Master of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, 2024, City and Regional Planning

There is a growing awareness of the value of airport arts programs, but little guidance on administrative strategies to maximize this value. This work asks: What are the best practices for airport arts programs to meaningfully and equitably represent local identity and how does it vary across different airport governance structures and scales of operations? To answer these questions, an inventory of airport art administration documents was collected and analyzed to identify persistent themes, leading to the selection of three case study airports: Portland, Houston, and Fort Lauderdale. At each case study airport, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with airport arts administrators, artists who have engaged with the airport procurement process, and other arts administrators at the local and municipal level were utilized to better understand the unique context of airport arts programs. This analysis was supported by an art planning document review and structured observation of airport arts sites. Synthesizing the findings at each case study airport, a series of recommendations for airport arts practitioners was developed. Key findings include the value of integrated leadership, partnerships with local organizations, specificity in creating and measuring program objectives, attention to administrative context, and strategies to account for the costs of program management.

Committee: Amber Woodburn McNair (Advisor); Rachel Skaggs (Committee Member) Subjects: Arts Management; Urban Planning

MCP, University of Cincinnati, 2001, Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning : Community Planning

This thesis explores the impact and effects regional jets have had on commercial air service in the United States from 1990-2000. By analyzing the hypothesis that the forecasted role of regional jets in the aviation industry that Michael Boyd and Aviation Service Research Corporation (ASRC) published in 1997, has been realized by commercial air carriers utilizing regional jets. The popularity of regional jets soared since they were first introduced in the early 1990s. The versatility of regional jets has permitted airlines greater flexibility in structuring route systems, and markets in which they operate. With greater speed, payload capacity, extended range, and destinations, regional jets have fundamentally changed the manner in which airlines provide service.

Committee: John Kleymeyer (Advisor) Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning

PhD, University of Cincinnati, 2022, Engineering and Applied Science: Aerospace Engineering

This research falls in the field of obtaining new high-performing simple architectures that demystify explainable AI. We narrowed down the scope of work focusing only on regression tasks. The ultimate goal is to provide an algorithm that not only makes the internal functioning of its logic transparent to human understanding, but also produces better results than the current state of the art. This type of technologies will play a fundamental role in all engineering during the next century, especially in those areas where the human supervision and quality assurance is unquestionable. In this framework of XAI, fuzzy logic is leading the development of algorithms that meet these transparency requirements. The linguistic and interpretable nature of fuzzy inference systems, together with their ability for supervision and direct integration of expert-knowledge, make them the perfect candidates for certifiable and trustworthy AI. Therefore, in the architectural design of the algorithms covered in this research, we will leverage the tools that fuzzy logic has to offer.

Committee: Kelly Cohen Ph.D. (Committee Member); Vladik Kreinovich Ph.D. (Committee Member); Anca Ralescu Ph.D. (Committee Member); Ou Ma Ph.D. (Committee Member); Manish Kumar Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Artificial Intelligence

Master of Arts, Miami University, 2020, Geography

The changing urban morphology around the globe, especially in Africa, is a result of regimes of capital accumulation from capitalist societies. African cities are then regarded as the "new frontier" for global real estate developments in the form of glass towers. Airport City, Accra (ACA), Ghana, has witnessed similar real estate developments. By using ACA as a case study, the purpose of the thesis is to examine how urban space is changing, the processes influencing the change, and what it might mean for development purposes in urban Ghana. The study used Google Earth images (2002-2018) to map the changing landscape. Open-ended interviews were conducted with real estate developers in ACA, Ghana Airport Company Limited, Chiefs, and GaDangme Council to examine processes influencing the transformation, and implication for urban development. The findings show a significant growth and change in ACA morphology. The changing morphology of ACA is because local frameworks provided an enabling environment for global foreign direct investments. However, it is primarily local private real estate developers rather than a global surplus that is changing the ACA pattern. The findings and documented evidence show that the La and Osu are disenfranchised, hemmed in social, economic, and environmental conditions. The thesis recommends four ways forward.

Committee: Ian Yeboah (Advisor); John Maingi (Committee Member); David Prytherch (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2019, Civil Engineering (Engineering and Technology)

In the last decades, the world has witnessed a drastic increase in traffic volumes and truck weights. The pressure of increasing traffic volumes and weights introduces more issues into the roadway system, but civil engineers can help in designing more efficient and durable pavements. Asphalt pavement is the predominant type of pavement in the world. However, it suffers from different distresses during its lifetime due to traffic and environmental conditions. One of the major distresses of asphalt pavement is rutting, and it is primarily a load-related distress. Asphalt mixtures that can provide high resistance to rutting are needed, especially for high stress locations, such as airports and intersections. In this thesis, an asphalt mixture was designed to have high resistance to permanent deformation under high stresses. In addition, different asphalt mixtures were produced and evaluated using different polymer-modified and GTR-modified asphalt binders. The polymer-modified binders were graded as PG70-22M, PG 76-22M, and PG 88-22M, while the GTR-modified binder was graded as PG 70-22M. The produced mixes were evaluated for their performance by conducting an extensive laboratory testing program. The laboratory testing program was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 was performed on lab-produced mixes, while phase 2 was performed on plant-produced mixes. A control mix, typically used for interstate surface course in Ohio, was included in phase 1 to provide a baseline for comparison. One of the GTR mixes included in phase 2 contained excessive amounts of natural sand and was expected to exhibit premature rutting. The mixtures' resistance to permanent deformation, moisture damage, and cracking were evaluated using a variety of tests. The flow number, asphalt pavement analyzer, Hamburg wheel-tracking device, modified Lottman test, and semi-circular bending test were employed to assess the performance of mixes included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed on a (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Munir Nazzal (Advisor) Subjects: Civil Engineering; Geotechnology; Transportation

MSARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2018, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Airports serve as gateways to cities or countries. They are symbolic buildings, the first and last impressions and experiences for visitors. In their early days, airports evoked modernity and impressiveness. Then, during a period of frequent hijacking in the 1960s, they transformed into places of security. Later on, they manifested into “non-places,” as Marc Auge observed, as their super-modernity deprived them of those qualities that created and defined the identity of a place or its relation to the city or country it was introducing. Today, successful airport architecture balances between the global and local character representations in their design features. Airport architecture often leans toward localization when airports are part of a nation-building process, and when they ascribe to regional character and culture, they become city portrayers. This thesis explores how an airport can architecturally represent its city, region, culture, nation and metropolitan or national character as opposed to imparting a global, generic, non-place image on the arriving passenger. The research comprises two main points. First, it examines, from an architectural point of view, the consequences of the Iraqi government's shutting down of the Kurdistan region airports as a punishment for the Kurdistan referendum. Then reviews representations of regional character in airports by investigating literature and airport design precedents, thus establishing background and criteria to study the case study of Sulaymaniyah International Airport in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. It also analyzes the efficiency of the airport's performance and tackles its architectural design problems.

Committee: Rebecca Williamson Ph.D. (Committee Chair); Jeffrey Tilman Ph.D. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Master of Science (MS), Ohio University, 2017, Civil Engineering (Engineering and Technology)

Increased usage of state supported intercity passenger rail corridors may require the addition of new stations along routes to reduce congestion. This case study of the Milwaukee-Chicago Hiawatha Service line investigates the impacts of a new station on an existing intercity rail line over time on the existing stations. The Milwaukee Airport Rail Station opened on this route on January 2005. Using data from more than 10,000 passenger surveys obtained between 2002 and 2016, this analysis presents information of the new station ramp-up of ridership from opening to the present time as well as the home distribution of passengers and characteristics of passengers with respect to time and space. The analysis results showed a ramp-up existence for the new rail station and showed no reason for not using the Federal Railroad Administration recommended planning spatial distribution guidance of 10 and 30-mile distance radius for rail stations.

Committee: Ben Sperry (Advisor) Subjects: Civil Engineering; Transportation Planning

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2017, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Biomimicry refers to the work of people who realize that the organic structures or surviving outcomes of nature are not only seemingly beautiful but also durable and who apply them to human inventions by designing with the methods of nature. There are many projects around the world utilizing biomimicry, even from before the term was commonly used. Furthermore, biomimicry is increasingly employed in architecture. In this thesis, I will examine the design of an airport building through biomimicry. Because of a correlation between flights, airplanes, airports, and feathers, I have selected a feather for my biological inspiration. The structural pattern of feathers allows them to sustain their shape and function in flight. Understanding the principle of this structure, which is based on interlocking systems of hooks (barbicels) with three different hierarchies (rachis, barbs and barbules), allows a plausible formulation for a lightweight long-span structure of an airport by designing a feather-like canopy unit. The site I have selected for this examination is Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG), which is in decline due to decreased demand. Hoping for a revitalization, the airport management plans to combine Concourse A and Concourse B as one compact concourse in 2023 to reduce the waste, maintenance fees, and unnecessary spaces. Based on these needs from CVG, I propose a new concourse by mimicking a feather's structure to design an innovative new airport facility.

Committee: Christoph Klemmt A.A. Dipl. (Committee Chair); Elizabeth Riorden M.Arch. (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2017, Geography

Operations in air transportation systems are the consequence of complex interactions among passengers, operators, and policymakers, within their respective local and global contexts. This research investigates the aviation operations and passenger trip flows in air transportation networks by utilizing a variety of empirical sources at varying geographic scales. It focuses on two key aspects of airline/aircraft operations: operational efficiency, and the impacts of current operational practices on passenger trips. To explore the first topic, empirical assessments of aircraft operations in US and global aviation markets are conducted, based on aircraft fuel burn and operating cost performance models. These models are also utilized to examine the cost-efficient fleet configuration problem in an optimization framework. Seating configuration and flight length are observed as key factors differentiating the empirical aircraft fuel burn rates, across geographic markets and operating aircraft types. The resulting heterogeneity of aircraft operational efficiency is an empirical indication based on the current operational practices of airlines for their aircraft fleets and seating configurations, and should be considered as a substantial factor in current emission-related debates over airline carbon tax policies. Also, through a comparative analysis of cost-efficient fleets given the operational reality in the US aviation markets, the study demonstrates gaps between actual use and fleet deployments designed to minimize operating costs, suggesting that combining large and small aircraft to reduce operating costs is a viable alternative for a wide range of segment markets of varying sizes and lengths. To investigate the leverage of operational practices on passenger journeys, the differential roles of hub and local airports in the US aviation markets are focused. The author designed an air transport-focused OD synthesis model to predict US domestic and international passe (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Morton O'Kelly (Advisor); Harvey Miller (Committee Member); Ningchuan Xiao (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography; Transportation; Transportation Planning; Urban Planning

Master of Arts, The Ohio State University, 2015, Geography

Air networks play an important role in current US society. Measurements of airport accessibility and market share have become significant topics for both airlines and government. In previous research, the catchment areas of airports are drawn through the computation of airport accessibility measured by various models. Few real data have been collected to verify these models, however. Twitter, as one of the most popular online social networking services, has a rapidly growing user base. Nowadays, more than 600 million tweets are sent per day. Geo-located tweets account for about 1.7% of total tweets. This paper for the first time uses geotagged Tweets as the data source to explore airport market share and airport catchment division. Based on millions of carefully calibrated tweets, the research provides a map showing the catchment area of all the primary airports in the US with the county as the spatial unit of analysis. The map result of the market share of three airports, JFK, LGA and EWR in the New York and New Jersey region is compared with the findings of a passenger survey conducted in the same three airports by the port authority of the region. Both studies conclude with similar findings. Airport access distance and county access distance are further examined in the paper. In sum, this study shows the potential of user-participant data in social studies and provides an alternative way to conduct airport market analysis and related issues.

Committee: Morton O'Kelly (Advisor); Harvey Miller (Committee Member); Ningchuan Xiao (Committee Member) Subjects: Geography

BS, Kent State University, 2014, College of Aeronautics and Engineering

Airport operators are continuously pressured to produce more and spend less. Safety for all involved parties cannot be sacrificed to achieve this goal. Safety Management Systems are seen as the way to balance productivity and safety. Critical processes at University Park Airport were reviewed to identify and mitigate safety risks. A Safety Management System is an important step to improving productivity and safety for airport operators.

Committee: Thomas Long AAE (Advisor); Candace Bowen (Committee Member); Maureen McFarland (Committee Member) Subjects: Organization Theory; Organizational Behavior; Technology

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2012, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning: Architecture

Over the past four decades, airports have been reduced to uninspired, highly sterile and locally irrelevant people processing machines, which helped create the jaded, unengaged mentality of today's air traveler. This thesis proposes a new small satellite passenger terminal as a study of experience in architecture, and investigates how design can rekindle the thrill of airports and flying. Its Boston location will relieve Logan International Airport of the majority of its small airline services, as well as its commuter, corporate and charter flights. The design approach is based in studies of place, perception, and phenomenology; revealing the unseen facets of airports in engaging ways; and creating a positive and memorable impact on its occupants. A heightened sense of interaction with, and awareness and perception of, one's body and environment foster the new positive experience of the passengers and the employees (as previously passive individuals) by engaging the body, its senses, and memories with the place that is the building and the site. The terminal design is specific to Boston in its character, features spaces that are at the human scale, engaging and pleasing to the senses, soothing to the nerves and that exploit the fascinating simultaneous dualities of the airport as they continuously converge: that it is both transient and static, active and dormant, of the earth and the sky, and housing arrival and departure. Through the explorations of this thesis, the airport becomes a part of the journey, a place to explore, enjoy and spend time in without stress or aggravation, and is considered a prelude or a conclusion to the adventure and wonder of flight.

Committee: John Eliot Hancock MARCH (Committee Chair); Jeffrey Tilman PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Architecture

MARCH, University of Cincinnati, 2009, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of)

This research will show that with a design of a new landside airport terminal facility, stress can influence, develop and shape areas contained within the facility; implemented without diminishing the high level of security needed in a post 9/11 era. Airport security is essential for the safety and protection of the traveling public, a critical component, often designed with little attention because security is not considered a significant characteristic of the design experience. As architects, our number one responsibility is to protect the health, safety and welfare of the public; we fail our duty when we do not design for security as much as we design the facade of the terminal. Following 9/11, the United States is aware another terrorist attack could occur, but difficult to anticipate. However at airports, potential attacks must be planned for because anyone can develop a plan to damage public areas. The duty of the architect is to design a program, protecting the occupants of the building and limit the loss of life. Recent security measures have put an increased amount of stress on the traveling public, generating a need to lower the stress and anxiety of the passenger. Reduction of stress is critical to the success of any new security measure; passengers should be able to experience security measures with transparency, because awareness of security will trigger anxiety and stress.

Committee: Vincent Sansalone (Committee Chair); Rebecca Williamson PhD (Committee Co-Chair) Subjects: Architecture

MA, University of Cincinnati, 2008, Arts and Sciences : Psychology

Training with knowledge of results (KR) is often used to prepare observers for tasks requiring vigilance or sustained attention (Warm & Jerison, 1984). This study identified benefits and limitations to that procedure. Training with KR enhanced observers' diagnosticity on a subsequent vigilance test task in terms of positive predictive power (PPP) - precision in indicating when signals were actually present - but not negative predictive power (NPP) - precision when indicating actual signal absence. Both diagnostic measures correlated positively with signal detection indices of perceptual sensitivity (d') and response bias (c), while NPP correlated negatively with c. These findings indicate that combinations of perceptual ability and level of responding can influence observer diagnosticity. In addition to diagnosticity, KR training enhanced task engagement, a critical element underlying vigilance performance efficiency. However, KR did not affect the distress associated with the task or the strategies employed by observers in coping with that task.

Committee: Joel Warm PhD (Committee Chair); Gerald Matthews PhD (Committee Co-Chair); Purcell Taylor PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Psychology

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2007, Medicine : Industrial Hygiene (Environmental Health)

Air monitoring was performed on an aircraft deicing fluid collection system at the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CNKIA). The goal of the study was to determine employee exposure to ethylene glycol and the target compounds of decomposition as maintenance was performed on the system. The maintenance work involved performing confined space entries to repair and maintain various diversion chambers, pump stations and storage tanks used to collect and convey spent aircraft deicing fluid. The collected deicing fluid during the period of the study was primarily ethylene glycol based. The study included low flow area air sampling of selected diversion valve pits, pump stations and storage tanks for the presence of ethylene glycol as well as ethanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde which are suspected end products of decomposition of ethylene glycol. The study also included the collection of weekly samples using Draeger Tubes to test for ethylene glycol. Samples were collected in the spring, summer and winter months. The results of the study revealed that the target compounds of decomposition were detected in various concentrations throughout the sample study. All results for the decomposition compounds were well below established regulatory and recommended levels. The weekly analysis for ethylene glycol revealed the potential for exposure to ethylene glycol at the diversion valves and to a lesser extent at the deicing pad pump stations during periods of heavy deicing. Ceiling limits for ethylene glycol at deicing fluid collection valves appear to be exceeded during periods of deicing fluid use greater than 750 gallons per day.

Committee: Dr. Scott Clark (Advisor) Subjects: Environmental Sciences

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2004, Engineering : Industrial Engineering

Controlling the flow of air traffic into and out of airports is important to satisfy the ever-growing demand for air transportation and reduce aircraft delays at airports. This paper describes an approach using simulation as a tool to analyze the arrival and departure processes at airports. Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky (CVG) International Airport is chosen as a representative airport to illustrate the approach. The approach involves the construction of a simulation model of the airport's departure and arrival processes that can be used to compare different scenarios such as schedule changes or runway closures. This model incorporates a scheduling algorithm that controls aircraft ground movements. The goal is to identify scheduling algorithms that improve airport efficiency in terms of airport capacity. The present research, in co-operation with existing decision-aiding systems, is expected to increase the overall efficiency of terminal area operations and yield benefits for all stakeholders involved in Air Traffic Management (ATM) operations including users as well as service providers.

Committee: Dr. Bruce Shultes (Advisor) Subjects:

MS, University of Cincinnati, 2003, Engineering : Industrial Engineering

During the 1990s, a number of airports around the United States radically changed the way they managed the retail space in their terminals. Departing from the traditional master concessionaire/operator model, airports began experimenting with branded direct leasing programs and outsourcing to third party developers. Serving over 700 million domestic airline passengers annually, and until recently overlooked by the retail development community at large, the airport network presents a significant market for retail development. We review the issues surrounding airport retail management, the genesis of the branded, mall-style and developer-run programs, and evaluate the relative performance of different management models both quantitatively and qualitatively, based on recent sales data and case studies of a number of airports. Data for this report was collected November/December 2002 in the form of publicity available data from industry trade groups and journals and firms providing concessionaire service to airports. From a sales volume perspective, the developer model seems to have an advantage, although the best of the concessionaire and directly run programs often perform superbly. Over the short term, airports around the country will be facing difficult times, but with projections of continued growth, and increased delays, it will only become more important for airports to capitalize on the profit center represented by retailing.

Committee: Dr. Ernest Hall (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Industrial

MCP, University of Cincinnati, 2002, Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning : Community Planning

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the locational, economic, transportation and investment factors that allow a cargo-oriented airport to become a catalyst point of regional economic development. It is an attempt to determine the influence of factors on the locational decisions made by the private sector to locate in proximity to an airport. Recent economic development trends show that business establishments prefer to locate on sites served by intermodal transportation systems. From this prospective an airport becomes a key argument in luring the private firms for a regional authority working out its regional economic development policy. Given the continuing expansion of the air cargo industry it is accepted that an airport can play a key role in economic growth. Communities that recognize this and commence incorporating their airports into a comprehensive economic development strategy have a powerful tool to advance their economy. In this study three successful cargo-oriented airports are evaluated for their ability to become the backbone of regional economic development. These airports are Alliance Fort Worth International Airport, Texas; Memphis International Airport, Tennessee; and Rickenbacker International Airport, Ohio. A set of proposed recommendations is worked out to provide economic development practitioners with the information drawn from the experiences of the case study airports. Most of the lessons learned from the airports had to be learned through trial and error because the airports faced many challenges and setbacks in the process of establishing themselves. Therefore, these experiences provide valuable information for community leaders elsewhere who are considering an opportunity to develop a cargo-based airport as a focal point of the regional growth.

Committee: Dr. Roger Barry (Advisor) Subjects: Urban and Regional Planning

Master of Science in Civil Engineering, University of Toledo, 2004, Civil Engineering

The increasing economic competitiveness among states and regions within the nation has made freight transportation an important issue in modern transportation research. It is important to find the capacities of the different modes of transportation used to carry freight and identify the bottlenecks so that necessary measures can be taken to improve capacity at such locations. The present study is divided into two parts, namely estimation of railroad capacity and airport capacity for the upper Midwest freight corridor study region. Mathematical model to estimate capacity of railroad network developed by Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co in the year 1975 was considered. For estimating the airport capacity a mathematical model developed by Noritake, M and S. Kimura in the year 1993 and a graphical method followed by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was adopted. The railroad link data, airport terminals data, runways data and air segment data for study region were obtained from Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) website. Railroad crossing inventory database was obtained from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The BTS and FRA data obtained were large and could not be used directly into the model algorithm. Thus, selection criterion was developed to limit the railroad network and airports in the study region. The selected class I railroads and selected airports data were arranged in appropriate format for proper application of the above- specified methodologies. Application of methodologies to datasets identified the areas with excess capacity and limited capacity (Potential bottlenecks) for railroads in study region. Track utilization factor (TUF) in terms of usage to practical capacity was developed for segments of railroad network. It was observed from the study that the average train speed is the critical factor affecting the railroad capacity. The study also estimates the airport capacity and showed the freight flow (tons per month), number of passen (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Jiwan Gupta (Advisor) Subjects: Engineering, Civil

Doctor of Philosophy, The Ohio State University, 2012, Industrial and Systems Engineering

Departure demand routinely exceeds capacity at several airports in the United States. Under traditional “first-come, first-served” approaches to airport surface management, demand exceeding capacity can cause longer departure queues than necessary to maintain efficient traffic flow. Long queues can lead to longer taxi out times and greater fuel burn than necessary, and can increase uncertainty and limit flexibility for flight operators while increasing workload for air traffic control personnel. Departure metering is one alternative approach that controls access to the active movement area relative to expected departure capacity and the desired number of aircraft in the departure queue (or similar measures). While the main goal is to control the number of aircraft in the departure queue, metering also can increase flexibility, reduce emissions, and improve information about the time a flight is likely to take off. Managing a departure metering procedure is a new role that is an example of a distributed adaptive planning task. This research examined human-centered design concepts for supporting people responsible for such tasks. In particular, the project developed information requirements and prototype displays to support a human agent(s) responsible for managing a departure metering procedure. These information requirements are intended to support proactive efforts to adapt a surface management plan under evolving conditions, appropriately modifying the plan, and scheduling implementation of the new plan. Departure metering procedure management requires re-planning in response to events that impact the departure process (such as an unexpected temporary runway closure). It also may require adapting the plan before any change in the departure process takes place and when information indicating the trajectory of the departure process is uncertain (such as a forecast change in weather conditions). Rather than always implementing the new plan immediately, a person may s (open full item for complete abstract)

Committee: Philip Smith PhD (Advisor); David Woods PhD (Committee Member); Emily Patterson PhD (Committee Member) Subjects: Engineering; Industrial Engineering; Systems Design; Transportation