Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 1962, Graduate School

Committee: Not Provided (Other) Subjects:

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2022, History

Hockey holds a central place in Canadian national identity. Despite the traditional dominance of Canadian teams in the pre-war and immediately post-war years, European nations such as the USSR, Sweden, and Czechoslovakia developed their hockey programs quickly in the post-war years, challenging Canadian dominance, and thus jeopardizing, in the eyes of Canadians, one of the most central aspects of their national culture. This loss of hockey supremacy compounded an already challenging period in which Canadians struggled to define what it meant to be Canadian in the US-led Cold War world. This thesis examines the Canadian cultural dynamics of Canadian participation in international hockey competitions during the 1960s and 1970s. These tournaments and exhibition tours played against foreign teams were commonly detailed by the Canadian press using no uncertain terms to express their contempt for their opponents. This thesis suggests the public focus on international hockey during this period reflects the uncertainty of Canadian culture and politics at home. Faced with trouble defining Canadian national identity in the Cold War world, Canadians looked to their national sport as a means of reaffirming their identity, rooted in northern masculine toughness and “Canadianness.” This work uses sports periodicals from the period between 1955 and 1975, to assess the shifting attitudes towards Canadian hockey in international competitions, and how Canadians viewed themselves in relation to the wider Cold War world when confronted with a domestic cultural crisis. This work expands on the diligent work of scholars of Canadian culture and those in the expanding subfield of hockey studies by providing a look at the thoughts of Canadians, and how their attitudes towards hockey reflect their attitudes towards Canadian culture.

Committee: Benjamin Greene Ph.D (Advisor); Rebecca Mancuso Ph.D (Committee Member) Subjects: Canadian History; Canadian Studies; History

Master of Arts (M.A.), University of Dayton, 2021, Theological Studies

The Vatican's condemnation of Fr. John Augustine Zahm's most famous work, Evolution and Dogma, in the autumn of 1898 has traditionally been the subject of great interest among religious scholars and historians. This thesis describes several coalescing factors that negatively affected the book's fate: the neo-Thomists' critical reaction to Zahm's use of Saints Augustine and Aquinas in defense of evolutionism; the author's Americanist connections; the release of the French translation of Walter Elliott's The Life of Father Hecker; and the Church's resistance to the advancements of liberalism in European society, especially after the French Revolution. However, this thesis also takes a step further and argues that Fr. Zahm's writing and teaching career did not cease after the condemnation of his book. His passion for imparting an intelligent faith to his Catholic readers and audiences did not cease; his expansion efforts at the University of Notre Dame as Provincial of the Congregation of Holy Cross and his later publications, such as the trilogy of South American travelogues and the apologetic work Woman in Science, are testaments to his enduring “teaching heart” -- his passion for pursuing knowledge and communicating new understandings to others. This thesis emphasizes the importance of acknowledging Fr. Zahm's life holistically, in broad strokes. His contribution to American Catholic history need not be limited to the intrigue surrounding Evolution and Dogma.

Committee: William Portier (Committee Chair); William Trollinger Jr. (Committee Member); Sandra Yocum (Committee Member) Subjects: American History; Religion; Religious History; Science History; Theology

Doctorate in Sacred Theology (S.T.D.), University of Dayton, 2013, International Marian Research Institute

The history of the Baltimore Catechism has been written largely by its critics. This work will provide a review of how catechisms developed over time, and the position of the leaders of the catechetical renewal. These new catechists characterize the creation of the Baltimore Catechism as hurried and lacking effort. A brief introduction into the life of the compiler, Fr. Januarius De Concilio, is followed by a closer examination of the text seeking to highlight some elements of originality within the work.

Committee: William Portier Ph.D (Advisor); Sandra Yocum Ph.D (Committee Member); William Trollinger Ph.D (Committee Member); Michael Barnes Ph.D (Committee Member); Patrick Carey Ph.D (Committee Member) Subjects: Communication; Education; History; Theology

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2012, Germanic Languages and Literatures

In what is increasingly considered a post-secular age, the role of religion in immigrants' negotiations of transnational identities and search for national belonging is once again thought to be a significant one. The growing presence of Islamic diaspora communities in Europe and America has brought to the fore questions of how a “foreign” religious faith and heritage can be reconciled with the modern and secular – and yet latently Christian – cultures of their host countries. This dissertation attempts to contribute to this discourse by shedding light on a somewhat similar chapter in American and German migration and religious history. Returning to the so-called era of secularization in the late nineteenth century, I investigate the problem of how religion and nationalism were reconciled in a transnational context, namely in a German Catholic diaspora's emerging construction of German-American identity. The vehicle for this analysis is the rhetoric of a leading opinion-shaper in the German-American Catholic community, Joseph Jessing, as it was performed in his leading German language Catholic newspaper, the Ohio Waisenfreund. Focusing on the print medium that was so crucial for the spread of ideas in the nineteenth century, I research almost thirty years of Jessing's newspaper, as well as other German-American newspaper of the time, and place Jessing's contribution to the diaspora group's identity construction in the context of his day. I argue that before the era of a more complete German assimilation in the twentieth century, Jessing represented a more resilient diaspora element that resisted imposed Americanization and instead perpetuated competing narratives of national and religious identity. I show how the phenomenon of transnationalism manifested itself in the importing by Jessing of the conservative and ultramontane variety of European Catholicism into the American setting. Forged in the Prussian and Catholic province of Westphalia during the 1860s, Jessin (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Barbara Becker-Cantarino PhD (Advisor); Bernhard Malkmus PhD (Committee Member); Carmen Taleghani-Nikazm PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Religious History

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2012, Dance Studies

In this historical study, I examine the ballet pedagogy in New York City from the opening of the Metropolitan Opera Ballet School in 1909 to the founding of George Balanchine's School of American Ballet in 1934. Challenging the widely propagated view that Balanchine is the sole founder of American ballet, I argue that the first generation of American ballet dancers emerged during the research period under the tutelage of numerous Italian and Russian immigrant ballet teachers. I illuminate the individual histories and contributions of these noteworthy yet largely overlooked instructors, whose contributions set the development of American ballet in motion. In addition, I tease apart the context for ballet during this period. I look at the impact of capitalism, commercialism, democracy, and immigration on ballet teachers, their students, and their approaches, and I survey the effects of vaudeville and revue, the burgeoning film industry, and Progressive Era movement trends like aesthetic barefoot dance and the Delsarte System of Expression on ballet, its people, and its pedagogy. Broad theories of nationalism, internationalism, and Americanism undergird my study of this rich and underexamined period in ballet history.

Committee: Karen Eliot PhD (Committee Chair); Melanie Bales (Committee Member); Candace Feck PhD (Committee Member); Susan Hadley (Committee Member) Subjects: Dance

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2011, History

Melvyn Dubofsky's We Shall Be All (1969) established the standard narrative of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), long considered to be the United States' most radical union. Dubofsky confirmed that reputation, arguing that the Wobblies were anarcho-syndicalists, committed to the utter transformation of the American political economy through mass action. Succeeding historical treatments of the IWW have complicated the story by emphasizing specific cultural and geographic features of the Wobblies. But, Dubofsky's characterization of the IWW has not been overturned. This thesis seeks to establish the identity of the IWW within Progressive Era discourses of Americanism. I argue that the IWW sought to place themselves in an American radical tradition that stretched back through the abolitionists and all the way to the Spirit of '76. Wobbly Americanism discourse was central to the union's ideology, rather than merely a defense against charges of “anti-Americanism.” Viewed in this light, the IWW represents a bridge, rather than a break, between the Knights of Labor and the CIO in American labor radicalism.

Committee: Kevin Boyle Dr. (Advisor); William Childs Dr. (Committee Member); Paula Baker Dr. (Committee Member) Subjects: American History

Doctor of Musical Arts, The Ohio State University, 2005, Music

The turn of the century in American music was marked by a surge of composers writing music depicting an “American” character, via illustration of American scenes and reflections on Americans' activities. In an effort to set American music apart from the mature and established European styles, American composers of the twentieth century wrote distinctive music reflecting the unique culture of their country. In particular, the trumpet is a prominent voice in this music. The purpose of this study is to identify the significance of the trumpet in the music of three renowned twentieth-century American composers. This document examines the “compositional” and “conceptual” Americanisms present in the music of George Gershwin, Aaron Copland, and Leonard Bernstein, focusing on the use of the trumpet as a voice depicting the compositional Americanisms of each composer. The versatility of its timbre allows the trumpet to stand out in a variety of contexts: it is heroic during lyrical, expressive passages; brilliant during festive, celebratory sections; and rhythmic during percussive statements. In addition, it is a lead jazz voice in much of this music. As a dominant voice in a variety of instances, the trumpet expresses the American character of each composer's music. A performance practice survey of professional trumpet players is included in this study in order to discuss performance preparation techniques. Personal interviews with orchestral performers provide further suggestions for approaching this music. This study is intended to encourage trumpet players to become more aware of the trumpet's versatility in expressing a variety of scenes and emotions. It also offers suggestions for preparation and performance of American music. It is essential for trumpet players to identify their role in any music and recognize their importance, as either a supportive role or a primary role, thus achieving an effective performance.

Committee: Timothy Leasure (Advisor) Subjects: Music

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Ohio University, 2010, Interdisciplinary Arts (Fine Arts)

This dissertation explores the nature of American musical identity in the score from the 1936 documentary film The Plow That Broke the Plains, directed by Pare Lorentz, scored by Virgil Thomson, and created under the auspices of the New Deal‘s Resettlement Administration. While the score offers a study in modernist music and compositional musical Americanism, other approaches may be more suited to positioning this New Deal cultural artifact within its historical context, thus revealing its cultural sources and social intentions. In the spirit of contemporary musicology, this project proposes a new category through which to undertake such studies: functional Americanism. Functional Americanism evaluates American identity in music through the function or utility of music operating in an American setting or for an American purpose. Using this approach to engage with The Plow, this study draws from social history, cultural studies, and musicology in order to understand The Plow within its historical moment as an articulator of American identity.

Committee: Dora Wilson PhD (Committee Chair); Condee William PhD (Committee Member); Gillespie Michael PhD (Committee Member); Wetzel Richard PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: American Studies; Fine Arts; Music

PHD, Kent State University, 2012, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of History

Historical coverage concerning how the League of Nations affected U.S.-Latin American relations has been lacking. Typically, historians have only concentrated on the reasons why the U.S. Senate refused to join the League in 1919 and 1920, but they do not discuss how that organization affected U.S. foreign policy throughout the decade of the 1920s. This study begins to fill this gap in the historical literature. Through the use of primary sources from multiple archives and papers from the U.S. State Department, this study examines the Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover administrations' efforts to convince Latin Americans to accept an alternative peace plan to the League of Nations that was based on legal-internationalist principles. Understanding Republican efforts to establishing an international legal system to replace the traditional anarchist nationalistic international system sheds light upon the foreign policy objectives of the period that historians have heretofore largely ignored. This study focuses on the Republican efforts to create an alternative system to the newly established League of Nations. Republican leaders held that the collective security clauses of the League of Nations would fail to prevent future wars because they did not fundamentally alter humanity's mindset concerning war. Alternatively, the Republicans sought to get the world to adopt their envisioned pax-Americana international system based on legal internationalist principles. To create such a system, the Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover administrations adopted a soft paternalistic approach that was designed to gain humanity's acceptance of the American vision for peace. U.S. efforts were largely focused on Latin America to begin the process of reforming the regional international system in the Western Hemisphere. As this study makes clear, the United States was able to create an alternative peace machinery in the Western Hemisphere, but the Republican refusal to reject the “right” of the United (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Mary Ann Heiss PhD (Advisor); Clarence Wunderlin PhD (Committee Member); Julio Pino PhD (Committee Member); Stephen Hook PhD (Committee Member); Willy Munoz PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: History

Master of Arts (MA), Bowling Green State University, 2007, English/Literature

This thesis looks at the representation of expatriation in American literature and questions the extent to which it encompasses the various types of experience for American expatriate authors in the 1920s. In this project, I look at A Voyage to Pagany, a fictional expatriate account from the devotedly American William Carlos Williams and set it apart from other works of that era. I argue that Williams reappropriates the figure of Charles Baudelaire's flaneur in his work to show that the true expatriate experience is not specific to milieus inhabited by artists but is contingent upon the act of writing. By excavating the tradition of the flaneur in his work, Williams questions the idea that the flaneur is specifically a Parisian figure. As opposed to theorists, such as Walter Benjamin, who are adamant in their stance that the flaneur must be Parisian, Williams prioritizes the wandering artist's occupation with writing over the artist's national allegiance. In Williams' novel, the expatriate must move away from the writing circles of Paris in order to fully engage the imagination and enact the process of writing.

Committee: Kim Coates (Advisor) Subjects: Literature, American

Master of Arts (MA), Wright State University, 2012, International and Comparative Politics

The literature on anti-Americanism in the Middle East suggests that there is a strong relationship between US foreign policy and public attitudes of the United States in the region. This study analyzes Middle Eastern public opinion of the United States from 2002 until 2011, while using quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine whether US foreign policy in the Middle East correlates with approval levels of the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if US foreign policy measures such as US support for oppressive regimes, US support for Israel, and US intervention in domestic affairs affects the way in which the average Middle Eastern publics view the United States. This study finds that there were quantitative and qualitative correlations between the three independent variables and anti-Americanism levels in the Middle East with the largest drop in approval of the US coming in 2003 after the US invasion of Iraq. The case of Lebanon's Cedar Revolution also shows an effective policy that can be applied to the regime changes caused by the “Arab Spring”.

Committee: Vaughn Shannon Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Donna Schlagheck Ph.D. (Committee Member); Awad Halabi Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: International Relations; Middle Eastern Studies