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Point of use sensing of human performance biomarkers in body fluids

Ray, Prajokta
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-9021
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin154399873697558

Abstract Details

2018, PhD, University of Cincinnati, Engineering and Applied Science: Electrical Engineering.
Stress manifests itself in human body through various psycho social, physical, chemical formats. Its integrated effect on human health is detrimental, vital symptoms are depression, neurological disorder, cardio thoracic disease, weight loss or gain, high blood sugar. Primary elements that enable better understanding of stress are several “biomarkers” (hormones and neurotransmitters) present in body fluids. Concentrations of these biomarkers accurately predict the physical and mental state of the individual. Key biomarkers associated with stress and the focus of this research are cortisol, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, neuropeptide Y (NPY), brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Human bio fluids are a trove of information regarding these biomarkers. Elevated levels of hormones released into the blood stream also diffuse into other body fluids such as sweat, interstitial fluid, saliva, urine. Identification and measurement of concentration of these markers provide a direct pathway for stress assessment. Overall objective of this thesis is to provide its readers with a unified platform of information which can be used to understand physiological effect of these biomarkers and give an insight into various techniques that can be used to develop a smart detection system for these markers. For this research, primary focus has been given to UV-Vis spectroscopy as the detection technique. UV spectroscopy of stress biomarkers performed in the range of 190 – 400 nm reveals presence of primary, secondary, tertiary absorption peaks at near UV wavelengths. Cortisol, lipophilic glucocorticoid hormone (MW: 362 Da) has unique absorption peak at ?max: 247 nm. UV absorption profile of serotonin (MW: 175Da) show four absorption peaks (?1: 201, ?2: 224, ?3: 278 and ?4:298 nm). Amine group of biomarkers collectively termed as Catechols - Dopamine (MW 153 Da), Norepinephrine (MW: 169 Da) and Epinephrine (MW: 183 Da) displays characteristic absorption peaks at ?1: 200, ?2:219 nm and ?3:276 nm, owing to their structural similarity. NPY (MW: 4.3 kDa) generates characteristic abs peaks at ?1:190nm, ?2:229 nm and ?3:276 nm, while BDNF (MW: 14kDa) generates characteristic abs peaks at ?max: 190nm. UV spectra of all biomarkers show a roughly linear absorption trend with concentration and simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers from a single sample was also performed. The technique was extended to different biofluids (plasma, sweat, saliva, urine); cortisol limit of detection (LOD) being 0.2 µg/mL (healthy physiological range: 0.1- 0.4 µg/mL). In real time, investigating UV spectra of a human biological fluid: the absorption wavelength would reveal presence of target biomarker and absorption intensity would be a measure of the concentration. An optical microfluidic sensor for point of care UV measurement of biomarker detection has been designed. Sensor is fabricated on UV transparent substrate with on-chip integration of optoelectronic components: UV LED as light source and UV photodiode as detector. Microfluidic channels were fabricated on polymer substrate followed by sandwiched integration with quartz and UV transparent polymer. Other techniques for detecting these biomarkers such as tracking stress-initiated change in blood viscosity and electrochemical detection has been briefly explored.
Andrew Steckl, Ph.D. (Committee Chair)
Je-Hyeong| Bahk, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
James Herman, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Rashmi Jha, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
Richard Murdock, Ph.D. (Committee Member)
150 p.
Engineering
Stress biomarker; Cortisol; Point of care; Biosensor

Recommended Citations

Citations

  • Ray, P. (2018). Point of use sensing of human performance biomarkers in body fluids [Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin154399873697558

    APA Style (7th edition)

  • Ray, Prajokta. Point of use sensing of human performance biomarkers in body fluids. 2018. University of Cincinnati, Doctoral dissertation. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center, http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin154399873697558.

    MLA Style (8th edition)

  • Ray, Prajokta. "Point of use sensing of human performance biomarkers in body fluids." Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin154399873697558

    Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition)

ucin154399873697558
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© 2018, all rights reserved.
This open access ETD is published by University of Cincinnati and OhioLINK.