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Gender, Opportunities, and Antitrust Offenses: Exploring the Evolving Role of Women in the Workforce and White-Collar Crime

Chio, Hei
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-4339
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1668618887097479

Abstract Details

2022, PhD, University of Cincinnati, Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services: Criminal Justice.
Antitrust offenses are an important form of white-collar crime. They exemplify Sutherland’s definition of white-collar crime as an offense “committed by people of high social status in the course of their occupation.” These offenses impose substantial economic harm, reducing competition and innovation. Yet, women in antitrust violations have received limited attention from researchers regarding their prevalence and roles. As such, this dissertation hopes to explore and shed light on women in antitrust violations in the United States through an opportunity perspective. This project creates a database and uses content analysis to collect information on schemes, cases, and entities. Antitrust cases were drawn from the Antitrust Division in the Department of Justice and filed from January 1st, 1990, to December 31st, 2018. Cases were selected according to the following criteria. They 1) have an antitrust or related violation, 2) are criminal or civil, and 3) have at least one female defendant. Then, related cases were grouped into schemes for analysis. An additional sample of male-only cases was drawn using random sampling stratified by years to create a control sample. All court documents and supplemental information gathered from online searches were reviewed and coded into variables. There are four groups of variables in the coding scheme: 1) case information, 2) documentation, 3) defendant information, and 4) organizational information. Additional employment statistics are collected for selected industries. Overall, during the study period, 54 female antitrust offenders in 41 schemes were identified. The analyses explore gender differences in patterns within schemes, industries, occupational positions, and roles in the conspiracy. First and foremost, very few women are involved in antitrust offenses. No scheme is a woman-only conspiracy. Female presence is sporadic between 1990 – 2018. Moreover, the analyses revealed similarities and differences in the roles played by women and men in schemes. Both men and women are likely to be owners. And both appear to participate for personal and corporate gains. The analysis also found that even in female-dominated occupations/industries, women are underrepresented in antitrust cases. Moreover, a small portion of women is involved in schemes through informal/familial relationships. This suggests that some women follow a different pathway into antitrust schemes. The results of this study are consistent with studies of gender in other high-level white-collar crimes.
Michael Benson, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Miranda Galvin, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Ben Feldmeyer, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
John Eck, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
104 p.
Criminology
white-collar crime; gender and crime; opportunity perspective; antitrust; corporate crime

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Chio, H. (2022). Gender, Opportunities, and Antitrust Offenses: Exploring the Evolving Role of Women in the Workforce and White-Collar Crime [Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1668618887097479

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Chio, Hei. Gender, Opportunities, and Antitrust Offenses: Exploring the Evolving Role of Women in the Workforce and White-Collar Crime. 2022. University of Cincinnati, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1668618887097479.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Chio, Hei. "Gender, Opportunities, and Antitrust Offenses: Exploring the Evolving Role of Women in the Workforce and White-Collar Crime." Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2022. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1668618887097479

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

ucin1668618887097479
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This open access ETD is published by University of Cincinnati and OhioLINK.