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Impacts of Invasive Alliaria petiolata on Two Native Pieridae Butterflies, Anthocharis midea and Pieris virginiensis

Thiemann, Danielle Marie
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496151845052831

Abstract Details

2017, Master of Science (MS), Wright State University, Biological Sciences.
Invasion of Alliaria petiolata has negative direct and indirect impacts on the systems in which they invade. This study focuses on further identifying impacts which this non-native A. petiolata has on herbivores whose range they have invaded. Oviposition on A. petiolata by the specialist butterfly, Pieris virginiensis, is known to be a mismatch event leading to larval death from sinigrin and alliarinoside. To observe if the related specialist, Anthocharis midea, falls into the same oviposition sink paired plot comparisons between native Cardamine concatenata and non-native A. petiolata were conducted. Early in the season paired-plot comparisons showed a preference for native C. concatenata while later comparisons a preference for A. petiolata. A significant influence of the date of oviposition on selected host was seen. Environmental stressors such as drought and disease can lead to changes in plant development and productivity. Trade-offs exists between defenses so as one area of defense is invested in other areas of defense will not be allocated resources because of the energetic costs. Under these environmental stressors resources should be shifted away from herbivory defense and with the reduction of secondary metabolites herbivores will be expected to perform better. Environmental stressors including drought and disease on larval performance and preference were investigated. Influences of drought stress on non-native A. petiolata were not sufficient enough to allow for specialist herbivores A. midea and P. virginiensis to reach pupation. Generalist herbivore Trichoplusia ni, the cabbage looper, was short lived and unable to reach pupation on any A. petiolata, normally watered or drought stressed. Anthocharis midea preference assays show a clear preference for native C. concatenata over non-native A. petiolata, severely drought stressed C. concatenata over normally watered plants and no preference between drought stressed or normally watered A. petiolata. Presence of white rust, Albugo candida, on the native host negatively influenced growth and larval weight of P. virginiensis. As larvae develop, they become more mobile and have been seen to move from leaves to floral parts of host. As native C. concatenata and invasive A. petiolata grow in close proximity transfer between the native and non-native A. petiolata is possible. Simulation of this transfer resulted in larval death for A. midea, while once transferred, later instar P. virginiensis ceased feeding and began pupation.
Donald Cipollini, Ph.D. (Advisor)
Thomas Rooney, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
John Stireman III, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
77 p.
Biology; Ecology
Invasive; Alliaria petiolata; Anthocharis midea; Pieris virginiensis; oviposition; drought stress; disease

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Thiemann, D. M. (2017). Impacts of Invasive Alliaria petiolata on Two Native Pieridae Butterflies, Anthocharis midea and Pieris virginiensis [Master's thesis, Wright State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496151845052831

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Thiemann, Danielle. Impacts of Invasive Alliaria petiolata on Two Native Pieridae Butterflies, Anthocharis midea and Pieris virginiensis. 2017. Wright State University, Master's thesis. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496151845052831.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Thiemann, Danielle. "Impacts of Invasive Alliaria petiolata on Two Native Pieridae Butterflies, Anthocharis midea and Pieris virginiensis." Master's thesis, Wright State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496151845052831

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

wright1496151845052831
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© 2017, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by Wright State University and OhioLINK.