Doctor of Musical Arts, The Ohio State University, 2012, Music

The major linguistic differences between the various stop-burst consonants found within the vast multitude of languages of the world have an extensive impact on the articulation employed by the modern flutist. French and English alone have contradictory linguistic features that may largely impact articulation on the instrument. It has been shown that these syllables are produced by fast changes in the vocal tract muscles and movements of the tongue, lips and jaws and thus may have an impact on the way flutists of both the French and English languages have learned and applied their articulative practices. Additionally, the amassing of treatises and tutor literature in both languages over the past four centuries has documented the changes in teaching of mnemonics to aid the articulation of students. Since there is a difference in the way that a student pronounces the syllables that are found within the innumerable trove of pedagogical flute literature, it is speculated that the execution of those syllables may also be impacted. Therefore, the concept of teaching multiple styles of stop-burst consonants in various languages may have a profound impact on the ability and flexibility of the modern flute player's articulation. This document investigates the validity of this question by exploring the limited research that has been conducted in this specific field of flute playing, specifically Linda Lamkin's work. Additionally, specific mnemonic references used to aid a flutist's articulation within the oeuvre of pedagogical flute materials dating back to Hotteterre's treatise are annotated and catalogued. Finally, parallel vowel anticipation in tandem with common stop-burst consonants in the French and English languages that are commonly found in the flute literature (such as /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ and /g/) are compared and contrasted with spoken syllable production through basic spectral analysis with Audacity 1.3.12 (Unicode) software. This experiment was conducted in (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Katherine Jones (Advisor); Dr. Charles Atkinson PhD (Committee Member); Dr. Russel Mikkelson DMA (Committee Member) Subjects: Fine Arts; Language; Music; Music Education; Pedagogy; Performing Arts

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2024, Engineering and Applied Science: Biomedical Engineering

Ultrasound imaging provides tongue shape information useful for remediating speech sound disorders, which affect 5% of children and cause long-term deficits in social health and employment in adulthood. However, ultrasound imaging can be difficult to interpret for clinicians and individuals, limiting the understanding of articulatory data and ultrasound biofeedback therapy speech outcomes. This dissertation includes three studies that use different approaches to address and investigate guidelines for improving interpretation of tongue articulation in ultrasound images during speech production. One difficulty is that tongue shapes can be challenging to compare due to their complexity and the fast pace of articulatory movements during speech. To approach this problem, tongue movement was represented as displacement trajectories of tongue parts, and support-vector machine classification models were trained to identify patterns that differentiate accurate versus misarticulated productions of the word “are.” A linear combination of tongue dorsum and blade movement was shown to achieve a classification accuracy of 85%. The resulting simpler representation of tongue movement accuracy would aid interpretation of ultrasound images during biofeedback by allowing easy comparison to movement targets. Another source of difficulty is the articulatory information missing from ultrasound images, such as tongue tip shadowed by sublingual air or by bone, as well as possible confusion between parasagittal and midsagittal tongue contours. By using a novel approach of simulating ultrasound wave propagation in tongue shapes segmented from MRI, ultrasound images were simulated from known /r/ tongue shapes. Simulations from 23 speakers indicated that tongue shapes in the middle of the continuum between bunched and retroflex /r/ had the longest portion of anterior tongue not visible in ultrasound images. Simulations of parasagittal and midsagittal images from 10 speakers su (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: T. Douglas Mast Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Steven M. Lulich Ph.D. (Committee Member); Jing Tang Ph.D. (Committee Member); Suzanne Boyce Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Biomedical Engineering

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2007, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

DMA, University of Cincinnati, 2023, College-Conservatory of Music: Bassoon

Tonguing is a mysterious aspect for many wind instrument learners and instructors because the action of the tongue is hidden from direct observation. This document aims to explore bassoon tonguing technique from the perspective of oral structure and function with some supporting aspects, like breathing and the use of syllables, to describe the mechanics of tonguing. Another purpose is to help bassoon students and instructors have a better awareness of physiological problems that may cause muscle tension and difficulties in tonguing. The research focuses on the analysis of the tongue and throat during bassoon playing based on scientific investigation. Also, compiling pedagogical methods from several professional bassoonists will help compare the relevance or difference between physical sensation and the actual mechanism in the closed embouchure. The analysis reveals the variety of tonguing techniques used by professional bassoonists to achieve good articulation, taking into account the individual differences in oral anatomy. This document is unlike a method book for teaching tonguing technique step by step. This is a resource to explore tonguing problems on the bassoon and seek solutions based on the physiological perspective. The results of this research will combine physiological explanations for tonguing mechanisms, a list of popular tonguing methods, solutions to particular technical problems, and ideas for choosing proper syllables. These are a resource for bassoon pedagogues and students in teaching and learning bassoon tonguing technique.

Committee: James Bunte D.M.A. (Committee Chair); Jonathan Kregor Ph.D. (Committee Member); Thomas Gamboa (Committee Member) Subjects: Music

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1962, Communication Disorders

Committee: Alice Greiner (Advisor) Subjects: Speech Therapy

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 1960, Communication Disorders

Committee: Alice Greiner (Advisor) Subjects: Education; Speech Therapy

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1960, Communication Disorders

Committee: Melvin Hyman (Advisor) Subjects: Speech Therapy

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 1953, Communication Disorders

Committee: Alice Greiner (Advisor) Subjects: Speech Therapy

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 1960, Communication Disorders

Committee: Alice Greiner (Advisor) Subjects: Education; Speech Therapy

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 1960, Communication Disorders

Committee: Melvin Hyman (Advisor) Subjects: Speech Therapy

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 1956, Communication Disorders

Committee: Eugene Batza (Advisor) Subjects: Speech Therapy

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 1953, Communication Disorders

Committee: Alice Greiner (Advisor) Subjects: Speech Therapy

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2021, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Skyscrapers of the late 19th century looked vastly different than they do today. Historically, the skyscraper began as a single form extrusion containing a single program. Throughout history the skyscraper took on many new forms. Zoning and setback laws of the 1960's changed the way that the skyscraper looked and was thought about. There has always been a race and desire to have the tallest skyscraper in New York City, and as technology developed it allowed for skyscrapers to be built taller. New York City would become one of the most prominent cities for the skyscraper as well as one of the most iconic skylines. As new heights were reached there was a split from the once ornamental and sculptural skyscraper. Both in past and present day New York City there is an emphasis on designing the tallest and most slender skyscraper. As previously mentioned with the emphasis on height, there was importance placed on the glass tower. Over time this led to the skyscraper becoming an ambiguous and aesthetically standardized building. Office towers and apartment buildings look the same and offer no indication as to what the skyscraper contains. Newer developments have taken over historic parts of New York City and are alien to the architecture surrounding it. While the technology has enabled these skyscrapers to expand, people and historic architecture is forgotten. This thesis explores the historic and theoretical development of the skyscraper and how to challenge the current entire glass clad skyscraper. Through facade articulation, program, section, relationship to the ground and character, this skyscraper will become a place in which every person can have it all. Through the relationship of both public and private spaces, the skyscraper will transform from an ambiguous, glass tower into something that represents the history of New York City.

Committee: Edward Mitchell M.Arch (Committee Chair); Vincent Sansalone M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy, Miami University, 2020, Gerontology

Existing literature on medical humanitarianism focuses predominately on international initiatives that provide assistance for a shorter period of time, in response to such events as natural disasters and war. There is a need for research on models for, and the implementation of, medical humanitarian programs that provide services for longer periods of time within local communities to reduce health disparities in America. Health disparities related to socioeconomic status (SES), access to healthcare, and health literacy levels remain a challenge for individuals as they continue to age. This research is built on the premise that lack of adequate surgical services or healthcare at any age can contribute to a cumulative disadvantage across an individual's life course, negatively impacting their overall aging experience. The purpose of the study was to elicit and articulate the organizational model, program theory, and underlying theory of change for Surgery on Sunday (SOS), as an exemplar of a local medical humanitarian effort to reduce health disparities. This was accomplished by using qualitative data from a thorough review of key organizational documents (board minutes) and communication (emails to volunteer staff, mission statement, organizational goals, newsletters), and key informant interviews with SOS staff to understand and describe the organizational program theory of SOS. Results show that major themes in the SOS program theory are the importance of communication, fostering and leveraging relationships, the evolving nature of the organization and health policy, "doing the right thing" for patient care and health outcomes, and participant experiences and an organizational culture that has cultivated "a fellowship that is second to none". The clear articulation and evaluation of the SOS program theory will guide the implementation of other local, non-profit medical humanitarian initiatives.

Committee: Suzanne Kunkel (Committee Chair); Amy Roberts (Committee Member); Jennifer Bulanda (Committee Member); Janardan Subedi (Committee Member); Cameron Hay-Rollins (Committee Member) Subjects: Gerontology; Health; Health Care

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2020, Mass Communication (Communication)

This dissertation investigates how Netflix's Black Mirror (2011—) articulates both the technology/human interconnectedness and a varied array of posthuman subjects within the narrative. I engage with posthumanist theory and utilize narrative rhetorical criticism and the method of articulation to analyze a selection of ten episodes. Based on the textual analysis, I contend that each selected narrative reveals a unique hypothetical scenario that questions the humanist conceptualization of human nature in addition to envisioning potentials for challenging the common understanding of self, identity, subjectivity, and agency. With its controversial and multilayered articulations of the posthuman condition, I propose that this quality science fiction television program takes as its central theme the symbiotic technology/human relationship as the kernel of a co-constructed reality between these two actants in the digital age. I suggest that Black Mirror introduces five shades of be(com)ing posthuman: be(com)ing alienated, be(com)ing cyborg, be(com)ing fractured, be(com)ing immortal, and be(com)ing human. Ultimately, I argue for an empathetic techno/human future that recognizes that both technology and humans matter and mutually influence one another in the construction of the techno/human subject that is unapologetically cyborg, hybrid, and posthuman such that it refuses to be categorically unadulterated and pure.

Committee: Suetzl Wolfgang (Advisor); Ng Eve (Committee Member); Aden Roger (Committee Member); Sheldon Myrna (Committee Member) Subjects: Mass Communications

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2020, Mass Communication (Communication)

The social make-up of countries like the US and the UK is increasingly diverse. Furthermore, media texts from both countries are growing in popularity with international audiences. Still, mediated portrayals from both countries continue to privilege one social group, i.e. white males, while neglecting to represent females and ethnic minorities in deep and meaningful ways. In turn, technological developments in the past couple of decades enabled the re-appropriation and re-imagining of commercial media texts in previously unimaginable ways. Scholars like Henry Jenkins have argued that these practices have enhanced audiences' enjoyment of media texts but also, in the case of ongoing texts, their participation in creative decisions in the production of the originals. Similarly, some have claimed that re-imagining media texts provides members of underrepresented social groups to insert their identities into the popular texts they enjoy. This dissertation explores how fans re-imagine two popular television characters: The Doctor (Doctor Who, UK) and Castiel (Supernatural, US).

Committee: Joseph Slade (Advisor); Jenny Nelson (Committee Member); Yea-Wen Chen (Committee Member); Patty Stokes (Committee Member) Subjects: Communication; Gender; Gender Studies

Master of Science (MS), Bowling Green State University, 2019, Communication Disorders

The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in articulatory-acoustic behavior associated with fluency adaptation in speakers with Parkinson Disease (PD). Prior studies suggest that a reduction in stuttering moments over successive repetitions of the same speech material (i.e., fluency adaptation) is accompanied by increases in speech rate, decreases in word and vowel durations, and decreases in the extent of consonant-vowel transitions, all of which are indicative of changes in articulatory and co-articulatory behavior (i.e., Max & Caruso, 1998). For the current study, speech samples from participants with PD who exhibited fluency adaptation and fluent older adult controls were analyzed. Vowel space metrics of selected peripheral, nonperipheral, and diphthong vowels were calculated to determine the extent of articulatory-acoustic changes from Reading 1 and 5 of the Rainbow passage. Results suggest that speakers with PD exhibited a reduction in vowel space area that was accompanied by an increase in articulation rate. No systematic changes in the intra-vocalic formant metrics were observed between Reading 1 and 5. However, expected differences between the vowel categories were observed. Differences vowel space metrics between speakers with PD and controls may potentially suggest that speakers with PD exhibit a decreased range of motion, as formant space reflects movement of the vocal tract.

Committee: Jason Whitfield Ph.D. (Advisor); Ronald Scherer Ph.D. (Committee Member); Adam Fullenkamp Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Acoustics; Speech Therapy

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2019, American Culture Studies

With 171 million active users and a market value expected to climb to almost $17 billion in the next three years, Virtual Reality (VR) would appear to be a technology on the rise. Yet despite the public fervor for VR, our media landscape has long been marked by phobic depictions of the same—from William Gibson's Neuromancer (1984), to The Matrix (1999), to Black Mirror (2011-present), VR fictions always seem to dread its presence even as their audiences anticipate these feared technologies. How, then, can we explain the durability of fiction fearing VR, and what use might we find for that phobic response? While ample previous scholarship has explored how horror and other forms of genre fiction reflect specific cultural anxieties, to this point little work has been devoted to technophobic fiction as it represents and serves to manage cultural responses to new and emerging technologies. As VR grows increasingly common, such fiction might offer a powerful tool toward anticipating its uses—good and bad—as well as to influence the ends for which these technologies are taken up. Through textual analysis of Ready Player One (2018) and “San Junipero” (2017), I explore how fears of capitalist subjugation, disembodiment, and the limitations of the humanist self come to be displaced in VR's technological systems. This work clarifies the technosocial politics of VR as they penetrate what it means to be human, and how technophobia itself might be mobilized toward the creation of a better technological future.

Committee: Clayton Rosati PhD (Advisor); Edgar Landgraf PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American Studies

Master of Music (MM), Ohio University, 2019, Music Theory (Fine Arts)

Throughout the history of electroacoustic music, a concise method of analysis has eluded researchers. Though many exceptional examples of nomenclature exist, no standard system for implementation or methodology for analysis has been developed. This thesis begins to bridge that gap and provide a scaffold for further research. By outlining a phenomenologically-based reductive theory of electroacoustic music, the most structurally salient elements of formal articulation are explored. Conclusions regarding the syntax of analyzed pieces are discussed while laying the groundwork for a more complete corpus study.

Committee: Ciro Scotto (Advisor); Jennifer Smith (Committee Member); Robert McClure (Committee Member) Subjects: Composition; Music; Pedagogy; Performing Arts

Doctor of Philosophy, Case Western Reserve University, 2018, Communication Sciences

Purpose: Although most children with speech sound disorders are able to remediate their errors, some individuals have errors that persist into late childhood and even adulthood. These individuals are considered to have residual speech sound errors (RSSEs), and they are at risk for social, academic, and employment difficulties. Most individuals with RSSEs have participated in years of traditional speech therapy with little success. Visual biofeedback provides an alternative method of treatment that may be what finally allows these individuals to remediate their errors. This study utilized Opti-Speech, a visual biofeedback software that uses electromagnetic articulography to create a threedimensional rendering of the tongue that moves in real time with the participant's own tongue, for the remediation of RSSEs. Method: This single subject multiple baseline design included 18 participants (11 males and 7 females) who ranged from 8 -22 years of age. Speech sounds addressed in treatment included "r", "s", "sh", "ch", and "l". Participants attended an average of three baseline sessions and ten treatment sessions that utilized Opti-Speech visual biofeedback, and returned for a two-month follow-up. Results: Perceptual measures were based on generalization to untreated words. Eleven of the 18 participants were able to make clinically significant improvements for their target sound by their final treatment session, and 11 of 16 participants who returned for follow19 up measures had made clinically significant improvement on their target sound. When final session perceptual ratings were compared to follow-up, eight of the nine participants who presented with clinically significant improvement for their target sound were able to maintain their progress or presented with significantly improved speech sound skills. However, generalization was not seen at the sentence level. When considered as a group, clinically significant improvements were seen overal (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jennell Vick Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Barbara Lewis Ph.D. (Committee Member); Elizabeth Short Ph.D. (Committee Member); Gregory Lee Ph.D. (Committee Member); Parrill Fey Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Speech Therapy