implications of capital regulation reform. I find that adopting banks shift their portfolio composition towards assets with higher credit risk. I also find lower unrealized losses for securities held in portfolio by CBLR banks, suggesting the program alleviated interest risk. Following a string of catastrophic bank failures in 2023, capital adequacy regulations have come under heavy scrutiny. My study provides evidence on the consequences of a major policy change in community bank capital adequacy regulation.

Committee: Anne Beatty (Advisor); John Campbell (Committee Member); Carlos Corona (Committee Member); Kurt Gee (Committee Member) Subjects: Accounting

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2022, Economics

My research revolves around financial institutions. In this essay, I aim to further our understandings of the internal workings of financial intermediaries, how they interact in financial networks, and how they affect monetary policy and the macroeconomy. In the first chapter, James Peck and I study a bank run model where the depositors can choose how much to deposit. In the many years and many published articles following the bank runs paper of Diamond and Dybvig (1983), only a few papers have modeled the decision of whether to deposit, much less the decision of how much to deposit. The questions we address here are, how does the opportunity for consumers to invest outside the banking system- in investments that do not provide liquidity insurance- (1) affect the nature of the final allocation, (2) affect the nature of the optimal deposit contract, and (3) affect the fragility of the banking system? We extend the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) model so to incorporate sequential service constraint and the opportunity of outside investments and show that under certain conditions the equilibrium entails partial deposits, thus arguing for the optimality of limited banking. One might think that when depositors are allowed to invest a fraction of their endowments outside the banking system, they would be hedging against the risk of a run occurring, but losing out on some of the services provided by banks. Thus, one might think that this would improve the stability of the financial system at the expense of lost efficiency. However, we show that the opposite could be true, with reduced stability (runs more likely) but higher efficiency! In the second chapter, I study the strategic behavior of heterogeneous banks in a network and its implications on the stability of the financial system. I construct a model alas Allen and Gale (2000) wherein banks differ in whether they are hit by an uninsurable excess liquidity demand. I show that in such a framework banks that are alr (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: James Peck (Advisor); Sanjay Chugh (Committee Member); Kyle Dempsey (Committee Member) Subjects: Banking; Economic Theory; Economics; Finance